2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義Unit1PeopleofAchievement新人教版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)含答案

Unit1PeopleofAchievementYuanLongpingiswidelyacknowledgedasChina’s"fatherofhybridrice".Upongraduation，Yuantookupapositionasateacherinacollege.Heinsistedonstudyingagriculturewhileteaching.In1960，ProfessorYuanunexpectedlyfoundan"outstanding"riceplantwithexcellentproperties.Hecarefullyanalyseditandcametotheconclusionthatthisextraordinaryricewasanaturalhybridrice.Thiscrucialfindingfueledhisenthusiasmforthestudyofhybridrice.Despiteencounteringnumerousdifficulties，hecontinuedhisscientificresearchunderhardcircumstanceswithgreatpassion.Asaconsequence，Yuanandhisteamobtainedremarkablesuccess，significantlyimprovingChina’sriceoutput.Tosumup，Yuancommittedallhislifetodefeatinghunger.Yuanpassedawayin2021，aged91，andthewholenationmournedhisdeath.HewillbeforeverrememberedbyChinesepeopleandthemit（committed；committed；committing）vt.做出（錯(cuò)或非法的事）；犯（罪或錯(cuò)等）；花（錢或時(shí)間）；承諾；保證vi.忠于（某個(gè)人、機(jī)構(gòu)等）；全心全意投入（工作、活動(dòng)等）1.[人教選必①－5]Heisaverygoodactorandhecommitshimselftoeveryrolethathetakeson.2.[外研選必③－3]Drivenbyasenseofcommitment（commit），agreatmanyjoinedthearmytoresisttheJapaneseinvadersanddefendthehonourofthenation.3.Thoughjournalistsarecommittedtopresenting（present）thetruth，itisbettertouseourownjudgementthanrelyentirelyonthenewsreports.4.MrLiisacommitted（commit）teacher，whoisverypopularamongstudents.點(diǎn)撥此處committed作形容詞，表示"盡心盡力的，堅(jiān)定的"，可用于寫(xiě)作中對(duì)人物品質(zhì)的描述。5.ZhongNanshancommitshimselftomedicalresearch，andwasawardedtheMedaloftheRepublic. （人物介紹）→①Committinghimselftomedicalresearch，ZhongNanshanwasawardedtheMedaloftheRepublic.（現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)）→②ZhongNanshan，committedtomedicalresearch，wasawardedtheMedaloftheRepublic.（過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)）6.直到那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到我犯了個(gè)巨大的錯(cuò)誤，窘得滿臉通紅。 （讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之心理描寫(xiě)）OnlythendidIrealisethatIhadcommittedabigmistake.Myfaceglowedwithembarrassment.（"only＋狀語(yǔ)"位于句首的倒裝）★commitoneselfto（doing）sth.承諾/保證（做某事、遵守協(xié)議或遵從安排等）commit...to...投入……于……commitsth.犯（錯(cuò)）等★commitmentn.承諾；投入；奉獻(xiàn)makeacommitmenttodosth.保證/承諾做某事★committedadj.盡心盡力的，堅(jiān)定的becommittedto（doing）sth.致力于（做）某事2acknowledgevt.承認(rèn)（屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等）；（公開(kāi)）感謝1.TraditionalChinesemedicineiswidelyacknowledgedtobe（be）effectiveinthefightagainsttheseveredisease.2.Iwassentafreecopyinacknowledgement（acknowledge）ofmycontribution.3.Igreatlythankyouforthehelpyouhavegivenme.→Igreatlyacknowledgethehelpyouhavegivenme.（詞語(yǔ)升級(jí)）點(diǎn)撥表示"感謝，感激"的詞或短語(yǔ)，除了thanksb.forsth.外，還有acknowledge/appreciatesth.和begratefultosb.forsth.。4.普遍認(rèn)為，讀好書(shū)可以豐富我們的思想，教我們明辨是非。It’suniversally/widelyacknowledgedthatreadinggoodbookscanenrichourmindsandteachustodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.點(diǎn)撥"明辨是非"的其他表達(dá)：tell/distinguishrightfromwrong，tellthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong★acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth.承認(rèn)做過(guò)某事acknowledge...as/tobe...認(rèn)為……是……It’suniversally/widelyacknowledgedthat...普遍認(rèn)為……★acknowledgementn.承認(rèn)inacknowledgementof...以回答……；以感謝……3insistvt.&vi.堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)決要求1.[人教選必②－3]Forexample，scientistshaveinsistedforyearsthatabigenemyofhealthis（be）fattyfood.2.[北師必修③－9]IkepttellinghimthatIknewthewaymyself，butheinsistedontaking（take）methere.3.媽媽堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為我不該放棄，而應(yīng)該全力以赴?！費(fèi)ymotherinsistedthatIshouldnotgiveup，buttrymybest.（insistthat）→②Mymotherinsistedonmytryingmybestinsteadofgivingup.（insiston，insteadof）★insiston/upon（sb./sb.’s）doingsth.堅(jiān)決要求（某人）做某事★insistthat...①表示"堅(jiān)持/堅(jiān)決要求……"時(shí)，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即從句謂語(yǔ)用"（should＋）動(dòng)詞原形"。②表示"堅(jiān)持說(shuō)/堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為……"時(shí)，從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。4conclusionn.結(jié)論；推論；最后1.WhenChrisbroughthisspeechtoaniceconclusion（conclude），Whaley，histeacher，invitedtherestoftheclasstoapplaudhim.2.Heconcludedfromtheirremarksthattheywerenotinfavouroftheplan.3.SoIcometo/arriveat/reach/drawaconclusion（得出結(jié)論）thatifyouwantagreatcareer，youneedtocommityourselftosomethingmeaningful.（conclusion）4.總之，急需共同努力來(lái)?yè)尵任覀兊膫鹘y(tǒng)文化瑰寶。 （傳統(tǒng)文化）Inconclusion，jointeffortsareurgentlyneededtorescueourtraditionalculturaltreasures.點(diǎn)撥conclusion/conclude常出現(xiàn)在科研類或科普類說(shuō)明文中，用于總結(jié)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)或觀點(diǎn)。如：☆[2022北京]Crystalknewthatvisionsalonedon’tproduceresults，butconcludedthat"we’llneverproduceresultsthatwecan’tenvision".☆[2020北京]Inconclusion，positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone’slife.★inconclusion最后；總而言之cometo/arriveat/reach/drawaconclusion得出結(jié)論jumptoconclusions匆忙下結(jié)論bring...toaconclusion使……結(jié)束★concludevt.推斷出vt.&vi.結(jié)束，終止concludesth.（fromsth.）（從……中）推斷出/斷定……5circumstancen.（usuallypl.）條件；環(huán)境；狀況1.[北師選必②－5]Sometimesweneedtobeflexibleandadapttochangingcircumstances（circumstance）.2.Ifcircumstancespermit/allow（如果情況允許的話），theworkwillbeginonMonday.3.在任何情況下，我們都不能在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上將我們的個(gè)人信息泄露給陌生人。 （建議信）Under/InnocircumstancesshouldwegiveawayourpersonalinformationtostrangersontheInternet.（倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)）點(diǎn)撥表示"絕不"的其他短語(yǔ)：innoway；onnoaccount；bynomeans。這些短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)，句子都需要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)?！飖nder/inthecircumstances在這種情況下，既然如此under/innocircumstances在任何情況下決不，無(wú)論如何不（放在句首時(shí)句子要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)）★ifcircumstancespermit/allow如果情況允許的話6consequencen.結(jié)果；后果1.Ididn’tkeepmypromise.Inconsequence，hegotveryangryatme.2.Johnwascommittedtohisstudy.Consequently（consequent），hegainedadmissiontoZhejiangUniversity.3.在過(guò)去的幾年里，大量垃圾被傾倒進(jìn)海洋中。因此，許多海洋物種正面臨滅絕的威脅。（倡議）Thepastyearshavewitnessedlargeamountsofwastedumpedintotheoceans.Asaconsequence/Inconsequence，manymarinespeciesareunderthreatofextinction.（consequence）★asaconsequence/inconsequence（＝asaresult）結(jié)果asaconsequenceof/inconsequenceof（＝asaresultof）由于★consequentadj.隨之發(fā)生的consequentlyadv.因此；結(jié)果7takeupaposition擔(dān)任；任職1.結(jié)合語(yǔ)境寫(xiě)出下列句子中畫(huà)線部分的含義①[外研必修①－1]After-schoolactivitiesalsoplayapartwhenstudentsapplytocollege.However，theycantakeupalotoftime，sostudentshavetolearntoorganisetheirbusyschedules.占用②MrSmithlastyeartookupapositionasadesignerinthenewcompany. 開(kāi)始從事③LangPingbecameastarinChinabecauseofhersuccess，herpositiveattitudeandherabilitytotakeupchallenges. 接受2.Takedowntheimportantpointsinclasssothatyoucangooverthemafterclass.3.I’mgoingtotakeaweekoff（休一周假）andBriggswilltakeoverthebusiness（接管業(yè)務(wù)）whenI’maway.★takeup拿起；占用；開(kāi)始從事；接受takeoff脫下；起飛；事業(yè)騰飛；休假takein吸收；理解；收留；欺騙takeover接管；接任takeon呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔(dān)takedown寫(xiě)下，記下；拆除takeapart拆開(kāi)，拆卸8sumup總結(jié)，概括1.[北師選必①－3]Tosum（sum）up，despiteproducingcheapfood，factoryfarmingisbadfortheplanetandfortheanimalsthemselves.點(diǎn)撥表示"總之，總而言之"的歸納總結(jié)性短語(yǔ)除了tosumup和insum外還有inconclusion，inshort，inbrief，insummary，allinall等。2.這個(gè)年輕人冒著生命危險(xiǎn)從火海中救人。他因勇敢而得到一大筆金錢獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。Theyoungmanriskedhisownlifetosavepeoplefromthefire.Hewasrewardedwithalargesumofmoneyforhisbravery.3.總之，他對(duì)教育的奉獻(xiàn)為他贏得了當(dāng)?shù)厝说淖鹬亍?（人物介紹）Insum，hiscommitmenttoeducationearnshimthelocalpeople’srespect.★tosumup總之a(chǎn)largesumofmoney一大筆錢insum總而言之9upon/on＋doing/n.一……就……1.[外研必修③－2]Onleaving（leave）school，WintonworkedinbanksinGermanyandFrance.2.Uponherretirement（retire）fromtheuniversity，theprofessortookupapositionincharity.3.一到海灘，我們就開(kāi)始清理沖到岸邊的垃圾。 （環(huán)境保護(hù)）→①Uponarrival/arrivingatthebeach，westartedtocleanupthelitterwashedashore.（upon＋n./doing）→②Themomentwearrivedatthebeach，westartedtocleanupthelitterwashedashore.（themoment）→③Immediatelywearrivedatthebeach，westartedt