高考英語語法（七）倒裝句（教師版）

專題七倒裝句英語的語序包含陳述、（疑問）、感嘆和（倒裝）等。倒裝分為部分倒裝，也稱為（半倒），它是將謂語的“情態(tài)動詞、（be動詞）或助動詞”提到主語之前；全部倒裝，也稱為（全倒），它是將整個（謂語）提到主語之前。句子倒裝時通常需要一定的條件。半倒的前提條件可簡單總結(jié)為（NOSHA）；全倒的前提條件可簡單總結(jié)為（表有地方時）。四、寫倒裝句的方法及步驟為：1找前提條件，2提條件到（句首），3看（謂語類型），4注（助動詞及還原）。五、半倒（一）NN指當(dāng)原句中含有（否定）意義的詞、短語或固定搭配時半倒的情況。詞：never,（few）,little,（hardly）,rarely,（barely）,scarcely,（seldom）,not等。e.g.Wewillnevergiveupalthoughfacingdifficultsituations.→Neverwillwegiveupalthoughfacingdifficultsituations.2.短語：bynomeans,（innoway）,innocase,（atnotime）,onnocondition,（undernocircumstances）等。e.g.Allofusshouldbynomeanslookdownuponthepeoplewhogetalowerpositionthanus.→Bynomeansshouldallofuslookdownuponthepeoplewhogetalowerpositionthanus.（1）notonly…butalso…（前）倒（后）不倒e.g.Hewasnotonlyadmittedintotheuniversity,butalsowouldgetascholarship.→Notonlywasheadmittedintotheuniversity,butalsowouldgetascholarship.（2）neither…nor…（前）倒（后）也倒e.g.Ifyouhavefailedtoachieveyouraims,youcanneitherbetoomuchdepressed,youshouldnorloseheart.→Ifyouhavefailedtoachievedyouraims,neithercanyoubetoomuchdepressed,norshouldyouloseheart.（3）notuntil…（主）倒（從）不倒e.g.Youwillnotrealizethemeaningofahomeuntilyouexperiencesomerealhardship.→Notuntilyouexperiencesomerealhardshipwillyourealizethemeaningofahome.（4）hardly/scarcely…when…nosooner…than…三個固定不變：1是（搭配）固定。hardly/scarcely…（when）…，nosooner…（than）…。2是（時態(tài)）固定。主句為（過去完成時），從句為一般過去時。3是（倒裝）固定。（主）倒（從）不倒。e.g.Ihadhardlyarrivedatmyhousewhenitrainedyesterday.→HardlyhadIarrivedatmyhousewhenitrainedyesterday.（二）OO指當(dāng)原句中含有only時半倒的情況,可將only半倒簡單總結(jié)為“（321）攻略”。（1）“only+adv.”位于句首時e.g.IhaveonlyrecentlyrealizedthatIwaswrong.→OnlyrecentlyhaveIrealizedthatIwaswrong.（2）“only+介詞短語”位于句首時e.g.Youcangetgoodgradesonlybyreviewingmorewhatyouhavelearned.→Onlybyreviewingmorewhatyouhavelearnedcanyougetgoodgrades.（3）“only+狀語從句”位于句首時e.g.YoucanmasterthisknowledgewellonlywhenyoupletelyunderstandwhatIhavetaughtyou.→OnlywhenyoupletelyunderstandwhatIhavetaughtyoucanyoumasterthisknowledgewell.only連接（主語）位于句首時e.g.Onlythepersonwhosatisfiesnecessaryconditionscanobtainacreditcard.only不位于（句首）時3.1必注意：only連接狀語從句的半倒時為（主）倒（從）不倒。（三）S（1）——肯定句（A）①——So+情態(tài)動詞/be動詞/（助動詞）+B“B也一樣…”②——So+A+情態(tài)動詞/（be動詞）/助動詞“A確實(shí)…”（2）——否定句（A）①——Neither/Nor+情態(tài)動詞/be動詞/（助動詞）+B“B也不…”②——Neither/Nor+A+情態(tài)動詞/（be動詞）/助動詞“A確實(shí)不…”e.g.1.——Theycanforgivehisimpoliteness.——（So）canhe.e.g.2.——Sheisn’tastar.——Neither（am）I.e.g.3.——Immediately,theboywentintothetoyshop.——Sohe（did）.注意：1.前一句的肯定或（否定）決定使用so還是neither/nor。2.后一句的謂語動詞情況取決于（前一句）。3.后一句的主語要換成（人稱代詞）。so…that…（so+adj./adv.）such…that…（such+n.）（主）倒（從）不倒（1）so…that…e.g.Thediamondringwassoexpensivethatthecustomerdecidednottobuyit.→Soexpensivewasthediamondringthatthecustomerdecidednottobuyit.（2）such…that…e.g.Theygotsuchanewkindofrobotthatthereweremanypeoplewhothoughtitwouldreplacetheoldone.→Suchanewkindofrobotdidtheygetthatthereweremanypeoplewhothoughtitwouldreplacetheoldone.（四）HH指當(dāng)原句中含有（if）虛擬條件句時半倒的情況。時間基點(diǎn)if條件句的謂語主句的謂語現(xiàn)在一般過去時would/should/could/mightdo過去過去完成時would/should/could/mighthavedone將來一般過去時shoulddoweretodowould/should/could/mightdoH的半倒歸納：1.當(dāng)原句中含有if虛擬條件句，且if條件句中有（had）、should或（were）中之一時，則可以進(jìn)行半倒。2.含有if虛擬條件句的句子若要進(jìn)行半倒，可簡單總結(jié)為“去（if），三提前，余不變，（從）倒（主）不倒”。e.g.1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgrasptheopportunity.→WereIyou,Iwouldgrasptheopportunity.e.g.2.IwouldhavemissedthelivemusicifIhadn’tboughttheticketinadvance.→Iwouldhavemissedthelivemusic,hadn’tIboughttheticketinadvance.（五）AA指當(dāng)原句中含有表“雖然…但是…”的連詞（as）時半倒的情況。半倒時為（從）倒（主）不倒，倒什么就將什么提至（as）前。although必不倒whilethough可倒可不倒evenifas必倒eventhoughe.g.Althoughheistalented,heisstillmodest.→Talentedthough/asheis,heisstillmodest.e.g.Wecouldfeelhisfear,althoughhesaidtheaccidentcalmly.→Wecouldfeelhisfear,calmlythough/ashesaidtheaccident.倒謂語e.g.Althoughhefailedthistime,hewouldneverchangehistarget.→Failthough/ashedidthistime,hewouldneverchangehistarget.六、全倒全倒為將整個（謂語）提至主語之前。它有三個特征：一是謂語動詞為（不及物）動詞，?？嫉娜鏱e,（e）,go,（live）,lie,（rush）,run,（jump）,stand,（exist）,appear等；二是謂語動詞時態(tài)通常為一般現(xiàn)在時或（一般過去時）；三是主語為具體名詞時倒裝，主語為（人稱代詞）時則不倒裝。（一）表e.g.Thedayswhenwomenwerelookeddownuponaregone.→Gonearethedayswhenwomenwerelookeddownupon.（二）有e.g.1.Asplendidskyscraperstandsthere.→Therestandsasplendidskyscraper.e.g.2.Itstandsthere.→There（itstands）.e.g.3.Hereyouare.（三）地e.g.Adeadfishliedontheground.→Onthegroundliedadeadfish.（四）方e.g.Thecatjumpedupsuddenlyandcaughtthepoormouse.→Upjumpedthecatsuddenlyandcaughtthepoormouse.（五）時e.g.1.Yourturnesnow.→Nowesyourturn.e.g.2.Hecamethen.→Then（hecame）.相應(yīng)練習(xí)題改錯Hadyoutooktheadvicesheofferedtoyouyesterday,youtakenwouldn’thavelosttheopportunity.Onlybyreadingmorebooksyoulearnmoreabouttheworldcan/willintheingdays.Seldomdoeshemakemistakesinhisexperimentlastdidyear,earningtherecognitionofotherpeople.Notonlydidshepletedthebookreading,butgaveahadconclusionaboutherfeeling.SuchalongstoryItellyou,youallneedsomepatience.will/canRegretfulalthoughshefe