必修3 Unit 9 課下主題訓(xùn)練 社會(huì)進(jìn)步與人類(lèi)文明

PAGE第2頁(yè)共8頁(yè)課下主題訓(xùn)練社會(huì)進(jìn)步與人類(lèi)文明課時(shí)練(一)一、主題語(yǔ)基拓展練(一)主題詞匯盤(pán)查(已會(huì)詞匯，在□內(nèi)打“√”；欠熟練詞匯，多翻閱識(shí)記)①delay □ ②safety □③outcome □ ④queue □⑤automobile □ ⑥convey □⑦accessible □ ⑧punctual □⑨railway □ ⑩conductor □?sidewalk □ ?navigate □?crash □ ?land □?subway □ ?knock □?stick □ ?security □?vehicle □ ?acknowledge □(二)主題詞匯訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.選詞填空(有兩詞多余)eq\x(crash，delay，land，railway，queue，subway，convey，security)1．Itwasreportedthatalltheflightsweredelayedduetotheterribleweather.2．Ifwehadbookedatableearlier,wewouldn'tbestandinghereinaqueue.3．Anewrailwayisunderconstructioninmyhometown.4．Tocutdownairpollution,weshouldtakethebusorsubwayinsteadofdrivingcars.5．Theflightwith145passengersaboardfromTokyolandedontheairportinBeijingyesterday.6．Afterthecrash,_bothdriversgotoutandinspectedtheircarsfordamage.Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．I'mcallingtotellyouapieceofgoodnews.Therewillbealectureabouttrafficsafety(safe)at7p．m.nextMonday.2．Whenhewasinthetrain,theconductor(conduct)askedhimforhisticket.3．Heputthemedicineinthetopdrawertomakesureitwouldnotbeaccessible(access)tothekids.4．Ifwehadtakenanotherroad,wewouldn'thavebeenstuck(stick)inthetrafficjamforsolong.5．Atruckcarryingchemicalsknockedintoacarrunningatahighspeed,whichmadeusastonished.Ⅲ.寫(xiě)出下列句中加藍(lán)詞的漢語(yǔ)意思1．Firstofall,you'dbetterarriveontimebecauseitispolitetobepunctualinChina.準(zhǔn)時(shí)的，守時(shí)的2．Whenitcomestothecampussecurity,wehavetotakeitseriously.安全3．Automobileisoneofthemostimportantmeansoftransportintheworld,whichgreatlyinfluencespeople'slives.汽車(chē)4．Usingvehiclesmakespeople'severydaylifeeasyandfast.車(chē)輛5．Theriverbecametoonarrowandshallowtonavigate.航行6．Heinsistedthatalltheinjuredshouldbeconveyedfromthespottothehospitalatonce.運(yùn)送Ⅳ.用本單元詞匯替換加藍(lán)詞1．Theblindmantappedhiscane(拐杖)onthesidewalkandwalkedtothesupermarket.pavement2．Hedidn'tacknowledgethathehaddoneanythingwrong.admit3．Totellyouthetruth,wearesatisfiedwiththeoutcomeoftheexperiment.consequence二、主題語(yǔ)篇押題練Ⅰ.閱讀理解AThenewhighspeedrailwaylinebetweenUrumqi,capitaloftheXinjiangUygurself-governingregion,andLanzhou,capitalofGansuThedramaticimprovementwillbenefitmanyfamiliesplanningreunionsforSpringFestival.“Forthefirsttime,Ifeelhomeisnotthatfarawayafterall，”saidLiangShaofuasheboardedahighspeedtraininUrumqiwithsixmembersofhisfamily.The35-year-oldleftLanzhoutosetupadryfruitbusinessinXinjiangeightyearsago,andhehasnowsettledinUrumqi.The1,776kmline,whichpassesthroughQinghai“WenormallydrivehomeforSpringFestivaltoavoidthedifficultiesofbuyingseventrainticketsforthewholefamilyduringthepeakseason，”Liangsaid.“Drivingcanbeverytiringanddangeroussometimes,sooneyearweevendecidednottogobacktoLanzhousimplytoavoidthetrip.”Morethan600,000passengerstraveledonthelineduringitsfirstmonth,andtheUrumqiRailwayBureausaidtheintroductionofhighspeedserviceswilleasetransportpressureduringtheSpringFestivalpeakseason.TheexistingusualrailwaylinecouldnolongersupportXinjiang'sdevelopment.Allpassengertrainswillgraduallyshifttothenewlink,leavingtheoldonetobeusedforgoods.Asaresult,Xinjiang'sannualgoodsabilitycouldreach200millionmetrictonsfromthecurrent70million.Thelinepassesthroughareasthatexperiencehighwinds,anditalsocrossespartsofthedesertedQinghaiTibetPlateauandthebonedrysandsoftheGobiTheprojectcouldhelpChinatopromoteitshighspeedrailwaytechnologyabroad,saidMaXizhang,directoroftheLanzhou-Xinjiangrailwayproject'smanagementdepartmentinXinjiang.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)首府烏魯木齊與甘肅省省會(huì)蘭州之間新建的高速鐵路給社會(huì)帶來(lái)的益處。該項(xiàng)目可以幫助中國(guó)在海外推廣其高速鐵路技術(shù)。1．HowlongdidittaketogofromUrumqitoLanzhoubytheusualtrainbefore?A．About12hours. B．About6hours.C．About24hours. D．About18hours.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“...hascuttraintraveltimebyhalftolessthan12hours.”可知，時(shí)間縮短一半后，還需要不到12小時(shí)的時(shí)間，所以原來(lái)需要大概24小時(shí)。故選C。2．What'sthemainadvantageofthenewhighspeedrailway?A．IttakesmoretimetogotoUrumqitoLanzhou.B．ItwillbemoreconvenientforpeoplealloverthecountrytoXinjiang.C．AllthepeopleinLanzhoucanreturnhomeonfestivals.D．IthelpstoimproveXinjiang'sdevelopment.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段前兩句可知，原來(lái)的老鐵路不能再支持新疆的發(fā)展，高速鐵路的修建使得舊鐵路過(guò)渡到貨運(yùn)，貨運(yùn)量得以增加，從而促進(jìn)了新疆的發(fā)展。故選D。3．Fromthepassagewecanlearn________.A．Xinjiang'sannualgoodsabilitycanincreasenearlyfourtimesB．thehighspeedrailwaylinescan'tbebuiltacrossthebonedrysandsC．thenewrailwaytechnologymayhelpmorerailwaylinestobebuiltabroadD．theoldrailwaylinescanonlycarrygoodsnow解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“TheprojectcouldhelpChinatopromoteitshighspeedrailwaytechnologyabroad”可知，中國(guó)的高鐵新技術(shù)可以幫助其他國(guó)家修建更多的鐵路。故選C。4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Thenewhighspeedrailwaylineisgoodforallpeopletogohome.B．TakingthenewtrainissaferthandrivinghomefromUrumqitoLanzhou.C．Thenewhighspeedrailwaylinebenefitsbusinessmentocarrygoods.D．BusinessmenseldomwenthomeforSpringFestivalbefore.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段第二句可知，乘坐新的高鐵比自己駕車(chē)安全，故選B。BWhatifthecarwaitingpatientlybehindaparkedbusisadriverlessorautonomousvehicle(AV)？Willthisrobotcarbeabletounderstandwhatyoumeanwhenyouflashyourlightsormadlywaveyourhands？Itssensorscoulddecidethatit'sonlysafetoovertakewhenthere'snooncomingtrafficatall.Onabusyroadatschool-hometime,thismaybeneverleadingtoincreasinglyangrypassengersandincreasinglyangrydriversqueuingbehind.AndhowwillarobotcardrivingoutfromaT-junctionintooncomingtrafficbeabletomakethenecessaryeyecontactwithahumandriver？Thesesafety-firstrobotcarscouldbecomevictimsoftheirownpolitenessandendupbeingbulliedandignoredbyaggressive,impatienthumans.This,atanyrate,isoneoftheconclusionstobedrawnfromresearchcarriedoutbyDr.ChrisTennantofthepsychologicalandbehavioralsciencedepartmentattheLondonSchoolofEconomics.HisEurope-widesurveyfindsthatnearlytwo-thirdsofdriversthinkmachineswon'thaveenoughcommonsensetointeractwithhumandrivers.Andmorethantwo-fifthsthinkarobotcarwouldremainstuckbehindourparkedlorryforalongtime.“Ifyouviewtheroadasasocialspace,youwillconsciouslynegotiateyourjourneywithotherdrivers.PeoplewholikethatnegotiationprocessappeartofeellesscomfortableengagingwithAVsthanwithhumandrivers，”saysMrTennantinhisreport.Ofcourse,humansarealwaysskepticalaboutnewtechnologiesofwhichtheyhavelittleexperience.Thatskepticismusuallydecreaseswithusage,however.AndevenmanyskepticsacceptthatemotionlessAVscouldcausefeweraccidentsthanwehumans,withourtendencytoroadanger,tirednessandlackofconcentration.Astatisticoftenrepeatedisthathumanerrorisresponsibleformorethan90%ofaccidents.But70%ofthe12,000peopleMrTennantandhisteaminterviewedagreedthat:“Asapointofprinciple,humansshouldbeincontroloftheirvehicles.”Anevengreaterproportion—80%—thoughtanautonomousvehicleshouldalwayshaveasteeringwheel.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了無(wú)人駕駛車(chē)輛針對(duì)不同路況的應(yīng)對(duì)措施、遭受的歧視以及與人為駕駛車(chē)輛相比的優(yōu)勢(shì)等，從而告訴人們要接受并尊重?zé)o人駕駛車(chē)輛。5．Whatdoweknowaboutanautonomousvehicleaccordingtothetext?A．Itiscontrolledbyarobot.B．Itwaitsshorterthanothercars.C．Itjudgestrafficbydriversonline.D．Itrecognizesangryhumandrivers.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段第二句可知，無(wú)人駕駛的車(chē)輛是由機(jī)器人操縱的。6．WhatdidDr.ChrisTennantfindinhisstudy?A．Autonomousvehicleswon'tinteractwithhumandrivers.B．AutonomousvehiclesavoidpassingT-junctionsaheadoftime.C．Autonomousvehiclesdriveinthesamewaysashumandrivers.D．Autonomousvehiclesmaysufferfromimpatienthumandrivers.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第二句可知，克里斯·坦南特博士研究團(tuán)隊(duì)得出的結(jié)論是：無(wú)人駕駛車(chē)輛可能會(huì)遭到?jīng)]有耐心的司機(jī)的傷害。7．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Autonomousvehicleswillbelesssocial.B．Autonomousvehiclesaresaferthangenerallyexpected.C．Humandrivershavebeenreplacedbyautonomousvehicles.D．Humandriversarewillingtointeractwithautonomousvehicles.解析：選B推理判斷題。由第三段第三句和第五句可知，無(wú)人駕駛車(chē)輛比人們普遍認(rèn)為得更安全。8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．AnAutonomousCarTakesaTestRunB．WhatIsDriverlessTechnologyLike?C．SayNototheComingDriverlessTrendD．WouldYouBullyaDriverlessCarorShowItRespect?解析：選D標(biāo)題歸納題。概括全文內(nèi)容可知，作者支持無(wú)人駕駛車(chē)輛，而且本文重點(diǎn)是對(duì)比無(wú)人駕駛車(chē)輛和人類(lèi)司機(jī)駕駛車(chē)輛，因此本文中心思想是不要欺負(fù)和不尊重?zé)o人駕駛車(chē)輛。故選D。Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空Withapopulationof602,000,Luxembourgisoneoftherichestandsmallest__1__(country)inEurope,yetitsuffersfrommajortrafficjams.Takingup2,586squarekilometers,LuxembourgisroughlythesizeofRhodeIsland.FromthecapitalofLuxembourgCity,Belgium,FranceandGermanycanall__2__(reach)bycarinhalfanhour.Highhousingcosts,especiallyinLuxembourgCity,meanmorethan180,000ofitsworkforcecommute(通勤)fromthoseneighboringnationseveryday.Luxembourgisavery___3__(attract)placeforjobs,__4__its“boomingeconomy”andhighconcentrationofjobshaveledtocongestion(擁塞)issues.In2016,Luxembourghad662carsper1,000people,anddrivingisa“primarymeansoftransportation”forcommuters.Thatyear,driversinLuxembourgCity__5__(spend)anaverageof33hoursintraffic.Itfared__6__(bad)thanEuropeancitiesCopenhagenandHelsinki,whichhavecomparablepopulationsizestoallofLuxembourg,yetitonlytookdriversinbothanaverageof24hoursintraffic.Butthatcouldbeabouttochange.__7__countryatthisverymomentisinreallygoodshape,thusthegovernmentwantsthepeople__8__(benefit)fromthegoodeconomy.AsofMarch1,2020allpublictransport—trains,tramsandbuses—inthecountryisnowfree,__9__(make)itthefirstfreepublictransportcountryintheworld.However,thenewschemecansignalimportantchangesahead__10__itcomestoLuxembourg'srelianceondriving.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。盧森堡面臨嚴(yán)重的交通堵塞，從2020年3月1日起，盧森堡所有公共交通會(huì)免費(fèi)運(yùn)營(yíng)。政府希望此舉能緩解嚴(yán)重的交通擁堵，并有益于環(huán)保。1．countries考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。此處為“oneof＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“……之一”。故填countries。2．bereached考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。盧森堡市應(yīng)該是被抵達(dá)，因此應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且空前有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can，所以用bereached。3．a(chǎn)ttractive考查形容詞。分析句子可知，此處為形容詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾place。故填attractive。4．but考查連詞。結(jié)合句意可知，此處應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折，故填but。5．spent考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“Thatyear”可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填spent。6．worse考查副詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)句中的“than”可知，此處應(yīng)用比較級(jí)，bad的比較級(jí)為worse，故填worse。7．The考查定冠詞。此處應(yīng)該是特指盧森堡這個(gè)國(guó)家，故填The。8．tobenefit考查不定式。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為wanttodosth.，故填tobenefit。9．making考查現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，火車(chē)、電車(chē)和公共汽車(chē)都免費(fèi)與其產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果“成為世界上第一個(gè)公共交通都免費(fèi)的國(guó)家”是自然而然的，故填making。10．when考查固定搭配。whenitcomestosth.為固定搭配，意為“當(dāng)提到……”。故填when。課時(shí)練(二)一、主題語(yǔ)基拓展練(一)主題詞匯盤(pán)查(已會(huì)詞匯，在□內(nèi)打“√”；欠熟練詞匯，多翻閱識(shí)記)①block □ ②direction □③accident □ ④collision □⑤available □ ⑥drunken □⑦guidance □ ⑧trap □⑨acceleration □ ⑩aircraft □?comfortable □ ?flight □?airport □ ?unforgettable □?license □ ?observe □?regulation □ ?harbour □?departure □ ?speed □(二)主題詞匯訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.選詞填空(有兩詞多余)available，accident，block，trap，license，unforgettable，regulation，harbour，airport，flight1．Whenwesawthehighwayentirelyblockedwithsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.2．Becauseoftheseriousaccident,_ittookhimmorethantwoyearstorecoverfromhisinjury.3．Vehiclesgofasterthanever,buttheyremaintrappedintrafficjams.4．Theyoungmanhadtoadmitdrivingwithoutadrivinglicense.5．Everyonewhoisinformedofattendingthecelebrationofthisyear'smusicfestivalcanexperiencethisunforgettableoccasion.6．Tocatchtheearlyflight,_weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.7．Passengersmustcheckinattheairportanhourbeforetheplaneleaves.8．Filmticketsareavailableonline,soyoucangetthemconveniently.Itwillmeanlessqueuing.Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Atruckcameinanoppositedirection(direct)ofthecar,sothecardrivermadeasharpturn.2．Theacceleration(accelerate)ofthepaceoflifealsoimpliestheexpansionofpeople'ssocialcircle.3．Duetothestricttrafficregulationsondrunken(drink)driving,thenumberofaccidentsfromithasgreatlydecreased.4．Theyoungmanspedupthecarhopingtoarriveatthestationontime,butitwastoolate.5．Thearmchairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortable(comfort)tositin.6．Underourteacher'scarefulguidance(guide),wefinishedourhomeworkinadvance.Ⅲ.寫(xiě)出下列句中加藍(lán)詞的漢語(yǔ)意思1．Iwoulddefinitelychooseaircraftasmyfavoritemeansoftransportation.飛機(jī)2．Ifwehadknownofyourdeparture,wewouldhaveseenyouoffattheairport.離開(kāi)，啟程3．Itishopedthatnoonewasseriouslyinjuredinthecarcollision.碰撞4．Sheledustoaroomwithabalconyoverlookingtheharbour.港口，港灣5．Inaddition,theywillteachmanytrafficregulationstoremindustopayattentiontotrafficsafety.規(guī)則，條例6．Itiseverybody'sdutytoobservetrafficrulestokeepoursocietyinorderandgoingontherighttrack.遵守二、主題語(yǔ)篇押題練Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2021·武邑中學(xué)質(zhì)檢)TheUnitedStateshasabout475,000schoolbuses—allpaintedyellow.Eachdaytheycarrymorethan25,000,000children,halfofallschoolchildreninthecountry.Butthesebuses,onaverage,usefourlitersofdiesel(柴油)fueltotravellessthansixteenkilometers.Whentheschoolyearbeganlastfall,dieselaveraged55centsaliternationally.Thepricenearlydoubled,toadollarand8cents,bytheendofschoolinJune.BobRileyspeaksfortheAmericanStudiesshowthatschoolbusesarethesafestformoftransportationtoandfromschool.TheAmericanButitcouldalsogetmorechildrentowalkorbicycletoschool.AndthatwouldsurelymakepeoplehappyattheNationalCenterforSafeRoutestoSchool.Morekidswalkingorbikingsafelytoschoolistheaimofathree-year-oldfederalprogram,partofaninternationalmovement.Thegoalistoincreasephysicalactivityandreduceairpollution.Theeq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了高油價(jià)對(duì)校車(chē)的影響。)1．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytellus?A．Highfuelprices'influencesonschoolbuses.B．Newmeasurestotransportschoolstudents.C．Thesafestformofstudenttransportation.D．TheoriginofWalktoSchoolDay.解析：選A主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段第三至五句及最后一段尾句可知，本文主要介紹了高燃油價(jià)格對(duì)校車(chē)的影響。故選A。2．Inordertocutdowntransportationcost,manyschoolstakethefollowingmeasuresEXCEPT________.A．changingsomebusroutesB．stoppingsomebusroutesC．a(chǎn)skingparentstodrivechildrentoandfromschoolD．usingothertypesoffuels解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，C選項(xiàng)未被提及，故選C。3．TheNationalA．savemorefuelsanddieselforthecountryB．keepthechildrensafeontheirwaytoschoolC．makethechildrenliveasimplelifeD．keepthechildrenhealthyandtheenvironmentclean解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thegoalistoincreasephysicalactivityandreduceairpollution.”可知，他們的目標(biāo)是增加體育活動(dòng)和減少空氣污染。故選D。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2021·廣州模擬)Whathappenswhenyouwanttogofromoneplacetoanother,butthere'swaterintheway?That'stheproblempeoplefacedforhundredsofyearsintheareathatisnowNewYorkCity.Inthecity,thereisanaturalcanal(運(yùn)河)calledtheNarrows,separatingBrooklynononesidefromStatenIslandontheother.ButtheNarrowsisn'treallysonarrow.Thewaterisalmostamilewide,andit'smorethan100feetdeep.__1__Whentheywantedtotalktoeachother,theyclimbedintotheirboatsandsailedacross.Bythelate1800s,circumstanceshadchangeddramatically.PopulationgrowthmeanttherewerenowmanypeopleneedingtotravelbetweenStatenIslandandBrooklynforwork.__2__Between1888and1920thereweretwomajoreffortstobuildatraintunneltoconnecttheareas.__3__Proposalstobuildaconnectingbridgemadeduringthe1910salsoendedinfailureduetooppositionfromtheUSNavy.Finally,afterWorldWarⅡ，thereweresomanypeoplelivinginNewYorkCitythatleadersdecidedBrooklynandStatenIslandneededadirectconnection.Sincetunnelsweretooexpensive,theydecidedtobuildabridge.Thedesignselectedhadtwoseparateroadwaysstacked(疊放)ontopofeachother.__4__Construction,whichtookfiveyears,wascompletedin