選擇性必修④ UNIT 5 課下主題訓練 自然科學研究成果

PAGE第6頁共6頁選擇性必修④UNIT5課下主題訓練自然科學研究成果Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2021·棗莊質(zhì)檢)It'struethatquiteafewmostrespectedscientificauthoritieshaveconfirmedthattheworldisbecominghotterandhotter.There'salsostrongevidencethathumansarecontributingtothewarming.Countlessrecentreportshaveprovedthesamething.Forinstance,asummaryabouttheclimatesciencebytheRoyalSocietynotedthat:“Theglobalwarmingoverthelasthalf-centuryhasbeencausedmainlybyhumanactivity.”Youmaynotbelievethathumanscouldchangetheplanet'sclimate,butthebasicscienceiswellunderstood.Eachyear,billionsoftonsofgreenhousegasesarereleasedintotheatmospherebecauseofhumanactivity.Ashasbeenknownforyears,thesegasesholdheatthatwouldotherwiseescapetospace,wrappingtheplanetinaninvisibleblanket.Ofcourse,theearth'sclimatehasalwaysbeenchangingdueto“natural”factorssuchasvolcaniceruptionorchangesinsolar,orcyclesconcerningtheEarth'sgoingaroundthesun.Accordingtothescientificresearch,however,thewarmingobservedbynowmatchesthepatternofwarmingwewouldexpectfromabuild-upofgreenhousegasintheatmosphere—notthewarmingwewouldexpectfromotherpossiblecauses.Evenifscientistsdiddiscoveranotherreasonableexplanationforthewarmingrecordedsofar,thatwouldgivebirthtoadifficultquestion.AsRobertHensonputsit:“Ifsomenewlydiscoveredfactoristoblamefortheclimatechange,thenwhyaren'tcarbondioxideandtheothergreenhousegasesproducingthewarmingthatbasicphysicstellsustheyshouldbe？”Theonlywaytoprovewith100%certaintythathumansareresponsibleforglobalwarmingwouldbetorunanexperimentwithtwoidenticalEarths—onewithhumaninfluenceandonewithout.Thatobviouslyisn'tpossible,andsomostscientistsarecarefulnottostatehumaninfluenceasancertainty.語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章對人類是否造成了全球變暖這一理論進行了論述，表明全球變暖是否是人類的影響尚且不能定論。1．Thetextisdevelopedby________.A．givingtypicalexamplesB．followingtheorderofspaceC．comparingandfindingdifferencesD．a(chǎn)nalyzingatheoryandarguingit解析：選D推理判斷題。文章首先對一個普遍存在的理論進行分析，再引用一些專家的觀點對這一普遍的理論進行辯論，故選D。2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthecauseofclimatechange?A．Volcaniceruption.B．Floodsanddroughts.C．Changesinsolar.D．CyclesconcerningtheEarth'sgoingaroundthesun.解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。由第三段第一句可知，洪水和干旱不是造成氣候變化的原因，選B。3．Theunderlineword“identical”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans________.A．exactlythesame B．totallydifferentC．extremelyimportant D．partlyindependent解析：選A詞義猜測題。由最后一段可知，如果要分析是否是人類造成的影響需要有兩個完全條件一致的實驗，一個有人類活動的地球，一個是沒有人類活動的地球，對兩個實驗進行參照性的比較，顯然這是不可能的，所以“identical”的意思是“完全一樣的”，故選A。4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?A．AreHumansDefinitelyCausingGlobalWarming?B．AreAlltheScientistsReallyScientific?C．WhereIsGlobalWarmingLeadingUsto?D．What'stheRelationofGlobalWarmingandGreenhouseGases?解析：選A標題歸納題。這篇文章對人類是否造成了全球變暖這一理論進行了論述，表明全球變暖是否是人類的影響尚且不能定論，故選A。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2021·長沙雅禮中學月考)The21stcenturysawgreaterchangesthananycenturybefore:changesforthebetter,changesfortheworse;changesthatbroughtalotofbenefitstohumanbeings,changesthatputmanindanger.__1__Scientificresearchinphysicsandbiologyhasvastlybroadenedourviews.Ithasgivenusadeeperknowledgeofthestructureofmatterandoftheuniverse.__2__Technologyintheapplicationofsciencehasmadebigadvancesthathavebenefitedusinnearlyeverypartoflife.Thecontinuationofsuchactivitieswillresultinevengreateradvantagestohumanbeings:inpurescience—awideranddeeperknowledgeinallfieldsoflearning:inappliedscience—amorereasonablesharingofmaterialbenefits,andbetterprotectionoftheenvironment.__3__Thecreativityofsciencehasbeenemployedindoingdamagetomankind.Theapplicationofscienceandtechnologytothedevelopmentandproductionofweaponsofmassdestructionhascreatedarealdangertothecontinuedexistenceofthehumanraceonthisplanet.__4__AlthoughtheiractualusehassofaroccurredonlyintheSecondWorldWar,thenumberofnuclearweaponsthatwereproducedandmadereadyforusewassolargethatiftheweaponshadactuallybeenused,theresultcouldhavebeentherainofthehumanrace,aswellasofmanykindsofanimals.WilliamShakespearesaid,“Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn(紗線),goodandilltogether.”__5__Butdoesithavetobeso?Musttheillalwaysgotogetherwiththegood?Arewebiologicallyprogrammedforwar?A．Wehaveseenthishappeninthecaseofnuclearweapons.B．Sadly,however,thereisanothersidetothepicture.C．Fortunately,sciencehasbroughtuswiththegreatest.D．Itoffersuslessaccesstonatureaswellassociallife.E．Theabovebriefreviewoftheapplicationofonlyonepartofhumanactivities—scienceseemstoprovewhatShakespearesaid.F．Manythingscausedthechanges,but,inmyopinion,themostimportantwastheprogressinscience.G．Ithasbroughtusabetterunderstandingofthenatureoflifeandofitscontinuousdevelopment.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，文章介紹了在21世紀，科學有了很大的進步?？茖W研究極大地開闊了我們的視野，給人類帶來了更大的好處，但另一方面科學的創(chuàng)造力也被用來損害人類。1．選F第一段首句提到關(guān)于21世紀的種種變化；選項F意為：許多事情導致了變化，但在我看來，最重要的是科學的進步。選項F順承上文的話題，其中thechanges與上文中多次出現(xiàn)的changes是詞匯復現(xiàn)。故選F。2．選G選項G意為：它使我們對生命本質(zhì)及其不斷發(fā)展有了更好的理解。選項G中“Ithasbroughtusabetterunderstandingof...”與上一句中的“Ithasgivenusadeeperknowledgeof...”是句式并列，其中it都是指代該段首句中的“Scientificresearchinphysicsandbiology”。故選G。3．選B第二段首句提到“科學研究使我們擴大視野”，第三段首句提到“科學研究活動將給人類帶來更大的好處”；第四段空后一句提到“科學的創(chuàng)新被用來損害人類”，該段話題與文章上兩段的話題出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折；選項B意為：然而，不幸的是，事情還有另一面。選項B中的however表示轉(zhuǎn)折，承上啟下。故選B。4．選A第四段話題是科學創(chuàng)新被利用來損害人類。選項A意為：我們已經(jīng)在核武器的問題上看到了這種情況?？涨耙痪涮岬健鞍l(fā)展和生產(chǎn)大規(guī)模毀滅性武器對人類的繼續(xù)生存造成了危險”，選項A是順承上一句的話題，以核武器為例進一步說明上一句的內(nèi)容。故選A。5．選E選項E意為：以上對人類活動——科學應用的僅僅一部分的簡要回顧似乎證明了莎士比亞所說的。選項E中“whatShakespearesaid”即是上一句中“WilliamShakespearesaid”的復現(xiàn)。故選E。Ⅲ.完形填空WhenIbeganhighschool,Iwasn'taconfidentkid.Ididn'tbelieveIcould__1__collegewhereIcouldtakepartinmanyafter-schoolactivitiesandwasableto__2__manyleadershiproles.Manyteensatthatagewentthroughthingsduringtheirhighschoolyears,andIwasn'tan__3__.MyteachersguidedmethroughsomanydifficultthingsandmadesureIalwaysstayed__4__.Whenthetimetoapplytoauniversitycame,theyencouragedmetotrybecausetheysaw__5__inme.ButIdidn'tthinkthatIwas__6__enoughtoattendafour-yearuniversity.WhileIstudiedinDePauwUniversity,I__7__cultureshock.WhenIcamehomeforabreak,Iwouldgoandvisitmyteachers.Theywerealwayswillingtoletme__8__myexperiences.Theyalwaysgavemesomegoodadvice.Iknewthattheybelievedinme,andIdidn'twantto__Ifithadn'tbeenforthem,Iwouldn'thave__10__fromDePauwUniversity.Whileinhighschool,theyofferedmesomuch__11__inmystudy,buttheyguidedmemoreinmypersonallife.Theiradvicehas__12__animportantpartin__13__whoIamtoday.TheybelievedinmesomuchthatI__14__tobelieveinmyself.Itis__語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了我高中時缺乏自信，但在老師的鼓勵和幫助下，我不斷進步，最終考上了大學并獲得了大學文憑，我由衷地感激我的老師。1．A.visit B．buildC．take D．a(chǎn)ttend解析：選D因為我高中時缺乏自信，所以我不相信我能上大學。attend表示“上學，上課”。2．A.takeup B．takedownC．comeout D．comeup解析：選A我不相信我能在大學里從事一些領(lǐng)導工作。takeup“從事，占據(jù)”；takedown“記下，取下”；comeout“出來，出版”；comeup“走上前，被提出”。3．A.expert B．educatorC．exception D．example解析：選C很多那個年紀的青少年在高中時期都會經(jīng)歷各種各樣的事，我也不例外(exception)。4．A.mysterious B．positiveC．innocent D．potential解析：選D老師們指導我克服很多困難，并確保我總是有潛力(potential)。5．A.nothing B．somethingC．a(chǎn)nything D．everything解析：選B申請上大學的時間到了，老師們鼓勵我去嘗試，因為他們發(fā)現(xiàn)我身上有可取的地方(something)。6．A.foolish B．passiveC．smart D．common解析：選C因為不自信，所以我認為自己不夠聰明(smart)，難以進入四年制的大學。7．A.earned B．establishedC．evaluated D．experienced解析：選D我在讀大學的時候經(jīng)歷了(experience)文化沖擊。8．A.talkabout B．careaboutC