2024年6月-大學(xué)英語六級(CET-6)真題+聽力原文+答案詳解

2024年6月大學(xué)英語新六級(CET-6)考試PartIWriting(30minutes)注意：此局部試題在答題卡1上。Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicTheImpactoftheInternetonInterpersonalCommunication.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.TheImpactoftheInternetonInterpersonalCommunication PartII ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning) (15minutes)Directions: Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.TheThree-YearSolutionHartwickCollege,asmallliberal-artsschoolinupstateNewYork,makesNewYork,makesthisoffertowellpreparedstudents:earnyourundergraduatedegreeinthreeyearsinsteadoffour,andsaveabout543,000—theamountofoneyear’stuitionandfees.Anumberofinnovativecollegesaremakingthesameoffertostudentsanxiousaboutsavingtimeandmoney.That’sbothanopportunityandawarningforthebesthigher-educationsystemintheworld.

TheUnitedStateshasalmostalloftheworld’sbestuniversities.ArecentChinesesurveyranks35Americanuniversitiesamongthetop50,eightamongthetop10.OurresearchuniversitieshavebeenthekeytodevelopingthecompetitiveadvantagesthathelpAmericansproduce25%ofalltheworld’swealth.In2024,623,805oftheworld’sbrighteststudentswereattractedtoAmericanuniversities.Yet,therearesignsofperil(危險(xiǎn))withinAmericanhighereducation.U.S.collegeshavetocompeteinthemarketplace.Studentsmaychooseamong6,000public,private,nonprofit,forprofit,orreligiousinstitutionsofhigherlearning.Inaddition,almostallofthe532billionthefederalgovernmentprovidesforuniversityresearchisawardedcompetitively.

Butmanycollegesanduniversitiesarestuckinthepast.Forinstance,theideaofthefall-to-spring“schoolyear〞hasn’tchangedmuchsincebeforetheAmericanRevolution,whenwewereasummerstretchnolongermakessense.FormerGeorgeWashingtonUniversitypresidentStephenTrachtenbergestimatesthatatypicalcollegeusesitsfacilitiesforacademicpurposesalittlemorethanhalfthecalendaryear.“Whilecollegefacilitiessitidle,theycontinuetogeneratemaintenanceexpensesthatcontributetothehighcostofrunningacollege,〞hehaswritten.

Withinacademicdepartments,tenure(終身職位)，combinedwithage-discriminationlaws,makesfacultyturnover—criticalforauniversitytoremaincurrentinchangingtimes—difficult.Insteadofprotectingspeechandencouragingdiversityandinnovativethinking,thetenuresystemoftenstifles(壓制)them:youngerprofessorsmustwintheapprovalofestablishedcolleaguesfortenure,encouraginglike-mindednessandsometimesinhibitingthefreeflowofideas.Meanwhile,tuitionhassoared,leavinggraduatingstudentswithunprecedentedloandebt.Strongcampuspresidentstomanagetheseproblemsarebecominghardertofind,andtokeep.Infact,studentsnowstayoncampusalmostaslongastheirpresidents.Theaverageamountoftimestudentsnowtaketocompleteanundergraduatedegreehasstretchedtosixyearsandsevenmonthsasstudentsinterruptedbywork,inconveniencedbyunavailableclasses,orluredbyonemorefootballseasonfindithardtograduate.CongresshastriedtohelpstudentswithcollegecoststhroughPellGrantsandotherformsoftuitionsupport.Butsomeoftheirfixeshavemadetheproblemworse.ThestackofcongressionalregulationsgoverningfederalstudentgrantsandloansnowstandstwiceastallasIdo.Fillingouttheseformsconsumes7%ofeverytuitiondollar.Forallofthesereasons,somecollegeslikeHartwickarerethinkingtheoldwayofdoingthingsandquestioningdecades-oldassumptionsaboutwhatacollegedegreemeans.Forinstance,whydoesithavetotakefouryearstoearnadiploma?Thisfall,16first-yearstudentsandfoursecond-yearstudentsatHartwickenrolledintheschool’snewthreeyeardegreeprogram.Accordingtothecollege,theplanisdesignedforhigh-ability,highlymotivatedstudentwhowishtosavemoneyortomovealongmorerapidlytowardadvanceddegrees.Byeliminatingthatextrayear,thereyeardegreestudentssave25%incosts.Insteadoftaking30creditsayear,thesestudentstake40.DuringJanuary,Hartwickrunsafourweekcourseduringwhichstudentsmayearnthreetofourcreditsonoroffcampus,includinganumberofinternationalsites.Summercoursesarenotrequired,butastudentmayenrollinthem—andpayextra.Threeyearstudentsgetfirstcrackatcourseregistration.Therearenochangesinthenumberofcoursesprofessorsteachorintheirpay.Thethree-yeardegreeisn’tanewidea.Geniuseshavealwaysbreezedthrough.JudsonCollege,a350-studentinstitutioninAlabama,hasofferedstudentsathree-yearoptionfor40years.Studentsattend“shortterms〞inMayandJunetoearnthecreditsrequiredforgraduation.BatesCollegeinMaineandBallStateUniversityinIndianaareamongothercollegesofferingthree-yearoptions.Changesatthehigh-schoollevelarealsohelpingtomakeiteasierformanystudentstoearntheirundergraduatedegreesinlesstime.OneoffivestudentsarrivesatcollegetodaywithAdvancedPlacement(AP)creditsamountingtoasemesterormoreofcollegelevelwork.Manyuniversities,includinglargeschoolsliketheUniversityofTexas,makeiteasyfortheseAPstudentstograduatefaster.

Forstudentswhodon’tplantostopwithanundergraduatedegree,thethree-yearplanmayhaveanevengreaterappeal.Dr.JohnSergent,headofVanderbiltUniversityMedicalSchool’sresidency(住院醫(yī)生)program,enrolledinVanderbilt’sundergraduatecollegein1959.Heenteredmedicalschoolafteronlythreeyearsasdidfourorfiveofhisclassmates.〞Myfirstyearofmedicalschoolcountedasmysenioryear,whichmeantIhadtotakethreetofourlabsaweektogetallmysciencesin.Ibasicallyskippedmysenioryear,〞saysSergent.Hestillhadtimetobeastudentsenatorandmeethiswife.Thereare,however,drawbackstomovingthroughschoolatsuchabriskpace.Forone,itdeprivesstudentsoftheluxuryoftimetoroam(遨游)intellectually.Compressingeverythingintothreeyearsalsoleaveslesstimeforgrowingup,engaginginextracurricularactivities,andstudyingabroad.Oncrowdedcampusesitcouldmeanfeweropportunitiestogetintoaprizedprofessor’sclass.Iowa’sWaldorfCollegehasgraduatedseveralhundredstudentsinitsthree-yeardegreeprogram,butitnowphasingouttheoption.MostWaldorfstudentswantedthefullfour-yearexperience—academically,socially,andathletically.Andfacultymemberswillbewaryofanychangethatthreatensthecorecurriculuminthenameofmovingstudentsintotheworkforce.“Mosthighgovernmentalofficialsseemtoconceiveofeducationinthislight—asawaytoensureeconomiccompetitivenessandcontinuedeconomicgrowth,〞DerekBok,formerpresidentofHarvard,toldTheWashingtonPost.“Istronglydisagreewiththisapproach.〞Anotherrisk:thenewcampusschedulesmighteventuallyproducelessrevenuefortheinstitutionandlongerworkinghoursforfacultymembers.Adoptingathree-yearoptionwillnotcomeeasilytomostschool.ThosethatwishtotackletraditionandmakeAmericancampusmorecost-consciousmayfinditeasiertotakeTrachtenberg’sadvice:opencampusesyear-round.“Youcouldruntwocompletecolleges,withtwocompletefaculties,〞hesays.“That’swithoutcuttingthelengthofstudents’vacations,increasingclasssizes,orrequiringfacultytoteachmore.〞Whethertheyexperimentwiththree-yeardegrees,offeryear-roundclasses,challengethetenuresystem—oralloftheabove—universitiesareslowlyrealizingthattostaycompetitiveandrelevanttheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworld.Expandingthethree-yearoptionmaybedifficult,butitmaybelessdifficultthanaskingCongressforadditionalfinancialhelp,askinglegislatorsformorestatesupport,oraskingstudentsevenhighertuitionpayments.Campuseswillingtoadoptconvenientschedulesalongwithmorefocused,less-expensivedegreesmayfindthattheyhaveacompetitiveadvantageinattractingbright,motivatedstudents.ThesesortsofinnovationscanhelpAmericanuniversitiesavoidtheperilsofsuccess.注意：此局部試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。1. WhydidHartwickCollegestartthree-yeardegreeprograms?A)Tocreatechancesforthepoor.B)Tocutstudents’expenses.C)Toenrollmorestudents.D)Tosolveitsfinancialproblems.2. ByquotingStephenTrachtenbergtheauthorwantstosaythat.A)AmericanuniversitiesareresistanttochangeB)thesummervacationcontributestostudentgrowthC)collegefacilitiescouldbeputtomoreeffectiveuseD)thecostsofrunningauniversityaresoaring3. TheauthorthinksthetenuresysteminAmericanuniversities.A)suppressescreativethinkingB)createsconflictsamongcolleaguesC)guaranteesacademicfreedomD)isasignofagediscrimination4. Whatissaidaboutthenewthree-yeardegreeprogramatHartwick?A)Itsstudentshavetoearnmorecreditseachyear.B)Non-creditcoursesareeliminatedaltogether.C)Itsfacultymembersteachmorehoursaweek.D)Somesummercoursesareofferedfreeofcharge.5. WhatdowelearnaboutJudsonCollege’sthree-yeardegreeprogram?A)Ithasbeenrunningforseveraldecades.B)Itisopentothebrighteststudentsonly.C)Itisthemostsuccessfulinthecountry.D)Ithasmanypracticalcoursesonoffer.6. Whatchangesinhighschoolshelpstudentsearnundergraduatedegreesinthreeyears?A)Curriculumshavebeenadaptedtostudents’needs.B)Curriculumshavebeenadaptedtostudents’needs.C)Curriculumshavebeenadaptedtostudents’needs.D)Curriculumshavebeenadaptedtostudents’needs.7. Whatissaidtobeadrawbackofthethree-yearcollegeprogram?A)Studentshavetocopewithtooheavyaworkload.B)Studentsdon’thavemuchtimetoroamintellectually.C)Studentshavelittletimetogainpracticalexperience.D)Studentsdon’thaveprizedprofessorstoteachthem.8. Collegefacultymembersareafraidthatthepretextofmovingstudentsintotheworkforcemightposeathreatto______.9. Universitiesareincreasinglyawarethattheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworldinorderto______.10. Convenientacademicscheduleswithmore-focused,less-expensivedegreeswillbemoreattractiveto______.PartIII ListeningComprehension (35minutes)SectionADirections: Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.注意：此局部試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。11. A)TheseriousaccidentmayleaveAnnaparalyzed.B)ThemanhappenedtoseeAnnafallonherback.C)TheinjurywillconfineAnnatobedforquiteawhile.D)Thedoctor’stherapyhasbeenverysuccessful.12. A)Themancouldwatchtheballetwithher.B)Shehappenedtohaveboughttwotickets.C)Shecangetaballetticketfortheman.D)Herscheduleconflictswithhersister’s.13. A)Hewillsendsomeonerightaway.B)Hehastodootherrepairsfirst.C)Thewomancancalllaterthatday.D)Thewomancantrytofixitherself.14. A)Takeupcollectionnextweek.B)Givehiscontributionsometimelater.C)BuyanexpensivegiftforGemma.D)rrowsomemoneyfromthewoman.15. A)Declinetheinvitationasearlyaspossible.B)AskTonytoconveythankstohismother.C)TellTony’smotherthatsheeatsnomeat.D)Addmorefruitsandvegetablestoherdiet.16. A)Theincreasingcrimerate.B)Theimpactofmassmedia.C)Thecirculationofnewspapers.D)Thecoverageofnewspapers.17. A)Limitthenumberofparticipantsintheconference.B)Checkthenumberofpeoplewhohaveregistered.C)Providepeoplewithadviceoncareerdevelopment.D)Movetheconferencetoamorespaciousplace.18. A)Theapartmentisstillavailable.B)Theapartmentisclosetothecampus.C)Theadvertisementisoutdated.D)On-campushousingishardtosecure.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19. A)Totesthowresponsivedolphinsaretovarioussignals.B)Tofindoutifthefemaledolphinisclevererthanthemaleone.C)Toseeifdolphinscanlearntocommunicatewitheachother.D)Toexaminehowlongittakesdolphinstoacquireaskill.20. A)Producetheappropriatesound.B)Presstheright-handleverfirst.C)Raisetheirheadsabovethewater.D)Swimstraightintothesametank.21. A)Onlyonedolphinwasabletoseethelight.B)Themaledolphinreceivedmorerewards.C)Bothdolphinswereputinthesametank.D)Theleverwasbeyondthedolphins’reach.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22. A)Inabotanicalgarden.B)Inalectureroom.C)Inaresorttown.D)Onacattlefarm.23. A)Itisanidealplaceforpeopletoretireto.B)Itisatthecenterofthefashionindustry.C)Itremainsveryattractivewithitsmineralwaters.D)IthaskeptmanytraditionsfromVictoriantimes.24. A)Itwasnamedafteralandownerintheolddays.B)ItislocatedintheeasternpartofHarrogate.C)Itisprotectedasparklandbyaspeciallaw.D)Itwillbeusedasacenterforathletictraining.25. A)Thebeautifulflowers.B)Therefreshingair.C)Themineralwaters.D)Thevastgrassland.SectionBDirections: Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.注意：此局部試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.26. A)Heprovidescounselingforuniversitystudents.B)HeteachespsychologyatOhioStateUniversity.C)Hespecializesininterpersonalrelationships.D)Hehasexperiencetutoringbalckstudents.27. A)Studentswhoscoredlowstandardizedtests.B)Blackfreshmenwithhighstandardizedtestscores.C)Studentswhoareaccustomedtolivingindorms.D)Blackstudentsfromfamilieswithlowincomes.28. A)Theyatthecollegedormsattheendofthesemester.B)Theywereoftheuniversity’shousingpolicy.C)Theygenerallyspendmoretimetogetherthatwhitepairs.D)Theybrokeupmoreoftenthansame-raceroommates.29. A)Theirracialattitudesimproved.B)Theirtestscoresrosegradually.C)Theygrewboredofeachother.D)Theystarteddoingsimilaractivities.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30. A)Itwillbecomepopulargradually.B)Itwillchangetheconceptoffood.C)Ithasattractedworldwideattention.D)Itcanhelpsolveglobalfloodcrises.31. A)Ithasbeenincreasedovertheyears.B)IthasbeendrasticallycutbyNASA.C)Itisstillfarfrombeingsufficient.D)Itcomesregularlyfromitsdonors.32. A)Theyarelesshealthythanweexpected.B)Theyarenotasexpensiveasbelieve.C)Theyaremorenutritiousanddelicious.D)Theyarenotasnaturalaswebelieved.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33. A)Hehasbettermemoriesofchildhood.B)Hewasaccusedoffamilyviolence.C)Heisahabitualcriminal.D)Hewaswronglyimprisoned.34. A)Thejury’sprejudiceagainsthisrace.B)Theevidencefoundatthecrimescene.C)Thetwovictims’identification.D)Thetestimonyofhistwofriends.35. A)TheUSjudicialsystemhasmuchroomforimprovement.B)Frightenedvictimscanrarelymakecorrectidentification.C)Eyewitnessesareoftenmisledbythelayer’squestions.D)Manyfactorsinfluencetheaccuracyofwitnesstestimony.SectionCDirections: Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此局部試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。About700,000childreninMexicodroppedoutofschoollastyearasrecession-strickenfamiliespushedkidstowork,andaweakeconomicrecoverywillallowonlya(36)_________improvementinthedrop-outratein2024,atopeducation(37)_________said.Mexico’seconomysufferedmorethananyotherinLatinAmericalastyear,(38)_________anestimated7percentduetoa(39)_________inU.S.demandforMexicanexportssuchascars.The(40)_________ledtoa4percentincreaseinthenumberofkidswholeft(41)_________ormiddleschoolin2024,saidJuandeDiosCastro,who(42)_________thenation’sadulteducationprogramandkeepsaclosewatchondrop-outrates.“(43)_________roseandthatisafactorthatmakesourjobmoredifficult.〞CastrotoldReutersinaninterviewearlierthismonth.(44)___________________________________________________________________________________________________.Asaresult,drop-outrateswillnotimprovemuch,Castrosaid.“Therewillbesomeimprovement,butnotsignificant,〞Castrosaid.(45)___________________________________________________________________________________________________.Andchildrenoftensellcandyandcraftsinthestreetsorwordinrestaurants.(46)___________________________________________________________________________________________________.Mexico’spoliticianshaveresistedmendingthecountry’stax,energyandlaborlawsfordecades,leavingitseconomybehindcountriessuchasBrazilandChile.PartIV ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth) (25minutes)SectionADirections: Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Infaceofglobalwarming,muchefforthasbeenfocusedonreducinggreenhousegasemissionsthroughavarietyofstrategies.Butwhilemuchoftheresearchandinnovationhasconcentratedonfindingless-pollutingenergyalternatives,itmaybedecadesbeforecleantechnologieslikewindandsolarmeetasignificantportionofourenergyneeds.Inthemeantime,theamountofCO2intheairisrapidlyapproachingthelimitsproposedbytheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC).“Aslongaswe’reconsumingfossilfuels,we’reputtingoutCO2,〞saysKlausLackner,ageophysicistatColumbia,University〞WecannotlettheCO2intheatmosphereriseindefinitely.〞ThatsenseofurgencyhasincreasedinterestincapturingandstoringCO2,whichtheIPCCsayscouldprovidethemorethan50%reductioninemissionsthoughtneededtoreduceglobalwarming.“Weseethepotentialforcaptureandstoragetoplayanintegralroleinreducingemissions,〞saysKimCorley,Shell’ssenioradvisorofCO2andenvironmentalaffairs.Thatforwardthinkingstrategyisgainingsupport.TheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyrecentlyproposedputting$1billionintoanew$2.4billioncoal-burningenergyplant.Theplant’scarbon-capturetechnologieswouldserveasapilotprojectforothernewcoal-burningplants.Butwhatdoyoudowiththegasonceyou’vecapturedit?Oneoptionistoputittonewuses.DakotaGasificationofNorthDakotacapturesCO2ataplantthatconvertscoalintosyntheticnaturalgas.Itthenshipsthegas200milesbypipelinetoCanada,whereitispumpedundergroundinoilrecoveryoperations.IntheNetherlands,ShelldeliversCO2tofarmerswhopipeitintotheirgreenhouses,increasingtheiryieldoffruitsandvegetables.However,scientistssaythatthescaleofCO2emissionswillrequirevastamountsoflong-termstorage.SomeproposestoringtheCO2incoalminesorliquidstorageintheocean,ShellfavorsstoringCO2indeepgeologicalstructuressuchassaline(鹽的)formationsandexhaustedoilandgasfieldsthatexistthroughouttheworld.47. Whataresuggestedasrenewableandless-pollutingenergyalternatives?48. WhatdoestheauthorsayisaforwardthinkingstrategyconcerningthereductionofCO2emissions?49. OnewayofhandingthecapturedCO2assuggestedbytheauthoristostoreitand.50. ThroughusingCO2,Dutchfarmershavebeenableto.51. Long-termstorageofCO2isnoeasyjobbecauseof.SectionBDirections: Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggenerallyproducesthebestresults.That'spartiallybecauseitappearspeoplewhosetrealisticgoalsactuallyworkmoreefficiently,andexertmoreeffort,toachievethosegoals.What'sfarlessunderstoodbyscientists,however,arethepotentiallyharmfuleffectsofgoal-setting.Newspapersrelaydailyaccountsofgoal-settingprevalentinindustriesandbusinessesupanddownbothWallStreetandMainStreet,yettherehasbeensurprisinglylittleresearchonhowthelong-trumpetedpracticeofsettinggoalsmayhavecontributedtothecurrenteconomiccrisis,andunethical〔不道德的〕behavioringeneral.“Goalsarewidelyusedandpromotedashavingreallybeneficialeffects.Andyet,thesamemotivationthatcanpushpeopletoexertmoreeffortinaconstructivewaycouldalsomotivatepeopletobemorelikelytoengageinunethicalbehaviors,〞saysMauriceSchweitzer,anassociateprofessoratPenn’sWhartonSchool.“Itturnsoutthere’snoeconomicbenefittojusthavingagoal---youjustgetapsychologicalbenefit〞Schweitzersays.“Butinmanycases,goalshaveeconomicrewardsthatmakethemmorepowerful.〞AprimeexampleSchweitzerandhiscolleaguesciteisthe2024collapseofenergy-tradinggiantEnron,wheremanagersusedfinancialincentivestomotivatesalesmentomeetspecificrevenuegoals.Theproblem,Schweitzersays,istheactualtradeswerenotprofitable.Otherstudieshaveshownthatsaddlingemployeeswithunrealisticgoalscancompelthemtolie,cheatorsteal.Suchwasthecaseintheearly1990swhenSearsimposedasalesquotaonitsautorepairstaff.Itpromptedemployeestooverchargeforworkandtocompleteunnecessaryrepairsonacompanywidebasis.Schweitzerconcedeshisresearchrunscountertoaverylargebodyofliteraturethatcommendsthemanybenefitsofgoal-setting.Advocatesofthepracticehavetakenissuewithhisteam’suseofsuchevidenceasnewsaccountstosupporthisconclusionthatgoal-settingiswidelyover-prescribed.Inarebuttal(反駁)paper,Dr.EdwinLockewrites:“Goal-settingisnotgoingaway.Organizationscannotthrivewithoutbeingfocusedontheirdesiredendresultsanymorethananindividualcanthrivewithoutgoalstoprovideasenseofpurpose.〞ButSchweitzercontendsthe“mountingcausalevidence〞linkinggoal-settingandharmfulbehaviorshouldbestudiedtohelpspotlightissuesthatmeritcautionandfurtherinvestigation.“Evenafewnegativeeffectscouldbesolargethattheyoutweighmanypositiveeffects,〞hesays.“Goal-settingdoeshelpcoordinateandmotivatepeople.Myideawouldbetocombinethatwithcarefuloversight,astrongorganizationalculture,andmakesurethegoalsthatyouusearegoingtobeconstructiveandnotsignificantlyharmtheorganization,〞Schweitzersays.注意：此局部試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。52. Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyaboutgoal-setting?A)Itsnegativeeffectshavelongbeenneglected.B)Thegoalincreasepeople’sworkefficiency.C)Itsrolehasbeenlargelyunderestimated.D)Thegoalsmostpeoplesetareunrealistic.53. WhatdoesMauriceSchweitzerwanttoshowbycitingtheexampleofEnron?A)Settingrealisticgoalscanturnafailingbusinessintosuccess.B)Businessesarelesslikelytosucceedwithoutsettingrealisticgoals.C)Financialincentivesensurecompaniesmeetspecificrevenuegoals.D)Goalswithfinancialrewardshavestrongmotivationalpower.54. HowdidSears’goal-settingaffectitsemployees?A)Theywereobligedtoworkmorehourstoincreasetheirsales.B)Theycompetedwithoneanothertoattractmorecustomers.C)Theyresortedtounethicalpracticetomeettheirsalesquota.D)Theyimprovedtheircustomerserviceonacompanywidebasis.55. Whatdoadvocatesofgoal-settingthinkofSchweitzer’sresearch?A)Itsfindingsarenotofmuchpracticalvalue.B)Itexaggeratesthesideeffectsofgoal-setting.C)Itsconclusionisnotbasedonsolidscientificevidence.D)Itrunscountertotheexistingliteratureonthesubject.56. WhatisSchweitzer’scontentionagainstEdwinLocke?A)Thelinkbetweengoal-settingandharmfulbehaviordeservesfurtherstudy.B)Goal-settinghasbecometoodeep-rootedincorporateculture.C)Thepositiveeffectsofgoal-settingoutweighitsnegativeeffects.D)Studyinggoal-settingcanthrowmorelightonsuccessfulbusinesspractices.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Formostofthe20thcentury,Asiaaskeditselfwhatitcouldlearnfromthemodern,innovatingWest.Nowthequestionmustbereversed.WhatcantheWest’soverlyindebtedandsluggish(經(jīng)濟(jì)滯長的)nationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?Justafewdecadesago,Asia’stwogiantswerestagnating(停滯不前)underfaultyeconomicideologies.However,onceChinabeganembracingfree-marketreformsinthe1980s,followedbyIndiainthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.Crucially,astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,theybalancedmarketeconomywithsensiblegovernmentdirection.AstheIndianeconomistAmartyaSenhaswiselysaid,“Theinvisiblehandofthemarkethasoftenreliedheavilyonthevisiblehandofgovernment.〞ContrastthismiddlepathwithAmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachgo