高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句匯總講解及練習(xí)題

定語(yǔ)從句一、1.定語(yǔ)：跟主謂賓一樣是一種句子成分。修飾某一中心名詞或代詞（可以是形容詞、短語(yǔ)）alovelyboyahappylife;aredappleThisisthegardennearourschool.2.從句：相對(duì)于主句而言的，跟從主句之后的一個(gè)句子（連接詞加一個(gè)主謂賓的結(jié)構(gòu)）連接詞是以wh、th開頭的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)。之前學(xué)過(guò)一些從句。Fg:Hesaidthathewouldgotherenextday.3.Thisistheman.Themanhelpedmeyesterday.Thisistheman___helpedmeyesterday.造句：正在打籃球的那個(gè)男孩是我弟弟。定語(yǔ)從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個(gè)詞，短語(yǔ)，或整個(gè)主句。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as等關(guān)系副詞有:when,where,why

關(guān)系詞的作用：

1)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，連接主句和從句，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)連詞；

2)必在從句中作某個(gè)句子成份（可以做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)）

常用的關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)

常用的關(guān)系副詞（在從句中只作狀語(yǔ)）:when、why、where

ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.

Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.

Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.

I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.定語(yǔ)從句三步：

第一找出先行詞，區(qū)分人和物。

第二看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)法功能（做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)）；

第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。Theboysawabutterflyflyinginthesmallgardenjustnow.(分析句子成分)Ⅱ.幾個(gè)關(guān)系代詞的基本用法：

●that:可指人或物；在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)。(指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which)(一般不用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;不可置于介詞后作賓語(yǔ))如：

1.Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主語(yǔ))

2.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?

3.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.（賓語(yǔ)）

4.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?

5.Hereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttosee.

6.She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.（表語(yǔ)）

7.Ourhometownisnolongertheone(that)itusedtobe.

=Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe.

=Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe。

=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.●which:指物；在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)。如：

1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.（主語(yǔ)）

2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.（賓語(yǔ)）

3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.

4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.（表語(yǔ)）

5.Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.（定語(yǔ)）

6.Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim..●who,whom,whose:

who:主格,在從句中作主語(yǔ)，在口語(yǔ)或非正式用法中作賓語(yǔ);只可指人

whom:賓格，在從句中作賓語(yǔ);只可指人

whose:所屬格，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，可指人也可指物。

Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.（主語(yǔ)）

Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代詞如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.)

Chaplin,forwhomlifehadoncebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor.

（賓語(yǔ)）

Nothavingbeentherebefore,hesimplyhadnoideaabouttheplace,whicheveryonesaysisworthvisiting.●Why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。先行詞為reason時(shí)，可用forwhich指代；當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則用which或that引導(dǎo)。如：

Thereasonwhy/forwhich/(that)hedidn'tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.

Idon'tbelievethereason(that/which)hegaveme.（作賓語(yǔ)）

Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhissuccess?（作主語(yǔ)）

Ex.)Hewaslate.That'sbecausehegotuplate.

.Hegotuplate.That'swhyhewaslate.(表語(yǔ)從句)

(thereason)why/forwhichhewaslate.(定語(yǔ)從句)

當(dāng)先行詞為way時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句常用that,inwhich,或how引導(dǎo)，that?？梢允÷?。

way后的定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞不用時(shí)較多。但如果關(guān)系詞在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)

時(shí)，則用which或that引導(dǎo)。如:

Thisistheway(that)

/inwhich

Idosuchthings.

比較:Pleasedotheexperimentintheway（that/which）Ihaveshownyou.Ⅳ.限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：

1.形式上，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句往往用逗號(hào)隔開。

2.語(yǔ)法上，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般不用that.

3.語(yǔ)義上，限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系緊密，起限定作用，如果去掉了這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，整個(gè)句子就不完整或者會(huì)改變意思；而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系不是很緊密，對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或描述的作用。

ThisisthebookIlikebest.

這就是我最喜歡的那本書。

Beijing,whichhasbeenChina'scapitalformorethan800years,isrichinculturalandhistoricrelics.北京是中國(guó)八百年之久的古都，它有著豐富的文化和歷史遺產(chǎn)。

4.翻譯時(shí)，限制性定語(yǔ)從句可譯為一句（較短的一般譯為"的"字結(jié)構(gòu)）；而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可譯為兩句。（見上句翻譯）

比較:

Hehasasister,whoisamusician.

Hehasasisterwhoisamusician.

引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞，指人時(shí)用who,whom,whose,指物時(shí)用which,whose;關(guān)系副詞when，where,why,etc.

1.Hestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichleadstohissuccessinhislaterlife.

2.Tom'sfather,whoarrivedjustnow,isafamousscientist.

3.Theysetupaseparatestateoftheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.Ⅴ.幾個(gè)易混淆的關(guān)系代詞的比較:

●that&which:

在定語(yǔ)從句中，which和that在指代事物時(shí)，一般可以互換使用，但并非在任何情況下都是這樣，這里介紹宜用that,而不宜用which的情況.

①先行詞為不定代詞,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等,

1.Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.

2.There'snothingthatcanbesaidaboutit.

3.Doyoumeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday?

②先行詞被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等詞修飾時(shí)。

1.Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.

2.That'stheverywordthatiswronglyused.

Thelastplace(that)wevisitedwasthechemicalworks.

Youcantakeany(=whichever)seatthatisfree.

IhopethelittlethatIcanwillbeofsomehelptothem.

比較*Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.

*Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastyear.

③先行詞是序數(shù)詞時(shí)或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。

1.WhenwetalkaboutWuxi,thefirstthatcomesintomindisTaiLake.

2.Thisisthethirdfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.

④先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。

1.Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.

2.Themostimportantthingthatshouldbedonerightnowishowtostophimfromgoingon.

⑤先行詞既有人又有物，用which和who都不適合，這時(shí)宜用that.如：

1.Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.

2.Theriderandhisbikethathadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbythepolice.

⑥被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時(shí).

1.YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.

⑦如果有兩個(gè)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which,另一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免語(yǔ)言的單調(diào)或重復(fù)。

定語(yǔ)從句中宜用which而不宜用that的情況:

①當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞的前面有介詞時(shí).

1.Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.

2.IsthistheroominwhichMr.Whitelives?

②在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中.

1.Crusoe'sdog,whichwasarenowveryold,becameillanddied.

2.MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry.(which指代主句)

③在一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that,另一個(gè)宜用which.

1.Letmeshowyouthenovel，thatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.

2.AtthestationIboughtsomemagazinesthatmighthelpmetopassthetimeonthetrainandwhichIcouldpassontootherswhenIfinishedthem.

④當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面帶有插入語(yǔ)時(shí).

1.Here'stheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.

⑤先行詞本身是that,宜用which.

What'sthatwhichsheislookingat?

⑥先行詞是those+復(fù)數(shù)名詞.

Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.

(B)who&that:

who和that指代人時(shí)，有些情況宜用who,而不宜用that

①先行詞為anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,he,people時(shí).如：

1.ThepersonIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkswell.

2.Anyonewho(=Whoever)failedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.

3.Thosewhoarenotfitfortheirworkshouldleaveofficeatonce

4.Idon'tliketheones(=those)whotalkbig.

5.Personswhoarequarrelsomearedespised.

②在Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who指代人.如：

1.Thereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.

2.Thereareseveralstudentsinourclasswhoarestillnotsureabouttheuseofattributiveclauses.

③當(dāng)先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)時(shí).如：

1.ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.

④一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞是that,另一個(gè)則宜用who,以免重復(fù).如：

1.Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday'smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.●as&which:

as&which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：

①位置的不同：

which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句只置于所限制的句子后；as位置較靈活，也就是說(shuō)as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：

1.Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.

2.Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.或Jackisanhonestman,asyouknow.

或Asyouknow,Jackisanhonestman.

②先行詞的不同：

as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其先行詞多為一個(gè)句子；

which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞，一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)句子。

※Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.（先行詞是一個(gè)詞）

Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.

Hewasproud,whichIdislikeverymuch.（先行詞是一個(gè)句子）

※Heisanhonestman,asisknowntoall.

Hewasaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent.

③as一般譯為"正如""就像"，"這一點(diǎn)"

asweallknow；asyouknow;asisknowntoall;asyousee;aswecansee;ashasbeenexpected;aswehaveimagined.1.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome______Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where3.AftenlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_______hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when4.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed5.Doyouknowntheyear_______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich6.Thatistheday_______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when7.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,______writeswell.A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich8.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere9.Thisisoneofthebestfilms______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked10.Canyoulendmethebook_______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked1.C2.B3.B4.D5.C6.A7.C8.B9.A10.A1．TheEnglishplay__________mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich2．Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,__________,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.who B.thatC.whatD.which3．Ifashophaschairs__________womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where4．Women_______drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose________don’t.A.who;不填B.不填;whoC.who;whoD.不填;不填5．TheBeatles,________manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.A.whatB.thatC.howD.as6.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,____theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where7．Thebookwaswrittenin1946,____theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatcharges.A．whenB．duringwhichC．sincethenD．sincewhen8.TheScienceMuseum,________wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon’stouristattractions.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where9.Yesterdayshesoldhercar,______sheboughtamonthago.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which10.Bynineo’clock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountA.ofwhichB.onwhichC.fromwhichD.abovewhich1、Theknife weusedtocutthebreadisverysharp. A．which B．with C．withit D．withwhich2、Thebraveman, thetigerwasshot,isagoodhunter. A．ofwhom B．bythat C．bywhom D．bywhich3、Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall, hecouldseewhatitwasgoingoninsidethehouse. A．onwhich B．a(chǎn)twhich C．throughwhich D．inwhich4、Thebeautifuldress MissJoneswenttotheballwasborrowedfromafriendofhers. A．inwhich B．wornby C．throughwhich D．onwhich5、Duringthedays ,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns’. A．thatfollowed B．tofollow C．following D．followed6、Youmaytakeanythinguseful . A．whichyouwant B．youwantthem C．whatyouwant D．youwant7、Myhometownisnolongerthesame itusedtobe. A．like B．that C．a(chǎn)s D．which8、Theoldwomanhastwosons,one isateacher. A．ofwho B．ofwhom C．ofwhich D．ofthem9、Youcantakeanyseat isfree. A．inwhich B．that C．where D．which10、Isthereanything toyou? A．thatbelong B．whichbelongs C．thatbelongs D．thatisbelonged11、Wehopetogetsuchatool heisusing. A．where B．that C．a(chǎn)s D．which12、Finallycametheday hehadtobeginhisstudyforthenextterm. A．till B．that C．since D．which13、Shehasn’tgotenoughmoney shebuystherings. A．forwhich B．withwhich C．that D．which14、I’vereadallthebooks wereborrowedfromthelibrary. A．they B．which C．/ D．that15、Thisisthebesthotelinthecity Iknow. A．it B．where C．that D．which16、Isoxygentheonlygas helpsfireburn? A．it B．which C．/ D．that17、TheSecondWorldWar millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945. A．onwhich B．where C．inthat D．duringwhich18、Thetrain shewastravelingwaslateA．onthat B．forwhich C．onwhich D．which19、Winteristhetimeofyear thedaysareshortandnightsarelong. A．onwhich B．that C．when D．where20、I’llshowyouastore youmaybuyall youneed. A．that,that B．which,that C．where,which D．inwhich,/21、Istillremembertheday shefirstworethatpinkdress. A．onwhich B．onthat C．inwhich D．which22、Doyouknowthereason shegotsoangryyesterday? A．why B．which C．forthat D．forwhy23、Is someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek? A．thisschoolwhere B．thisschoolone C．thistheschool D．thisschool24、Isthereanyoneinyourclass familyisinthecity. A．whose B．which C．who’s D．who25、Canyoulendmethebook theotherday? A．whichyoutalked B．thatyoutalked C．a(chǎn)boutthatyoutalked D．youtalkedabout26、Thisisoneofth