曲靖市富源縣農(nóng)村留守老人養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題及對(duì)策探析

摘要自20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái)，我國(guó)逐步進(jìn)入工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化快速發(fā)展的階段，城鎮(zhèn)勞動(dòng)力急需，農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力增多，導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村青壯年勞動(dòng)力大規(guī)模向城市外流，將父母和孩子留在農(nóng)村住所地，而衍生出了留守老人、留守兒童這一類(lèi)似的留守群體，一直延續(xù)到當(dāng)代已經(jīng)成為一種非常普遍的現(xiàn)象。我國(guó)自古以來(lái)，都是以傳統(tǒng)的家庭養(yǎng)老方式為主，法律規(guī)定子女有贍養(yǎng)父母的義務(wù)，但是隨著子女的外出，父母與子女長(zhǎng)期兩地分居使得外出子女無(wú)法為留守父母提供日常的生活照料，留守老人在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面、生活照料方面、精神慰藉等方面受到了很大程度的影響，留守老人的養(yǎng)老失去了應(yīng)有的保障。根深蒂固的家庭養(yǎng)老模式、傳統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)老觀念以及長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)的政府的職能缺位導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村留守老人問(wèn)題被家庭化，導(dǎo)致留守老人現(xiàn)象被看作是家庭的問(wèn)題而非社會(huì)乃至政府應(yīng)解決的問(wèn)題，農(nóng)村留守老人這一留守群體并沒(méi)有受到政府、社會(huì)的重視。在當(dāng)前國(guó)家全面建成小康社會(huì)的背景下，過(guò)去傳統(tǒng)的家庭養(yǎng)老模式顯然已經(jīng)滿足不了農(nóng)村留守老人的養(yǎng)老需求。因此，國(guó)家和政府應(yīng)當(dāng)制定針對(duì)留守老人這一群體的政策和措施，建立各種養(yǎng)老保障機(jī)構(gòu)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、老年活動(dòng)文化社等一系列與當(dāng)前社會(huì)發(fā)展和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平相適應(yīng)的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)保障體系。本文通過(guò)對(duì)富源縣農(nóng)村留守老人生活狀況以及所面臨的養(yǎng)老困境進(jìn)行調(diào)查，分析和總結(jié)造成富源縣農(nóng)村留守老人養(yǎng)老困境的多方面原因，為富源縣養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系的構(gòu)建提出自己的對(duì)策和建議，希望留守老人能夠在生活中獲得多方位的支持系統(tǒng)。關(guān)鍵詞：農(nóng)村留守老人；養(yǎng)老；服務(wù)體系A(chǔ)bstractSince

the

1980

s,

our

country

gradually

entered

the

stage

of

industrialization

and

urbanization,

rapid

development,

urban

Labour,

rural

surplus

labor

force

increased,

cause

the

outflow

of

rural

mass

to

the

city

young

adults,

parents

and

children

in

rural

residence,

and

derived

the

left-behind

elderly,

left-behind

children

stay

like

this

kind

of

group,

It

has

been

a

very

common

phenomenon

to

continue

until

the

present

age.

Since

ancient

times

in

China,

is

a

traditional

family

pension

mode

is

given

priority

to,

children

have

the

duty

to

support

their

parents

by

law,

but

as

the

children

out,

parents

and

children

for

a

long

time

separation

makes

children

going

out

to

provide

left-behind

parents

daily

life

care,

left-behind

elderly

in

economic

terms,

the

life

care

and

spiritual

consolation

influenced

by

much,

The

old-age

support

of

the

left-behind

elderly

has

lost

its

due

security.

Deep-rooted

family

pension

mode,

the

traditional

concept

of

pension,

and

the

long

absence

of

the

role

of

government

in

rural

left-behind

elderly

were

obviously,

lead

to

problems

in

terms

of

left-behind

elderly

phenomenon

is

seen

as

a

family

rather

than

the

society

and

the

government

should

solve

the

problem,

the

rural

left-behind

elderly

the

remaining

group

has

not

brought

to

the

attention

of

the

government,

society.

Under

the

background

of

building

a

well-off

society

in

an

all-round

way

in

China,

the

traditional

family

pension

model

in

the

past

has

obviously

been

unable

to

meet

the

needs

of

the

left-behind

elderly

in

rural

areas.

Therefore,

the

state

and

government

should

formulate

policies

and

measures

for

the

left-behind

elderly

group,

and

establish

a

series

of

old-age

service

security

system

that

is

compatible

with

the

current

social

development

and

economic

development

level,

such

as

various

old-age

security

institutions,

infrastructure,

old-age

activities

and

cultural

societies.

This

article

through

to

FuYuan

County

rural

left-behind

elderly

living

conditions

as

well

as

pension

difficulties

faced

by

investigation,

analysis

and

summary

of

the

difficulties

in

rural

left-behind

elderly

endowment

FuYuan

County

various

reason,

for

the

construction

of

FuYuan

County

endowment

service

system

put

forward

some

countermeasures

and

Suggestions,

hope

the

left-behi