非謂語動詞-精簡版

倍奪分英語教育第4頁共24頁非謂語動詞非謂語動詞包括：不定式、分詞和動名詞。不定式：todotodothehomeworktoplayhappilytoeataredappletomakeiteasier1、不定式的否定形式：nottodoTheteachertoldustostudyhard.老師讓我們努力學(xué)習(xí)。Theteachertoldusnottoplaycomputergames.老師告訴我們不要玩電腦游戲。2、不帶to的不定式：(to)do3、不定式在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?.作主語不定式相當(dāng)于名詞Tolearnaforeignlanguageisimportant.學(xué)習(xí)一門外語很重要。2.作賓語不定式相當(dāng)于名詞Theboywantstogotoschool這個男孩想要上學(xué)。3.作表語不定式相當(dāng)于名詞Myhobbyistocollectstamps.我的愛好是集郵。4.作定語不定式相當(dāng)于形容詞Ihavequitealotofhomeworktodo.我有很多作業(yè)要做。5.作狀語不定式相當(dāng)于副詞Hecameheretoseehisfather.（目的狀語）他來這里是為了看望他的父親。6.作賓補Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西讓他把收音機的聲音調(diào)小些。4、“不帶to的不定式”的固定搭配使役動詞letsbdosthmakesbdosthhavesbdosth讓/使某人做某事Lethergo.讓她走。感官動詞seesbdosthhearsbdosthnoticesbdosth看到/聽到/注意到某人做了某事Iheardhercrylastnight.昨晚，我聽到她哭了?！飄elpsbdosth=helpsbtodosth幫助某人做某事注意：當(dāng)以上動詞（除let，let一般不用于被動語態(tài)）變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,不定式必須加上to。即：bemadetodo，beseentodo，beheardtodo如:Hewasseentorepairthemachine.他被看到把機器修理了?！飃oontodosthgoondoingsth繼續(xù)去做另一件事繼續(xù)做某事★trytodosthtrydoingsth盡力做某事嘗試做某事5、可用不定式作賓補（“動詞+賓語+不定式”）的常見動詞wantsb(not)todo想要某人（不要）做某事tellsb(not)todo告訴某人（不要）做某事teachsb(not)todo教育某人（不要）做某事enablesb(not)todo使某人能夠（不要）做某事allowsb(not)todo允許某人（不要）做某事advisesb(not)todo建議某人（不要）做某事persuadesb(not)todo勸告某人（不要）做某事encouragesb(not)todo鼓勵某人（不要）做某事permitsb(not)todo允許某人（不要）做某事ordersb(not)todo命令某人（不要）做某事invitesb(not)todo邀請某人（不要）做某事causesb(not)todo導(dǎo)致某人（不要）做某事warnsb(not)todo警告某人（不要）做某事6、it作形式主語和形式賓語，代替不定式Itisimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.學(xué)習(xí)一門外語很重要。It’snecessaryforthestudentstodoeyeexercisestwiceaday.學(xué)生們一天做兩次眼保健操是必要的。It’skindofyoutohelpme.你幫了我，你太好了?！癐t+be+形容詞+（for/ofsb）+todosth”It作形式主語，不定式作真正主語，for/ofsb是不定式的邏輯主語注：當(dāng)形容詞是careful,clever,kind,nice,good,right,wrong等時，用ofsb。當(dāng)形容詞difficult,hard,easy,dangerous,important等時，用forsb。Ittakeshimaquartertocutthehair.=Ittakesaquarterforhimtocutthehair.他剪頭發(fā)花了一刻鐘。It+take+sb+一段時間+todosth=It+take+一段時間+forsb+todosth表示“某人做某事花費了多長時間”It作形式主語，不定式作真正主語，sb或forsb是不定式的邏輯主語。It’sagoodideatogoswimmingafterschool.放學(xué)后去有用，是個不錯的想法。It’sabouthalfanhour’swalktogetherefromthehospital.從醫(yī)院到這兒，大約要走半個小時。It+be+名詞+todosthIt作形式主語，不定式作真正主語。IfounditveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語很難。find/make/think/believe+it+形容詞+不定式it作形式賓語，不定式作真正賓語findit+adj.+todosth發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事…makeit+adj.+todosth使得做某事…thinkit+adj.+todosth認(rèn)為做某事…believeit+adj.+todosth相信做某事…7、不定式作后置定語JohnSmithistheonlypersontoknowthesecret.約翰史密斯是唯一知道那個秘密的人。Thedirectorisalwaysthelastonetoleave.導(dǎo)演總是最后一個離開的人。Pleasegivemesomethingtoeat.請給我寫吃的。Heislookingforaroomtolivein.他正在找一個住的地方。（liveinaroom正）Heislookingforaroomtolive.他正在找一個住的地方。（livearoom誤）不定式作定語，需后置；不定式與它所修飾的名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時，不及物動詞要加上一定的介詞。8、“疑問詞+不定式”作主語Whentostartisstillaproblem.何時出發(fā)仍然是個問題。作賓語Idon’tknowwhattosay.我不知道說什么。作表語Ourproblemishowtosavewater.我們的問題是如何節(jié)水。疑問代詞who,what,which和疑問副詞when,where,how,why與不定式連用（疑問代詞和疑問副詞在不定式中充當(dāng)賓語、狀語等成分），“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于名詞，可以作句子中的主語、賓語、表語等。Idon’tknowwhattodo.我不知道該做什么。Iwilltellhimhowtomakeit.我將告訴他怎么制作它。當(dāng)不定式有賓語時用疑問副詞how，無賓語時用疑問代詞what?！耙蓡栐~+不定式”作賓語，可以和賓語從句相互轉(zhuǎn)換。Hedidn’tknowwhenheshouldgo.他不知道他應(yīng)該何時走。=Hedidn’tknowwhentogo.Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.我不知道我應(yīng)該做什么。=Idon’tknowwhattodo.Wehaven’tdecidedwhenwe’llleavehere.我們還沒有決定我們將要何時離開這里。=Wehaven’tdecidedwhentoleave.9、區(qū)分“不定式符號to”與“介詞to”“不定式符號to”與動詞原形構(gòu)成“todo不定式”“介詞to”后跟名詞或動名詞（V-ing）使用介詞to的常見固定搭配：lookforwardto(doing)sth期待、盼望（做）某事beusedto(doing)sth習(xí)慣于（做）某事devoteto(doing)sth獻(xiàn)身于、致力于（做）某事makeacontributionto(doing)sth為……做出貢獻(xiàn)動名詞：動詞原形+ingdoingthehomeworkplayinghappilyeatingaredapplemakingiteasier1、動名詞的否定形式：notV-ing如：Hemademeangrybynottakingthemedicine.他不吃藥，使我很生氣。2、動名詞起名詞的作用，在句子中可充當(dāng)?shù)某煞钟校鹤髦髡ZSeeingisbelieving.眼見為實作賓語Ilikeswimming.我喜歡游泳。作表語Herjobisteaching.她的工作是教育。作定語Hehasareadingroom.他有一個閱覽室。3、不定式和動名詞作主語的區(qū)別：不定式作主語，特指具體一次動作Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.玩火將很危險。（特指具體一次玩火動作）動名詞作主語，泛指抽象（多次性）行為Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火危險。（泛指玩火行為）4、后接動名詞的常見動詞完成實踐值得忙繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄考慮建議不禁想喜歡思念要介意finish,practise,beworth,bebusykeepon,beusedto,giveupconsider,suggest,can’thelp,feellikeenjoy,miss,mindfinishdoingsth完成做某事practisedoingsth練習(xí)做某事beworthdoingsth值得做某事bebusydoingsth忙于做某事keep(on)doingsth繼續(xù)做某事beusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣于做某事giveupdoingsth放棄做某事considerdoingsth考慮做某事suggestdoingsth建議做某事can’thelpdoingsth禁不住做某事feellikedoingsth想要做某事enjoydoingsth喜歡做某事missdoingsth思念做某事minddoingsth介意做某事avoiddoingsth避免做某事endupdoingsth以做某事結(jié)束begoodatdoingsth=dowellindoingsth擅長做某事lookforwardtodoingsth期望做某事stopsb(from)doingsthpreventsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事spend+時間+（in）doing花多長時間做某事What/Howaboutdoingsth?做某事怎么樣？5、No+動名詞，表示“禁止……”Nosmoking.禁止吸煙Noparking.禁止停車分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞1、分詞的構(gòu)成（略）2、分詞的否定形式：not+分詞Notknowinghowtoworkoutthemathsproblem,Iwenttotheteacherforhelp.不知道怎么算出這道數(shù)學(xué)題，我走過去問老師。3、分詞起形容詞的作用，在句子中可以充當(dāng)?shù)某煞钟校鹤鞅碚Z現(xiàn)在分詞表示“使人……的”，物作主語Thestoryisinteresting.這個故事很有趣。過去分詞表示“感到……的”，人作主語Heisinterestedinscience.他對科學(xué)感興趣。作賓補Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.我聽到他正在教室里唱歌。賓語是分詞的邏輯主語?，F(xiàn)在分詞與邏輯主語構(gòu)成主動語態(tài)；過去分詞與邏輯主語構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。He’llhavehishaircutafterschool.放學(xué)后他要去理發(fā)。作定語Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?你認(rèn)識站在樹下面的那位女孩嗎？被修飾詞是分詞的邏輯主語?，F(xiàn)在分詞與邏輯主語構(gòu)成主動語態(tài)；過去分詞與邏輯主語構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercises.請交上你們的筆試練習(xí)。作狀語Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.學(xué)生們談笑著走出了教室。句子主語是分詞的邏輯主語?，F(xiàn)在分詞與邏輯主語構(gòu)成主動語態(tài)；過去分詞與邏輯主語構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。Seenfromthemoon,theearthlooksgreen.從月亮上看時，地球是綠色的。4、詞組辨析interestinterested感興趣的MybrotherininterestedinSeresting有趣的Scienceisinteresting.Ilikeinterestingstories.amazeamazed感到驚奇的Lucyisamazedatthenews.amazing令人驚奇的Thenewsisamazing.Ihaveheardabouttheamazingnews.exciteexcited感到興奮的Weareexcitedaboutfootballmatch.exciting令人興奮地Thefootballmatchisexciting.Wewatchedtheexcitingfootballmatch.surprisesurprised感到吃驚的Heissurprisedattheresult.surprising令人吃驚的TheresultissurprisingWedon’twantthesurprisingresult.5、使用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的常見動詞seeseesbdoingsth看見某人正在做某事（動作正在進(jìn)行）seesbdosth看見某人做了某事（動作全過程）hearhearsbdoingsth聽見某人正在做某事（動作正在進(jìn)行）hearsbdosth聽見某人做了某事（動作全過程）noticenoticesbdoingsth注意到某人正在做某事（動作正在進(jìn)行）noticesbdosth注意到某人做了某事（動作全過程）非謂語動詞中注意點：1、have固定搭配havesbdosth讓某人做某事，等同于letsbdosth,makesbdosthhavesbdoingsth讓某人做某事，等同于keepsbdoingsth,具有持續(xù)、進(jìn)行的意味。havesthdone（讓別人）做某事Thesoldiershadtheboystandwithhisbacktohisfather.士兵們讓這個男孩背對他的父親站著。Thetwomenhadtheirlightsburningallnightlong.那兩個人讓燈通宵亮著。Thedriverhadhiscarwashedonceaweek.那位司機每周叫人洗一次車。2、hope后能跟不定式或從句作賓語，不能接不定式作賓補，而wish可以接不定式作賓語，也可接不定式作賓補。hopehopetodosth（正）hopesbtodosth（誤）hopethat…（正）wishwishtodosth（正）wishsbtodosth（正）wishthat…（正）補充知識：動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞詞性名詞形容詞可充當(dāng)成分可以作名詞可以充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑褐髡Z、賓語、表語、定語可以作形容詞可以充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑罕碚Z、賓補、定語、狀語當(dāng)-ing形式在句中作主語、賓語時,它肯定是動名詞。當(dāng)-ing形式在句中作狀語時,它肯定是現(xiàn)在分詞。當(dāng)-ing形式在句中作表語時，如果-ing相當(dāng)于名詞，它就是動名詞；如果-ing相當(dāng)于形容詞，它就是現(xiàn)在分詞。Thesituationbothathomeandabroadisveryinspiring.（“鼓舞人心的”，是現(xiàn)在分詞）Oneofthebestexercisesisswimming.（“游泳”，是動名詞）當(dāng)-ing形式在句中作定語時，動名詞和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上沒有主謂關(guān)系，表示它所修飾的名詞的性能和用途；現(xiàn)在分詞和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系，表示它所修飾的名詞正在進(jìn)行的動作。asleepingbag（動名詞）asleepingchild（現(xiàn)在分詞）aswimmingpool（動名詞）aswimminggirl（現(xiàn)在分詞）賓語Theydecided___thesciencemuseumafterschool.AvisitBvisitedCtovisitDvisitingLinTaodoesn’tknow___it.AhowtodoBwhattodoChowuseDdowhatHefound___difficulttogotosleepatnight.AthisBitCthatThegirlenjoys___totheradioverymuch.AlistenBtolistenClisteningDlistenedTeachersmuststopthestudentsfrom____(smoke).Mymotherisbusy___(get)readyforChristmas.主語___isimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.It’sdifficult___amiddleschoolstudentstodevelopaprogram.It’sverykind____youtohelpme.______________toomuchchocolateisbadforyourteeth.AEatBEatingCAteDEats定語Wouldyoulikesomething___(eat)?Ihavenoroom.AliveBlivingCtoliveDtolivein賓補Mothertoldme___someclotheslastnight.AwashBtowashCwashedDwashing改錯：Ihopeyoutolearnfromhim.HowdidLingFengmakethebady____(stop)crying?Theworkersweremade___(work)dayandnight.不定式的否定形式Thepolicemantoldthechildren___ontheroad.AtonotplayBnotplayCnottoplayDdidn’tplayAfterhegothome,hebegan____(do)hishomework.Jimlikes___basketball,buthelikes____(play)footballthisafternoon.-Doyoustillremember___mesomewhereinBeijing?-Yes,ofcourse.Twoyearsago.AtoseeBseeCseeingDsawThoughitrainedveryheavily,theywenton____.AworkingBtoworkCworksDworkedDon’tstop___(have)arestbeforeyoufinishyourwork.--Haveyoufinished___thebook?--Notyet.I’lltry___ittoyoubeforeFriday.Areading…returningBtoread…returnCreading/toreturnDtoread/returningWhenIwaswalkingpastthepostoffice,Isawtheaccident____(happen).Weheardher____(cry)forhelpwhenwepassedby.固定用法及句型Thehospitalisveryfarfromhere.You’dbetter___(take)ataxi.Wouldyouplease___(notdrop)yourshoesonthefloor?Whynot____(have)ashortrestunderthebigtree?Hespendsanhour___(read)Englisheveryday.Ittookusaboutaweek___(finish)thework.Theyprefer___(buy)anewpenratherthan____(repair)it.I單項選擇1You’dbetter___earlytomorrow.AgettingupBtogetupCgetupDgotup2Nothingcouldmakehim___hiscountry.AturnagainstBtoturnagainstCturningagainstDturnedagainst3Thechildrenhavebeenwarned___fire.AnottoplayBnotplaywithCnotdoplaywithDdon’tplaywith4AskJohn___onthewall.AnotwritingBnotwriteCnottowriteDdon’twrite5Letme___twoboxesforyou.AcarryBtocarryCcarryingDcarried6Don’tforget___younewEnglishbooktomorrow.AbringingBtobringCbringDbrought7Remember__thedoorwhenyouleavetheroom.AturnoffBcloseCtocloseDclosing8Idon’tknow__themachine.AhowrunBhowrunningChowIrunDhowtorun9Theworkerswantus___togetherwiththem.AworkBworkingCtoworkDworked10Hewastoofrightened__________.AmoveBmovingCmovesDtomove11Goon___theotherexercisesafteryouhavefinishedthisone.AdoingBtodoCwithDtobedoing12Haveyoudecided___?Yes,tomorrowmorning.AtoleaveBtobeleavingCwillyouleaveDwhentoleave13It’sagoodidea__swimmingafterschool.AgoingBtogoCwentDwill14Ihope__itassoonaspossible.AtoworkoutBtobeworkedoutCworkingoutDtobeworkingout15Theproblemisdifficult___.AtoworkoutBtobeworkedoutCworkingoutDtobeworkingout16You’dbetter__out.It’sraininghard.Adon’tgoBnotwentCnottogoDnotgo17Tellhim__inthesun.AtoreadnotBtonotreadCnottoreadDnotread18Idon’tknow___.AwhichtobuyshirtBtobuywithshirtCwhichshirtbuyDwhichshirttobuy19Ihavesomethingimportant___you.AtotellBtellingCtellDtold20It’saverynice__youto__methebike.Afor,lendBof,lendCfor,borrowDof,borrow21Whynot___us?AtojoinBjoiningCjoinDtobejoining22Heisn’toldenough___thearmy.AjoinBjoiningCjoinedDtojoin23Theworkerweremade___overtwelvehoursaday.AworkBworkingCtoworkDworked24Theteacheraskedustostop___thenewwordsafterwereadthetextforalongtime.AreadingBtoreadCreadDtoreading25Tomaskedhisfather___himanewball.AbuyBtobuyCbuyingDbought26It’sabouthalfanhour’swalk__herefromthehospital.AgetBgettingCtogetDgot27Hasanythingtobedone__thestrike?AtoendBendCendedDending28Heissure__heretonight.AcomingBcomeCtocomeDcomes29Wouldyoulike___footballwithus?AtoplayBplayingCplayDplayedII動詞不定式練習(xí)1Theyweresopleased____________(see)eachotherthattheyforgoteverything.2Wesawthatman__________________(go)intothatbuildingjustnow.3Onhiswayhomehemetafriendofhisandstopped___________(talk)tohim.4Mumtoldthelittleboy______________(notmake)somuchnoiseintheroom.5Finallyhedecided_________________(join)thearmy.6Theteachersaskedthestudent________(try)_________(nottalk)inclass.7Thereisnoroomforus______________(sit)down.8Hedoesn’tknowhow_______________(use)acomputer.9Haveyougotanything_________________(eat)?I’mhungry.10Wereallydon’tknowwhat_________________(do)next.III動詞不定式練習(xí)1Marydidn’tkno