Unit8Grammar-Task教案牛津譯林版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)

教學(xué)目標(biāo)教學(xué)內(nèi)容8AU8GrammarTask重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)掌握課文大意靈活運(yùn)用重要詞匯教學(xué)過(guò)程Grammar簡(jiǎn)單句的五種句型①S+V（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞，所謂不及物動(dòng)詞，就是這種動(dòng)詞后不可以直接接賓語(yǔ)LiMingworksveryhard.Mydogdied.②S+V+O（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)）這種句型中的動(dòng)詞一般為及物動(dòng)詞，所謂及物動(dòng)詞，就是這種動(dòng)詞后可以直接接賓語(yǔ)，其賓語(yǔ)通常由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句來(lái)充當(dāng)Hetookhisbagandleft.LiLeialwayshelpsme.Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.注意：英語(yǔ)中的許多動(dòng)詞既是及物動(dòng)詞，又是不及物動(dòng)詞③S+V+P（主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)）這種句型主要用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)、身份等。其中的系動(dòng)詞一般可分為下列兩類：表示狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有：be、look、seem、smell、taste、sound、keep等Thiskindoffoodtastesdelicious.Helookedworriedjustnow.表示變化。這類系動(dòng)詞有：bee、turn、get、grow、go等Springes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Thetreehasgrownmuchtallerthanbefore.④S+V+IO+DO（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）這種句型中，直接賓語(yǔ)為主要賓語(yǔ)，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名詞來(lái)充當(dāng)；間接賓語(yǔ)也被稱為第二賓語(yǔ)，去掉之后，對(duì)整個(gè)句子的影響不大，多由指“人”的名詞或代詞承擔(dān)。接雙賓語(yǔ)的常見動(dòng)詞有：buy、pass、lend、give、tell、teach、show、bring、send等Herfatherboughtheradictionaryasabirthdaypresent.TheoldmanalwaystellsthechildrenstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarch.因?yàn)橛袃蓚€(gè)賓語(yǔ)，所以上述句子還可以表達(dá)為：Herfatherboughtadictionaryforherasabirthdaypresent.TheoldmanalwaystellsstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarchtothechildren⑤S+V+DO+OC（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）這種句型中的“賓語(yǔ)+不語(yǔ)”統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的主要作用是補(bǔ)充、說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)、身份、狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作行為。擔(dān)任補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等Youshouldkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.Wemadehimourmonitor.注意：有些動(dòng)詞后可以接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，具體有三種情況：后接帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的常見動(dòng)詞有：tell、ask、advise、want、wouldlike、order、force、allow等后接不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的常見動(dòng)詞有：have、make、let、see、hear、notice、watch等help后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)可以帶to也可以不帶toMyparentsalwaysaskmetostudyhard.Ioftenhearhersingathomeintheevening.IoftenhelpMum（to）dohouseworkatweekends.注意：系動(dòng)詞be與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別，如Heishappy.(S+V+P)Heislaughing.(S+V)Heisreadingabook.(S+V+O)<練習(xí)>閱讀下列句子后寫出句子所屬的基本結(jié)構(gòu)WefoundourChineseteacherveryinteresting.Itsstructureis______.A.S+V+PB.S+V+DO+OCC.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+DOThesentencestructureof“Thetreesturnbrown.”is______.A.S+V+OB.S+V+IO+DOC.S+V+DO+OCD.S+V+PMilliespeaksEnglish.Thepicturelooksbeautiful.Theyareswimming.Weshouldhelpeachother.Theyfeelbusythesedays.Theoldwomanlaughed.重點(diǎn)詞匯鞏固1.mopupmopvt.用拖把拖洗moppedmoppedmopping拖地板mopthefloor把…拖干凈mopupSinceyou'vesplitthemilk,you'llhavetomopitup.n.拖把Pleaseusethemoptomopupthefloor.1）n.封面；蓋子；fromcovertocover(書、雜志等的)從頭至尾2）vt.包括；遮蓋；覆蓋→becoveredwith…被…覆蓋，cover→discover發(fā)現(xiàn)EX.①Hisdiarytheyears19901995.他的日記記述1990年至1995年的事。②Motherhimablanket.媽媽給他蓋上毯子。③Thetopofthemountainsnow.山上覆蓋著雪④Puttheonthepot.把壺蓋蓋上。n.規(guī)則，cnThereisonlyonerule.Wemustobeytherules.【知識(shí)拓展】rulevt.管理，統(tǒng)治；ruler,n統(tǒng)治者，尺子，cnHeruledfor8months.Myrulerismuchlongerthanyours.【詞匯補(bǔ)充】breakarule,打破規(guī)則；carryoutarule執(zhí)行規(guī)則keep/obeytherule遵守規(guī)則；workoutarule制定規(guī)則n.燒傷，燙傷，灼傷vt.燒著，點(diǎn)著，燒毀，燒傷；vi,點(diǎn)著，燃燒，燒毀；adj.burning燃燒的（作定語(yǔ)）Sheburnedallherletterslastnight.Thereisafireburninginthefireplace.【詞匯補(bǔ)充】burndown燃燒，被燒毀；getburnt變焦burnout燒壞，燒完EX:①Anyonecouldn’tbreakthe.(規(guī)則)②Manypeople(燒)woodtokeepthemselveswarminwinter.③MayIuseyour(尺子),Amy?④Heranoutofthe(burn)housequickly.⑤我們不應(yīng)該破壞學(xué)校的規(guī)則。Weshouldn’ttheschool⑥這場(chǎng)大火把整個(gè)房子都燒毀了。Thebigfirethehouse.5.weekdayn.工作日（星期一至星期五任一天）wehavefiveweekdaysinaweek.Ispendaboutanhourtakingthebustoworkeveryweekday.【知識(shí)拓展】weekend,n.周末weekly,adj.每周的n,周刊，周報(bào)【詞匯補(bǔ)充】onweekdays在工作日；at/onweekends在周末；Englishweekly英語(yǔ)周刊Ioftengofishingwithmyfriendsatweekends.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)鞏固beallwet全濕了mopupthefloor拖地losefinal輸?shù)魶Q賽crashinto撞倒intheearlymorningscreaminfear恐懼地尖叫edown坍塌calmdown冷靜beatfast跳得快saytooneself自言自語(yǔ)bestillalive依然活著shoutforhelp呼喊求救betrappedin被困住findone’swayout找到出路throwasnowball擲雪球hidebehindatree藏在樹后面onrailways在鐵路上beonfire著火thenextmorningstartbigfire引發(fā)大火fallfromatree從樹上掉下來(lái)feelaslightshaking感到有輕微的震動(dòng)hearaloudnoiselikethunderrunoutofthebuilding逃出大樓trymybesttorunoutruninalldirections向四面八方逃跑piecesofglassandbricksmoveawaythebricksaterriblesnowstormstandonthesideoftheroadbreakdown（車輛或機(jī)器）出故障becauseofthebadweatherringsomeonetoeandhelpmakealovelysnowstormcover....with....用...覆蓋as...aspossiblekeepsbsafefrom保護(hù)某人安全遠(yuǎn)離clearthesnowfromthestreets清掃大街上的雪walkslowlyinthedeepsnow在厚厚的積雪中慢慢行走重點(diǎn)句型分析1.Earthquakekillsthousandsofpeople.【解析】=ThousandsofpeopletheearthquakeinTaiwan.(1)thousandsof…數(shù)千…，manythousandsof…成千上萬(wàn)…，fivethousand五千。(2)像hundred,thousand,million,billion之前有數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，不使用復(fù)數(shù)，因此沒有twohundreds等這種用法。thousandsof之前不能使用基數(shù)詞修飾，不能說(shuō)sixthousandsof。類似的有：數(shù)百…成百上千…數(shù)百萬(wàn)…manymillionsof…EX:()①Theeditortoldthereportertowrite.A.twothousandwordsB.twothousandswordsC.twothousandwordD.twothousandwords()②Youcansee_______ifyougooutatnight.A.millionstarsB.thousandofstarsC.hundredsstarsD.millionofstars()③Everyyear,_____peoplegotovisittheirfactoryA.athousandofB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof2.Whataterriblesnowstorm!=How!【解析】(1)asnowstorm指一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雪。常見的自然災(zāi)害有：flood,drought(旱災(zāi)),rainstorm,sandstorm(沙塵暴),hurricane(颶風(fēng)),typhoon,earthquake(2)感嘆句用法由what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)可分為以下三種：①可用句型：“What+a/an＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋（主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)?。盬hatanicepresentitis!Whataninterestingbookitis!②可用句型：“What＋形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋（主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)?。盬hatbeautifulflowerstheyare!Whatgoodchildrentheyare!③可用句型：“What＋形容詞＋不可數(shù)名詞＋（主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)?。盬hatfineweatheritistoday!今天天氣多好啊！Whatimportantnewsitis!多重要的新聞??！由how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)也分為三種：①可用句型：“How＋形容詞/副詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)！”Howcarefulsheis!Howfastheruns!②可用句型：“How＋形容詞＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)！”Howbeautifulagirlsheis!③可用句型：“How＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)！”Howtimeflies!光陰似箭！由what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句與由how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句有時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)換，但句中部分單詞的順序要有所變化。Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!=How!Whatdeliciouscakestheseare!=How!EX:()①_______shedances!A.HowgoodB.HowwellC.Whatwell()②______delicioussoup!A.HowB.WhatC.Whata()③_____fasttheboysarerunning!A.WhatB.WhataC.How()④_______timetheyhadyesterday!A.HowwonderfulB.WhatwonderfulC.Whatawonderful()⑤______worriedtheylooked!A.WhatB.HowC.Howare3.Sandy,Isawyouandyourparentsstandingonthesideoftheroad.【解析】seesb.doingsth.“看見某人正在做某事”,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行.seesb.dosth.“看見某人做了某事”,強(qiáng)調(diào)”看到動(dòng)作發(fā)生”這個(gè)事實(shí),或經(jīng)?？匆娔硠?dòng)作發(fā)生的全過(guò)程.e.g.Isawthegirldancingatthistimeyesterday.Isawamanfalloverjustnow.【拓展】用法類似的詞有:hear,smell,feel,watch等e.g.Iheardhimplayingthepiano.EX:()①IsTominthenextroom?well,it’shardtosay.ButIheardhimloudlywhenIpassedbyjustnow.A.speakB.tospeakC.spokenD.Speaking()②IsWeiFanggoodatsinging?Yes,sheis.Weoftenhearherinthenextroom.()③Paulmadeanicecage____thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep4.Mydad’scarbrokedownbecauseofthecoldweather.【解析】break動(dòng)詞“破碎,中斷,打破,損壞”.breakdown“(機(jī)器)故障,(人)身體出毛病”.e.g.Glassbreakseasily.Shedroppedtheplateanditbrokeintopieces.Thecoachbrokedownontheway.Hehasbrokendownfromoverwork.【拓展】A.break“間歇,中間休息”take/haveabreak“休息一下”e.g.SheworkedalldaywithoutabreakB.breakinto“闖入,破門而入”breakup“(關(guān)系)破裂,驅(qū)散(人群)”;breakout”(火災(zāi)/戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等)突然發(fā)生”.Hissmallelectricfanbrokedownagain.Thetwobigboysbrokeintoourclassroomjustnow.C.broken,adj.破碎的，壞掉的Ihadtobreakawindowtogetintomybedroom.Let’shaveabreak.Mypenisbroken.EX①M(fèi)ylittlebrother(break)myMP4yesterday.②Therewassome(break)glassonthefloor.③Thecarontheway,sowehadtostoptorepairit.(break)5.Inearlyfellover.【解析】nearly副詞，“幾乎，差不多”notnearly“遠(yuǎn)非，絕不是”。Ihadnearlyreachedtown,whentheyoungmansuddenlysaid,veryslowly,“DoyouspeakEnglish?”It’snotnearlyhotenoughaslastyear.【辨析】nearly和almostA.nearly,almost都可以表示“幾乎”。但當(dāng)要表示“接近”或“就要到了”時(shí)最好用nearly;當(dāng)想表達(dá)“不足”“尚差一點(diǎn)兒”時(shí)最好用almost.IlookeddownandnearlyfellofftheladderwhenIsawapolicemanB.在any,no,none,never,nobody,nothing等否定詞前可用almost但不用nearlyAlmostnothingcouldstophimsmokingEX:①快9點(diǎn)了，會(huì)議就要開始了。It’snineo’clock.Themeetingwillbeginsoon.②那個(gè)男孩險(xiǎn)些跌入河中。Theboytheriver.③幾乎沒有一個(gè)學(xué)生完成家庭作業(yè)。thestudentsfinishedthehomework.重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法講解(一)when,while和as的用法區(qū)別【解析】(1).when“當(dāng)…..時(shí)候”,可指時(shí)間點(diǎn)/時(shí)間段,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞/非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.這些動(dòng)詞可以表示動(dòng)作/狀態(tài).從句中的動(dòng)作既可和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,也可在主句動(dòng)作之前或之后發(fā)生.e.g.IcametothisschoolwhenIwas14yearsold.Thestudentsweretalkingnoisilywhentheteachercamein.(2).While“在…..的時(shí)候,在…..期間”,他總是指一個(gè)時(shí)間段,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的,它強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作過(guò)程中.e.g.Iwascookingsupperwhilehewasplayingthepiano.Theteachercameinwhilethestudentsweretalkingnoisily.(3).as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,作”當(dāng)…..的時(shí)候”解,有”隨著…..”之意,與while的意義相近,強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生;或某事一發(fā)生,另一事立即發(fā)生.e.g.Heshoutedaloudasheranalong.as作連詞,相當(dāng)于when.e.g.Asalittlegirl(whenshewasalittlegirl)shebegantolearntoplaypiano.【提醒】固定句型結(jié)構(gòu)(1).過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(主句)+while+過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(從句)(2).一般過(guò)去時(shí)(主句)+while+過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(從句)(3).過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(主句)+when+一般過(guò)去時(shí)(從句)(4).一般過(guò)去時(shí)(主句)+as+一般過(guò)去時(shí)(從句)EX.()①EddiewassleepingMilliewasreadingamagazine.A.untilB.whileC.beforeD.after()②Atruefriendcanseethepaininyoureyeseveryoneelsebelievesthesmileonyourface.A.whileB.becauseC.asD.until()③Thelittlegirlstoppedcryingshefoundhermother.A.beforeB.asC.whileD.when用when,while或asWereyoulookingathim___________hewaswritingtheletter?2.Hewassmoking________hewaswaitinginhiscar.3.__________hesawher,hewaved.4.Thechildrenwererunningout__________itsuddenlybegantorainheavily.5.Whatwasyourfatherdoing___________yourmotherwascooking?6.Wasyourmotherdoinghousework_________youcameback?7.Iwastryingmybesttofinishthework_____mysisterwaswatchingTV.8.Howfastwereyougoing________thepolicemanstoppedyou?9.She__________(take)ashower__________thetelephone________(ring).10._________he_________(arrive)attheairport,hisfriends______________(wait)forhim.(二)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(1).過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的概念過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或某個(gè)時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.(2).過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成下面以動(dòng)詞work為例，將過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定式，否定式和疑問(wèn)式以及簡(jiǎn)略回答列表如下：肯定式否定式I/he/she/itwasworking.I/he/she/itwasnotworking.We/you/they/wereworking.We/you/they/werenotworking.疑問(wèn)式和簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)WasIworking?Wereyouworking?Washe/she/itworking?Yes,youwere.Yes,Iwas.Yes,he/she/itwas.No,youwerenot.No,IwasnotNo,he/she/itwasnot.(3).過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.Whatwereyoudoingat7p.m.yesterday?2.)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)一直正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作WewerewatchingTVfromseventoninelastnight.(4).過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)中常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)連用:atthattime,at9lastnight,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening等;也可與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用,:whenIsawhim,whilehewaswalking;還可以通過(guò)上下文的暗示:WewerehavinganEnglishclassatthattime.Hewasplayingwithhisclassmatesat4:30yesterdayafternoon.Wereyoudoingyourhomeworkwhenyourfathergothome?DadwascookingwhileMumwaswashingclothes.【注】1.wasnot常縮略為wasn’t,werenot=weren’t2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法的比較：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Davidwrotealettertohisfriendlastnight.Davidwaswritingalettertohisfriendlastnight.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：區(qū)別一：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)著重描述當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，它的特點(diǎn)是：未完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程；一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示一個(gè)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)，而且已經(jīng)結(jié)束了，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。e.g:1.Mary__________

adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.made

B.ismakingC.wasmaking

D.makes解析：wasmaking表示正在做衣服的過(guò)程，如用made則表示這一動(dòng)作已結(jié)束，做衣服的動(dòng)作已結(jié)束與cutherfinger就沒有聯(lián)系。2.He__(write)aletter，thenwenttobed．解析：wrote表示動(dòng)作已結(jié)束，做另一件事，如用waswriting就與wenttobed在邏輯上相矛盾。區(qū)別二：1.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)側(cè)重表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)；2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生過(guò)某事，側(cè)重說(shuō)明事實(shí)。EX：①He__________allnightlastnight.(生動(dòng)的描寫，他一直寫……)②He_____somethinglastnight.(說(shuō)明他寫了……的事實(shí))【注】下列幾類動(dòng)詞通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)①表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞be；②感官動(dòng)詞：feel，hear，sound，look，smell，taste，等；③表示思維或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：believe,forget，consider(認(rèn)為)，know，remember，hope，wish，want等；④表示所屬關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞：belong，have，own，hold（容納）等。EX:用適當(dāng)形式填空①What_________you_______(do)atthistimeyesterday.②He___________(watch)TVfrom8p.m.to10p.m.I____________(play)piano.③John__________(fly)kitesintheparkat9a.m.yesterdaymorning.④Mymother________________(cook)whilemyfather_____________(read).⑤He____________(read)whilehisbrother_________(watch)TV.⑥They__________(chat)whentheirteacher_______(e)intotheclassroom.⑦What__________you___________(do)whenIknockatthedoor.I____________(wash)mycoats.⑧________thepolicemen_____________(watch)thetrafficor_________(have)arestfrom7a.m.to10a.m.?⑨Oneday,he__________(lie)onthegrassand__________(look)attheskywhenhefellasleep.單項(xiàng)填空()1.Ihouseworkwhenmyauntcame.A.amdoingB.didC.wasdoingD.havedone()2.Lastnight,Iputergameswhenmymotherwentintomybedroom.Youcan’timaginehowembarrassedIwasthen.A.playedB.wasplayingC.haveplayed()3.ThereportersaidthattheUFOeasttowestwhenhesawit.A.travelsB.traveledC.wastravelingD.hastraveling()4.IsawMr.Smithintheofficeatten