福建省三明市第一中學英語高考話題復習話題四自然與環(huán)境

話題四：自然與環(huán)境7.AHorribleEarthquake可怕的地震(Unit4Earthquakes,Book1)Dirtywaterroseinwellsandcanalsbeforetheearthquake.Butnoonejudgedthatanearthquakewasing.Suddenly,everythingshook.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend.Millionsofbrickhousesandanumberofdamsweredestroyed.Railwaytracksbecameuselessbars.Pipesinminesburstandletoutsmellysteam.Hugecrackstrappedcyclistseverywhere.Thenextday,thiseventwastheheadlineormaintitleofallnewspapers.Withthereportersgivinganoutlineofthedisaster,thewholenationwasshockedbythedamageandthevictim’sextremesuffering.Peopleweremovedwhentheyreadthatthesurvivorsfortedeachotherbysaying“Congratulations!Yousurvived!”.Sotheynotonlyexpressedtheirsympathysincerely,butalsoorganizedtogethertohelpthevictimsrightaway.Theinjuredwererescuedandthedeadwereburied.Thefrightenedsurvivorsweredugoutfromundertheruinsandwereofferedshelter,freshwaterandelectricity.Thankstopeople’shelp,thelosswasminimized.地震前，水井和運河里的污水都漲涌起來。但是卻沒人判斷出地震即將來臨。霎那間，一切都在搖晃，似乎整個世界就要結束。數(shù)以百萬的磚房和許多水壩遭到破壞；鐵路軌道都變成無用的鐵條；煤礦管道紛紛爆裂，發(fā)出有臭味的蒸汽；到處都有騎車的人被巨大的裂縫陷住。第二天，所有報紙都紛紛以大字標題或主要標題報道了這一事件。記者們描述了災難的大概情況，全國都被地震的破壞和災民們極度的苦難所震驚。當人們讀到幸存者以“恭喜啊，你還活著。”來互相安慰時，都被感動了。人們不僅衷心地表達了他們的同情，而且還立刻組織起來幫助災民。傷員被救助了，死者被埋葬了，嚇壞的幸存者被從廢墟中挖出來了，棲身處、凈水和電力也很快得到提供。多虧了人們的幫助，災區(qū)的損失被減到了最小。8.WildlifeProtection保護野生動植物(Unit4Wildlifeprotection,Book2) Dinosaursdiedoutbecauseofanunexpectedincident.Butwildlifetodaydisappearsorisindangerjustbecausehumansdoharmtoit.Forexample,tigersarehuntedforfurtomakecarpetssothattheycanonlyliveinsecurereserves;grasslandisdestroyedwithoutmercysothatduststormseintobeingaffectingdistantcities. Lastyear,scientistssawsomemonkeysrubbingthemselveswithacertainkindofinsectstoprotectthemselvesfromfiercemosquitoesbiting.Accordingtotheresultoftheinspection,theyfoundthattheinsectcontainsapowerfuldrug,solocalfarmerswereemployedtocatchtheinsects.Theendingwasthattheinsectsdisappearedfromthewholezone.Whentoldthatitwasalosstohumans,thefarmersburstintolaughterandresponded,“Ourreallossisourdecreasingine.” Weshouldappreciatethenaturalbalanceandpaymoreattentiontotheimportanceofwildlifeprotection.Notuntilwesucceedinlettingwildlifeliveinpeace,canwesmileinrelief. 恐龍因一次意外事件而滅絕，但是今天的野生動植物卻是因為人類的傷害而消失或處在危險中。例如，老虎被獵殺以獲取做地毯的皮毛，以致它們只能生活在安全的保護區(qū)里；草地被毫不憐憫地破壞，以致沙塵暴開始影響遙遠的城市。 去年，科學家觀察到猴子在身上擦某種昆蟲來保護自己不受兇猛的蚊子的叮咬。根據(jù)檢查的結果，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這種昆蟲含有一種具有強大效力的藥物，于是，當?shù)氐霓r民都被雇來抓蟲子。結果是，這種昆蟲從這整個地區(qū)都消失了。當被告知說這是整個人類的損失時，農民們都突然大笑著回應道：“我們減少的收入才是我們真正的損失呢！” 我們應該意識到自然平衡的重要，更加注意野生動植物的保護。直到我們成功讓野生動植物安詳平靜地生活，我們自己才能如釋重負地笑開顏。9.RefreshOurEnvironment恢復環(huán)境生機(Unit4Globalwarming,Book6)Asthedirectorstatedonbehalfofhisresearchinggroup,thedataofthisgraphmakesaclearpresentationofthefutureenvironmentaltendency.Ononehand,thequantityoffuelkeepsondecreasingby9%peryearwhilethegrowthofawiderangeofpollutionhasbeenaglobaltrend.Ontheotherhand,themildlybutsteadilygoingupoftheaveragetemperatureisresultingincatastropheslikewidespreadfloods.Withoutdisagreement,theysubscribetotheviewthatitishumans’existenceandtheirrandomlyconsumingenergythatresultinthisphenomenon.Manypeoplehaveamitmentthatdevelopingnuclearpowerorenergyfromouterspacewillstopbadconsequencesingabout.However,scientistsandeducatorsareopposedtothisviewevenifourneedsmaybemetonthewhole.Theytendtoadvocaterefreshingourcircumstancesbysavingenergyandrecyclingwaste.Itissuggestedthatweuseenergysavingappliancessuchaselectricalmotors,microwavesandsoonandnotbecasualaboutlittlethingslikerecyclingacan.Sopleaseglancearoundandseewhatyoucando.Solongaseverybodymakescontribution,wewillnothavetoputupwiththisproblemanymore.正如那位主任代表他的研究小組所說明的那樣，這張圖表的數(shù)據(jù)清楚地描述了未來環(huán)境的趨勢：一方面，燃料的數(shù)量以每年9%的速度持續(xù)減少，同時，大范圍污染的增長已經成為一種全球趨勢；另一反面，平均氣溫輕微卻穩(wěn)定地升高正在造成像廣泛的洪澇那樣的災難。無不同意地，他們一致贊成是人類的存在和任意的消耗能源才造成了這一現(xiàn)象。許多人都信奉開發(fā)核能和外太空能源會防止糟糕的后果發(fā)生的理論，然而，即使這樣可以基本上滿足我們的需要，科學家和教育家們仍然反對這一觀點。他們更傾向于擁護用節(jié)省能源和回收廢料的方法恢復環(huán)境生機，并建議我們要使用節(jié)省能源的器具，如電力發(fā)動機、微波爐等，還建議我們不要對如回收罐子這種小事漫不經心。因此，看看你身邊是否有你能做的事，只要每個人都作出貢獻，我們就不必再忍受這個問題的困擾了。10.AVolcanoEruption火山爆發(fā)(Unit5Thepowerofnature,Book6)Asthebestcandidate,Iwasappointedtocollectandevaluateinformationforadatabaseaboutdiversenaturaldisasters,suchashurricanes,typhoonsorthunderstorms.SometimesIdidthisbygivingoutquestionnairestothosewhowentthroughthem.ButsometimesIhadtogothroughactualdisastersmyself.TheMusakiVolcanowasoneofthem.Atthattime,Ilivedinabungalowalongsidethevolcanowithanovelist,whocamefortheappreciationofitseruption.Oneday,whenIwasdrawingdiagramsonthebalconyandhewasbathinginside,thevolcanoeruptedunexpectedly.Theashandlavafountainsshootinghighlyintheskyvariedfrom50to100metersinheight.Itwasabsolutelyfantastic!Ievennoticedarainbowappearinthefogcausedbyaheatwave.But,glancingthroughoursurroundings,Iforesawthepotentialdangerandfoundnoguaranteeofoursafety.Theunfortablegasalmostmadeusunconscious.Sweatsofanxietybegantodrop.Managingtostoppanickingandtrembling,wequicklyputonourprotectivesuits,helmetsandbootsandeventuallymadeourwaytoasafeplace.Howluckywewereeventhoughmypreciousequipmentanddocumentswereallburnttotheground!作為最好的候選人，我被委派為一個數(shù)據(jù)庫收集和評估各種自然災害的信息，例如颶風、臺風或雷暴等。有時我通過向經歷過這些災害的人分發(fā)調查問卷來收集信息，有時卻得親自經歷實際的災害。Musaki火山就是其中之一。那時，我和一名來欣賞火山爆發(fā)的小說家同住在火山邊上的一座平房里。有一天，當我正在陽臺上畫圖表而他在屋里洗澡時，火山突然爆發(fā)了，噴射到天空中的火山灰和巖漿噴泉從50米到100米不等，這一情景絕對地奇異，我甚至還注意到一條彩虹出現(xiàn)在熱浪造成的霧里。然而，我向四周看了一下，馬上預見到了潛在的危險，也發(fā)現(xiàn)了我們的安全毫無保障。令人不舒服的氣體幾乎使我們失去知覺，憂慮的汗水開始流淌下來。我們努力使自己不要驚慌和顫抖，迅速穿上保護套裝、頭盔和靴子，最后成功前往安全的地方。盡管我珍貴的設備和文件都燒得精光，但是我們真的非常幸運。11.MarkandaSeal馬克和海豹(Unit3Underthesea,Book7)Markrentedanacmodationwithhispensionneartheshore.Hepaidannualvisitstheretoenjoythevividbeautyinthedepthsofthepuresea.Once,withhisunderwatertelescopeandflashlight,Markdivedalongtheboundarybetweenthesteepreefandtheareaofseaweedconservation.Suddenly,anawesomeAntarcticsealwithsharpteethappearedoppositehim.Everycellinhisbodywasscaredtodeath.Butsoon,hewasawarethathewasn’tthetargetofanattack.Withaneatwoundinitslipcausedbyashark,thisgreysealwaswashedupsidedownbythetidestimeaftertime.ButittriedtojogMarkasiftourgehimtohe