高中英語選擇性Unit1PeopleofAchievement重點單詞短語句型（學生版）

高中英語【人教版2019】選擇性必修第一冊Unit1PeopleofAchievement重點單詞短語句型【問題查找】Ⅰ.重點單詞1.crucialadj._________________ 2.vitaladj._________________3.objectiven./adj._________________ 4.propertyn._________________5.extractn./vt._________________ 6.wormwoodn._________________7.boilvt.&vi._________________ 8.liquidn./adj._________________9.obtainvt./vi._________________ 10.defeatn./vt._________________11.substancen._________________ 12.insistvi.&vt._________________13.physiologyn._________________ 14.mittedadj._________________15.academyn._________________ 16.botanicaladj._________________17.evaluatevt._________________ 18.distinctadj._________________19.acknowledgevt._________________ 20.analysevt._________________21.apparentlyadv._________________ 22.scientificadj._________________Ⅱ.核心短語1.________________________成千上萬 2.________________________導致3.________________________死于 4.________________________承諾；保證5.________________________起初 6.________________________一批；一堆7.________________________偶然；意外地8.________________________超過，多于9.________________________堅決要求【要點精講】【重點單詞】1.vitaladj.必不可少的；至關(guān)重要的；充滿生機的【原句復(fù)現(xiàn)】Artemisininhasbeeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria，andisthoughttosave100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.青蒿素已經(jīng)成為治療瘧疾的重要組成部分，而且人們認為每年僅在非洲就可以挽救十萬條生命?！練w納拓展】bevitalto/for...對……是至關(guān)重要的Itisvitaltodo...做……很重要Itisvitalthat...……是十分重要的(從句中的謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，should可省略)?！炯磳W即練】(1)Iftheinjuriesaresecondorthirddegreeburns，________________________getthevictimtothedoctororhospitalatonce.(2)Considerationforotherpeople________________________allofus.(3)Itisvitalto____________(protect)wildanimalsinmodernsociety.(4)Itisvitalthathe____________(attend)themeetingorganizedbytheacademy.2.mittedadj.盡心盡力的；堅信的；堅定的，效忠的【原句復(fù)現(xiàn)】TuYouyou，amittedandpatientscientist，wasborninNingbo，China，on30December1930，andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.屠呦呦，一位堅定而耐心的科學家，1930年12月30日生于中國寧波，1955年畢業(yè)于北京大學醫(yī)學院。【歸納拓展】※bemittedto對……忠誠；致力于……mitvt.做出(錯事或非法的事)；犯(罪或錯等)；承諾；保證vi.忠于；全心全意投入mitacrime犯罪mitoneselfto＝devoteoneselfto專心致志于，獻身于※mitmentn．承諾；保證【即學即練】(1)Mostcrimes________________________byyoungmeninthatarea.(2)Theoldwomanismitted________________________(take)careofthepoorchildren.(3)Shedoesn’twanttomakeabigemotional____________(mit)toSteveatthemoment.[高級表達](4)Asshewasmittedtotheproject，sheseldomplayedwithherchildren.(用形容詞短語作狀語改寫)→____________________________________________________________________________________3.objectiven．目標；目的adj.客觀的【原句復(fù)現(xiàn)】In1967，theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria，andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.1967年，中國政府組建了一支以探索治療瘧疾新方法為目的的科學隊伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入選的研究人員。【歸納拓展】※objectionn．不贊成；反對；異議haveanobjectionto...反對……※objectvi.不贊成，反對n．目標；物體；客體；賓語objectto(doing)sth.反對(做)某事[一句多譯](3)就我而言，我是反對在辦公室里吸煙的。①________________________________________________________________________(objection)②________________________________________________________________________(object)③________________________________________________________________________(against)4.distinctadj.清晰的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的【原句復(fù)現(xiàn)】Fromtheirresearch，theydiscoveredandtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria.在他們的研究中，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)并測試了380種不同的中國古代醫(yī)療方法，這些方法在抗擊瘧疾方面顯示出了希望。【歸納拓展】※bedistinctfrom...與……不同※distinctionn．差別；區(qū)分；卓著；不同凡響makeadistinctionbetween對……加以區(qū)分withoutdistinction無差別地；一視同仁地【即學即練】(1)Theoldmanobjects____________(pay)somuchmoneyformilk.(2)Tohissurprise，therearesomanypeople____________(object)totheplan.【即學即練】(1)Thenewlawmakesno____________(distinct)betweenadultsandchildren.[一句多譯](2)那兩個想法截然不同。①________________________________________________________________________(different)②________________________________________________________________________(distinct)5.acknowledgevt.承認；確認；感謝；告知收到(信件等)【原句復(fù)現(xiàn)】However，TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.然而，屠呦呦沒有承認失敗?！練w納拓展】acknowledge(doing)sth.承認(做了)某事acknowledgethat...承認……acknowledgesth./sb.tobe/as...承認某事/某人是……Itis(universally/generally)acknowledgedthat...……是大家公認的【即學即練】(1)Wegratefully____________thecontributionsofeveryonewhohelpedus.我們衷心感謝每一位幫助過我們的人所付出的努力。(2)She________________________thebesttennisplayerintheworld.她被公認為是世界上最好的網(wǎng)球手。(3)____________________________________thefilmDearestwasasuccess.人們公認，電影《親愛的》非常成功。[句型轉(zhuǎn)換](4)Heneveracknowledgesthathehasmadeamistake.(改為簡單句)→________________________________________________________________________6.defeatvt.打敗，戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫；使困惑n．失敗【歸納拓展】※defeatsb.擊敗某人※sufferaseriousdefeat遭受嚴重的挫敗[易混辨析]defeat，beat，win※defeat和beat后都接sb.作賓語。在游戲和比賽中常用beat，側(cè)重于比賽中擊敗對手；defeat既可以指比賽，又可以指戰(zhàn)場上戰(zhàn)勝對手。※win后接比賽、辯論、戰(zhàn)斗、獎品等名詞，表示“榮獲，贏得”。【即學即練】(1)Theplayer____________(defeat)inthegame，buthedidn’tloseheart.[選詞填空]defeat，beat，win(2)We____________dtheirteambytenpoints.(3)TheyounggirlfromChina____________theraceatlast.(4)Inthatbattle，oursoldiers____________theenemy.7.apparentlyadv.顯而易見地；看來；顯然【原句復(fù)現(xiàn)】Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.她得出結(jié)論說，煮青蒿顯然破壞了它的藥用價值?！練w納拓展】apparentadj.顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的be/beeapparentto對……來說很明顯Itisapparent(tosb.)that...(對某人來說)……是明顯的。【即學即練】(1)Ithoughthehadfoundanewjob，but____________(apparently)hehasn’t.(2)Thesolutiontotheproblemwas/became____________(apparently)toall.(3)____________________________________heknewnothingabouthowtorepaircars.很明顯，他對修車一竅不通。8.conclusionn．結(jié)論；結(jié)束Didyouetoanyconclusions？你得出結(jié)論了嗎？【歸納拓展】※reach/arriveat/draw/etoaconclusion得出結(jié)論inconclusion＝toconclude總之，最后makeaconclusion下結(jié)論※concludev．結(jié)束；推斷出，斷定conclude...from...從……中推斷出……conclude(fromsth.)that...(從某事中)推斷出……；(從某事中)斷定……conclude...with.../bydoing...以……結(jié)束……【即學即練】(1)我們能從這次談話中得出什么結(jié)論？______________________________________________________________________________________(2)沒有充分的證據(jù)，我們不能下結(jié)論。______________________________________________________________________________________9.contributionn．貢獻；捐款；捐贈Hemadenumerouscontributionstotheworld，themostwellknownbeingthegeneraltheoryofrelativityandthefamousformulaE＝mc2.他對世界做出了很大的貢獻，其中最著名的是廣義相對論和著名的公式E＝mc2。【歸納拓展】1※makeacontribution/contributionsto(doing)sth.為(做)某事作出貢獻※contributev．貢獻；捐獻，捐助；投稿contributeto為……作貢獻；有助于；促成contribute...to...把……貢獻給……；為……捐款；向……投稿【即學即練】1(1)每個人都應(yīng)為保護環(huán)境作出貢獻。______________________________________________________________________________________(2)有規(guī)律的鍛煉會有助于你的健康。______________________________________________________________________________________【歸納拓展】2※ingeneral總的來說，通常(相當于generally)asageneralrule一般而言；通常，總之※generallyadv.一般地；通常地generallyspeaking一般而言【即學即練】2(1)________________________，parentscaremoreabouttheirchildren’shealththanabouttheirown.(2)________________________，though，studyinginternationalcustomscancertainlyhelpavoiddifficultiesintoday’sworldofculturalcrossroads!10.remarkableadj.非凡的；顯著的；不尋常的Apartfromhisremarkableachievements，whatdoesthepassagetellusaboutEinstein’slife？除了他卓越的成就，關(guān)于愛因斯坦的生活，這篇文章還告訴了我們什么？【歸納拓展】※beremarkablefor以……著稱※remarkn．談?wù)?；言論；評述vt.&vi.談?wù)?；評論；說起makearemark/remarkson/upon對……發(fā)表意見remarkthat...評論……，說……remarkon/upon談?wù)?評論……※remarkablyadv.不尋常地【即學即練】(1)Thesecarsare____________(remark)forthequietnessoftheirengines.(2)Mylifeimproved____________(remark)whenIdiscoveredart.(3)Theeditor____________(remark)thatthearticlewaswellwritten.【重點短語】1.morethan超過，多于【原句復(fù)現(xiàn)】Afterfailingmorethan190times，theteamfinallysucceededin1971.在失敗了190多次以后，這個團隊終于在1971年成功了?！練w納拓展】※morethan可放在數(shù)詞前，意為“超過，多于”；放在名詞前，表示“不只是，不僅”；放在形容詞或副詞前，意為“非常，很”?！鵰ore...than...比……更……，與其說……倒不如說……【即學即練】他不僅是我的朋友，他還是我的老師。______________________________________________________________________________________2.insiston/upon(doing)sth.堅決要求(做)某事【原句復(fù)現(xiàn)】TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsistedontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.屠呦呦和她的團隊成員甚至堅持在自己身上測試藥物，以確保它是安全的?！練w納拓展】在“insistthat...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，當insist作“堅持主張，堅決要求”講時，其后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略；當insist作“堅持說，堅持認為”講時，其后的賓語從句用陳述語氣。【即學即練】(1)我想步行去車站，但是他堅持要開車送我去。______________________________________________________________________________________(2)這個年輕人堅持說他沒有偷那輛自行車。______________________________________________________________________________________3.etopower上臺，當權(quán)(表示動作，不能和一段時間連用)【原句復(fù)現(xiàn)】Circumstanceschangedin1933，whenHitlercametopowerinGermany.1933年，當希特勒在德國掌權(quán)時，情況發(fā)生了變化?！練w納拓展】※powern．能力；力量；權(quán)力；職權(quán)；政權(quán)；電力供應(yīng)beinpower掌權(quán)，執(zhí)政(表示狀態(tài)，可以和一段時間連用)havethepowertodosth.具有做某事的能力/權(quán)力beyond/outofone’spower某人力所不能及的※powerfuladj.強有力的【即學即練】(1)Couldyoutellmewhenthenewpresident______________?(2)Shehadthepowerto____________(control)thesituation.(3)Iamsorryit’s______________tomakesuchadecision.(4)Thiskindofanimalshassome____________(power)teeth.4.asaconsequence＝inconsequence結(jié)果；因此【原句復(fù)現(xiàn)】Asaconsequence，hehadtofleeGermany.結(jié)果，他不得不逃離德國?！練w納拓展】※consequencen．結(jié)果；后果；影響asaconsequenceof＝inconsequenceof由于……的緣故※consequentadj.作為結(jié)果的；隨之發(fā)生的※consequentlyadv.所以；因此；結(jié)果【即學即練】(1)Itrainedyesterday.______________________，thematchwascancelled.(2)Mycarbrokedownand______________(consequent)Iwaslate.5.takeup拿起；接受；開始從事；繼續(xù)；占據(jù)(時間、空間等)【原句復(fù)現(xiàn)】AfterspendingtimeinEurope，hefinallytookupapositionasaresearcherattheInstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton，USA.在歐洲待了一段時間后，他最終在美國普林斯頓大學高等研究院擔任研究員?！練w納拓展】takein收留(某人)；吸收；領(lǐng)會，理解；欺騙；包括takeoff(飛機等)起飛；脫下；成功，成名；(突然)離開；休假takeon呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔takeover接管takeout取出，切除，摘除常見的“動詞＋up”型短語還有：①putup修建；舉起；張貼②goup上升，上漲③turnup出現(xiàn)；把聲音調(diào)大④bringup提出；養(yǎng)育；嘔吐⑤giveup放棄【即學即練】[一詞多義]寫出下列句子中takeup的漢語意思(1)Infact，surfingtheInternettakesupmostofhertime.___________(2)Theteachertookupthelessonwhereheleftofflastweek.___________(3)Peterwilltakeupthemanagementofthefinancedepartment.___________(4)Thecityhasbeendevelopingveryfastandithastakenonanewlook.___________(5)Theyoungmanwilltakeoverthepanywhenhisfatherisold.___________【經(jīng)典句式】1.Inthebeginning，TuYouyouwenttoHainan，wheremalariawasmoremon，tostudymalariapatients.起初，屠呦呦去了瘧疾比較普遍的海南，研究瘧疾患者?！練w納拓展】這是一個復(fù)合句。where在句中引導定語從句，修飾先行詞Hainan。※當先行詞為system，case，point，position，situation，stage，condition，industry，activity，job，race，scene，circumstance等且關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語時，常用where引導定語從句，表示抽象地點?！斚刃性~stage，occasion等表示時間且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時，用when引導?！炯磳W即練】(1)有時我從我工作的餐館帶食物回家。_____________________________________________________________________________________(2)學生們應(yīng)該參加一些他們能獲得經(jīng)驗的活動。_____________________________________________________________________________________2.In1967，theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria，andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.1967年，中國政府組建了一支以探索治療瘧疾新方法為目的的科學隊伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入選的研究人員?！練w納拓展】※chosen為過去分詞作定語，相當于定語從句whichischosen?！鶈蝹€的過去分詞作定語往往置于被修飾的名詞的前面；過去分詞短語作定語常置于被修飾的名詞的后面。及物動詞的ed形式表示被動和完成意義；不及物動詞的ed形式僅僅表示完成?！袝r為了強調(diào)還可將單一的分詞置于被修飾名詞之后?！炯磳W即練】(1)這個2017年建造的公園已經(jīng)吸引了很多游客。_____________________________________________________________________________________(2)穿白色衣服的那個學生是我女兒。_____________________________________________________________________________________3.Whileworkingthere，outofastrongpassionforknowledge，hecontinuedtostudy，earningadoctorateinphysicsin1905.當(愛因斯坦)在那里工作時，出于對知識的強烈熱情，他繼續(xù)學習，在1905年獲得了物理學博士學位?！練w納拓展】句中Whileworkingthere是狀語從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu)，完整句為：Whilehewasworkingthere。狀語從句的省略條件：※當主句的主語和從句的主語一致且從句中含有be動詞的某種形式，這時可以將從句的主語和be動詞一起省略；※如果從句的主語是it，且從句中含有be動詞，這時也可以將it和be動詞一起省略?！炯磳W即練】(1)她在車站等車時，遇到了那位著名的主編。_____________________________________________________________________________________(2)如果可能的話，今年夏天我將去看望我的老師。_____________________________________________________________________________________4.Hehadathickmoustacheandlongwhitehair，whichsometimesstoodonendasthoughhehadjustreceivedanelectricshock.他留著濃密的小胡子和長長的白發(fā)，有時頭發(fā)豎立著，好像剛挨了電擊似的。【歸納拓展】asthough/if，意為“似乎，好像”，用在seem，look等系動詞之后引導表語從句。asthough/if還可引導方式狀語從句。若asthough/if從句描述非現(xiàn)實情況，則用虛擬語氣。※當從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況時，謂語動詞用一般過去時(be動詞一般用were)；※當從句表示與過去事實相反的情況時，謂語動詞用過去完成時(had＋過去分詞)；※當從句表示與將來事實相反的情況時，謂語動詞用“would/could/might＋動詞原形”。注意：若從句描述的情況發(fā)生的可能性很大，則不用虛擬語氣?！炯磳W即練】(1)看起來我是第一個到這里的。_____________________________________________________________________________________(2)那個長頭發(fā)的男青年看上去好像是個女的。_____________________________________________________________________________________5.On18April1955，itwasreportedthatEinsteinhadpassedaway，andthewholeworldmournedthegreatlossofabrilliantscientist.1955年4月18日，據(jù)報道，愛因斯坦去世了，全世界都為失去這位杰出的科學家而哀悼?！練w納拓展】※本句屬于“It＋be＋過去分詞＋that...”，其中that引導主語從句，it是形式主語。※Itisbelievedthat...人們相信……Itissaidthat...據(jù)說……Itisthoughtthat...人們認為……Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報道……Itisknownthat...眾所周知……※上述句型可改為sb./sth.isbelieved/said/thought/...todo/tobedoing/tohavedone，根據(jù)動詞不定式和謂語動詞之間的時間關(guān)系來確定使用不定式的一般式、進行式還是完成式。【即學即練】(1)人們認為，吃糖太多對健康有害。_____________________________________________________________________________________(2)Johnissaidtobeoneofthebestteachersintheschool.(改為：It＋be＋過去分詞＋that...)→__________________________________________________________________________________【查漏補缺】一、單句語法填空1．Ourcountrymadea______________(mit)topaying$50,000totheRedCross.2．Theyinsiston______________(give)everydetailofthecase.3．It’sdifficultformetomakea______________(distinct)betweenthetwins.4．After______________(defeat)byherpartneragain，thegirldecidedtofindanewway.5．Thefilmfestivalis______________(acknowledge)asaneventofinternationalimportance.6．______________(apparent)，hetoldalietohisparents，sayinghehadpassedtheexam.二、完成句子1．我們準備談一談上次會上討論的問題。_____________________________________________________________________________________2．他考試又失敗了。依我看來，與其說他笨倒不如說他懶。_____________________________________________________________________________________3．他們堅持要他出席這次儀式。_____________________________________________________________________________________4．我買這本書的那個書店離這里不遠。_____________________________________________________________________________________5．我們都知道，定期散步對我們的健康有很大的好處。_____________________________________________________________________________________6．她是第三次贏得比賽了，這讓我們都很吃驚。_____________________________________________________________________________________7．金先生的雙腿嚴重受傷，被迅速送往了醫(yī)院。_____________________________________________________________________________________8．馮小剛，是一位著名導演，已經(jīng)創(chuàng)作了很多優(yōu)秀影片。_____________________________________________________________________________________9．他是個有豐富經(jīng)驗的人，從他那里我們能學到很多。_____________________________________________________________________________________【強化鞏固】Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．ItoccurredtomethatIcouldaskmycousintohelpme_____________(獲得)avisa.2．She_____________(承認)havingbeencheatedinthemarket.3．Itisdifficultto_____________(評估)thedamagetothisvillage.4．Hesitsdownand_____________(分析)whyshefeelssoupset.5．Hepaused，_____________(顯然地)lostinthoughtstaringatthebook.6．She_____________thatIgotothelibrarywithher.7．Althoughhiswifeisyoung，shehasmadewonderful_____________discoveries.8．Readingisof_____________importanceinlanguagelearning.Ⅱ.選詞填空（從框中選出正確的短語，并用其正確形式填空）bemittedto,millionsof,bychance,careabout,insiston1．He_____________nobodybuthimselfinthetriptoQingdao.2．Agroupofthievesrobbedthebankof_____________dollars.3．Manypeople_____________cholerainEuropeinthelastcentury.4．Onemaymakeamistake_____________butonecan’tmakemistakesallhislife.5．Ithinkitisunwisethatthepany_____________thehighprice.6．She_____________thecareofthepatients.Ⅲ.單句語法填空1．Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief_____________(catch)．2．Hewas_____________(apparent)muchsurprisedatthenews.3．Ourleaderinsistedthatwe_____________(carry)itout.4．Someofthepeople_____________(invite)tothepartycouldn’te.5．Helearnedthe_____________(distinct)betweengoldandlead.6．Thismaterialisveryrareandisalsohard_____________(obtain)．7．Theoldmanismore_____________ourteacher；he’salsoourfriend.8．_____________(science)researchshowsthatwomentendtosurvivetheirhusbandsby5－10years.【課后練習】閱讀理解AFouroftheWorld’sBestFuturists(未來學家)KevinKellyKevinKellyisanauthor.His1994publication，OutofControl，discussesafuturewheremachinesandsystemsaresoplexastobeindistinguished(難區(qū)分的)fromlivingthings.HislatestbookWhatTechnologyWantssuggeststhattechnologyisnotjustamixtureofwiresandmetalsbutalivingthingthathasitsownneed.Thebooklooksoutthroughtheeyesofthisglobaltechnologicalsystemtodiscoverwhatitwants.DrMichioKakuDrMichioKakuisaprofessoroftheoreticalphysicsattheCityUniversityofNewYorkandauthorofTheFutureoftheMindandPhysicsoftheFuture.InTheFutureoftheMind，heexploresthefrontierofneuroscience.Hepredictsthatonedaywewillbeabletouploadthehumanbrainintoaputer.InPhysicsoftheFuture，hepredictsthatglassesandcontactlenseswillbeconnectedtotheInternetandcarswillbeedriverlesswiththepoweroftheGPSsystem.DavidBrinSciencefictionauthorandscientist，DavidBrinhasreceivedawards.In1998，hewontheFreedomofSpeechAwardforTheTransparenceSociety.Thebookconcernsthreatstopersonalaffairsandopennessintheinformationage.Inaworldwherethepolicemonitorpublicplaces24hoursadaywithcamerasandsomecreditpaniescansellpeople’sfinancialdetailstoanyonewillingtopay，Brinwarnsthatsurveillance(監(jiān)控)technologywillbeusedbytoofewpeopleinthefuture.Hearguesthatthetablesshouldbeturnedandthepublicshouldhaveaccesstoinformationlikewhoisbuyingfinancialdetailsfromcreditpanies.DrRayKurzweilDrRayKurzweilisthemaininventorofthefirstprinttospeechreadingmachinefortheblind.HeisthedirectorofartificialintelligencedevelopmentatGoogle.Overthepast25years，anumberofhispredictionshaveetrue.In1990，hepredictedaputerwoulddefeatahumanatchessby1998.Hepredictsthatbythe2020s，mostdiseaseswillgoawayandselfdrivingcarsbegintotakeovertheroads.21．Whosebookisdiscussingaboutmachinesandsystemsinthefuture?A．KevinKelly’s. B．DrMichioKaku’s.C．DavidBrin’s. D．DrRayKurzweil’s.22．WhichofthefollowingbookwontheFreedomofSpeechAward?A．OutofControl. B．TheFutureoftheMind.C．PhysicsoftheFuture. D．TheTransparenceSociety.23．What’sDrRayKurzweil’sattitudetowardshispredictionofthe2020s?A．Cautious. B．Optimistic. C．Doubtful. D．Disapproving.BMyteacher，MrAugustJ．Bachmann，wasthemostinfluentialteacherIeverhad.Ihadgottenintotroubleinhisclass：Anotherstudenthadpushedmeforfun，andIbecameangry