北京市2023年中考英語試題（附真題答案）

北京市2023年中考英語真題一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．Mysisterenjoyssingingand____favoritesubjectismusic.A．his B．her C．your D．their【解析】【分析】句意：我姐姐喜歡唱歌，她最喜歡的科目是音樂。A.他的，B.她的，C.你的，D.他們的。根據(jù)主語Mysister，可知是女她，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞her。故選B。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查代詞辨析。注意熟記動(dòng)詞sing"唱歌"：第三人稱單數(shù)：sings；現(xiàn)在分詞：singing；過去式：sang；過去分詞：sung。2．It'sagoodideatovisitBeijing____October.A．a(chǎn)t B．on C．in D．to【解析】【分析】句意：十月訪問北京是個(gè)好主意。A.在，后接具體時(shí)刻；B.在，后接具體某一天；C.在，后接年月季節(jié)等；D.去。根據(jù)October十月，可知介詞用on。故選B。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查介詞辨析。注意熟記動(dòng)詞visit"參觀/拜訪"：第三人稱單數(shù)：visits；現(xiàn)在分詞：visiting；過去式：visited；過去分詞：visited。3．—MustIstayhereandwaitforyou?—No,you____.Youcangohomenow.A．needn't B．can't C．mustn't D．shouldn't【解析】【分析】句意：——我必須呆在這里等你嗎？——不，你不必。你現(xiàn)在可以回家了。A.不需要/不必；B.不能；C.禁止；D.不應(yīng)該。根據(jù)Youcangohomenow.你現(xiàn)在可以回家了，可知不必等。故選A。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。注意熟記動(dòng)詞go"去"：第三人稱單數(shù)：goes；現(xiàn)在分詞：going；過去式：went；過去分詞：gone。4．—Whichdoyoulike____,swimmingorskating?—Swimming.A．well B．better C．best D．thebest【解析】【分析】句意：——你更喜歡游泳還是滑冰？——游泳。A.好地；B.更；C.最；D.最。根據(jù)swimmingorskating游泳還是滑冰，可知是詢問更喜歡游泳還是滑冰，應(yīng)用副詞比較級(jí)better。故選B。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查副詞比較級(jí)。注意熟記動(dòng)詞swim"游泳"：第三人稱單數(shù)：swims；現(xiàn)在分詞：swimming；過去式：swam；過去分詞：swum。5．—____doyoutidyyourownroom?—Twiceaweek.A．Howoften B．Howsoon C．Howmuch D．Howlong【解析】【分析】句意：——你多久整理一次自己的房間？——一周兩次。A.多久一次；B.多快；C.多少錢；D.多長時(shí)間。根據(jù)Twiceaweek.一周兩次，可知是詢問多久一次，應(yīng)用howoften。故選A。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查疑問詞辨析。注意熟記動(dòng)詞tidy"整理"：第三人稱單數(shù)：tidies；現(xiàn)在分詞：tidying；過去式：tidied；過去分詞：tidied。6．Itwasdifficulttoclimbthemountain,____Samgottothetopatlast.A．or B．so C．for D．but【解析】【分析】句意：爬那座山很難，但山姆終于爬到了山頂。A.或者；B.所以；C.為了；D.但是。根據(jù)Itwasdifficulttoclimbthemountain爬那座山很難，可知"山姆終于爬到了山頂"為轉(zhuǎn)折，應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but。故選D。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查連詞辨析。注意熟記動(dòng)詞get"到達(dá)"：第三人稱單數(shù)：gets；現(xiàn)在分詞：getting；過去式：got；過去分詞：gotgotten。7．—Lucy,whatareyoudoing?—I____amodelship.A．make B．made C．a(chǎn)mmaking D．wasmaking【解析】【分析】句意：——露西，你在干什么？——我正在做一艘模型船。A.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；B.一般過去時(shí)；C.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；D.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)Lucy,whatareyoudoing?露西，你在干什么？可知?jiǎng)幼鞔藭r(shí)正在進(jìn)行，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選C。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。注意熟記動(dòng)詞make"制作"：第三人稱單數(shù)：makes；現(xiàn)在分詞：making；過去式：made；過去分詞：made。8．TheShenzhou-15astronauts____toEarthsafelyonJune4,2023.A．return B．returned C．willreturn D．havereturned【解析】【分析】句意：神舟十五號(hào)航天員于2023年6月4日安全返回地球。A.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；B.一般過去時(shí)；C.一般將來時(shí)；D.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語onJune4,2023，可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故選B。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查一般過去時(shí)。注意熟記動(dòng)詞return"返回"：第三人稱單數(shù)：returns；現(xiàn)在分詞：returning；過去式：returned；過去分詞：returned。9．Ifyougototheconcertwithustomorrow,you____agreattimethere.A．have B．had C．willhave D．havehad【解析】【分析】句意：如果你明天和我們一起去聽音樂會(huì)，你在那里會(huì)玩得很開心。A.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；B.一般過去時(shí)；C.一般將來時(shí)；D.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語tomorrow，可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生在將來，應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)。故選C。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查一般將來時(shí)。注意熟記動(dòng)詞have"有"：第三人稱單數(shù)：has；現(xiàn)在分詞：having；過去式：had；過去分詞：had。10．Eric____manythingssincehebecameinterestedinscience.A．islearning B．waslearning C．willlearn D．haslearned【解析】【分析】句意：自從孫對(duì)科學(xué)感興趣以來，他學(xué)到了很多東西。A.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；B.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；C.一般將來時(shí)；D.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)sincehebecameinterestedinscience自從孫對(duì)科學(xué)感興趣以來，可知?jiǎng)幼鲝倪^去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選D。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。注意熟記動(dòng)詞learn"學(xué)習(xí)"：第三人稱單數(shù)：learns；現(xiàn)在分詞：learning；過去式：learntlearned；過去分詞：learntlearned。11．Theparkisgettingmoreandmorebeautifulbecausemorekindsofflowers____everyyear.A．a(chǎn)replanted B．wereplanted C．plant D．planted【解析】【分析】句意：這個(gè)公園變得越來越美麗，因?yàn)槊磕甓紩?huì)種植更多種類的花。A.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語為第二人稱或復(fù)數(shù)；B.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語為第二人稱或復(fù)數(shù)；C.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；D.一般過去時(shí)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語everyyear每年，可知句子時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，再根據(jù)主語flower和動(dòng)詞plant"種植"之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)areplanted。故選A。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。注意熟記動(dòng)詞plant"種植"：第三人稱單數(shù)：plants；現(xiàn)在分詞：planting；過去式：planted；過去分詞：planted。12．—Lily,canyoutellme____duringtheDragonBoatFestivalthisyear?—Sure.Weatezongziandwatchedadragonboatrace.A．whatyouwilldo B．whatyoudidC．whatwillyoudo D．whatdidyoudo【解析】【分析】句意：——莉莉，你能告訴我今年端午節(jié)你做了什么嗎？——當(dāng)然。我們吃粽子，看龍舟比賽。A.你將會(huì)做什么，一般將來時(shí)的陳述語序；B.你做了什么，一般過去時(shí)的陳述語序；C.你將會(huì)做什么，一般將來時(shí)的疑問語序；D.你做了什么，一般過去時(shí)的疑問語序。根據(jù)答語Weatezongziandwatchedadragonboatrace.我們吃粽子，看龍舟比賽，可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)；再根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞tell，可知句子為賓語從句，語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z序whatyoudid。故選B。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查一般過去時(shí)。注意熟記動(dòng)詞do"做"：第三人稱單數(shù)：does；現(xiàn)在分詞：doing；過去式：did；過去分詞：done。二、完形填空完形填空BeWhat'sMissingWherewasthatcashier(收銀員)?Impatient,Iquicklylookedatmywatch.Ihardlyhadenoughtimetoeatasandwichandrushbacktowork.Ilookedaroundthenearlyempty13．,butthecashierwasnowhereinsight.Awomanstoodwiping(擦)thefarendofthecounter.Shelookedatmecoldlywithsad,darkeyes.I14．,gettingangry.I'dbeenstandingthereforatleastthreeminutes!Controllingmyanger,IrememberedMom'swords."Wheneveryoufindyourselfinanunpleasantsituation,justthinkaboutwhatismissing.Ifsomeoneisunkind,thenkindnessismissing.Ifsomeoneishateful,then15．ismissing.Ifwewillbewhat'smissing,thenwe'llprovidewhateverthesituationneeds."AndhereIwasinanunpleasantsituation.HowshouldI"bewhat'smissing"?Whatwasmissingwas16．.MaybeIshouldjustjumpbehindthecounterandtakemyownorder.Justthenthewomanwalkedslowlytowardsme."MayIhelpyou?"sheasked,still17．.Shelookedsotired.Nodoubt,shewasoverworked.Itookadeepbreath.WithMom'swordsringinginmyhead,Igavethewomanmyorder...andsmiled."Howareyoutoday?"Myquestionseemedto18．her.Sheeyedmeforasecondbeforeanswering."Nottoogood.""I'msorry."Isaid."Ihopeitgetsbetterstartingrightnow."Shealmostsmiledasshelookedatme."Thanks.Ihopeyou'reright."IthoughttomyselfasIatemysandwich.We'reallthesame,really.Wehaveproblemsandangers,wegettiredandwehurt.Weneedtobe19．toeachother.Aftereating,Iwipedthetablecleanerthanusual,andputthetray(托盤)backnicelyonthestand.Thewomanwaswatchingme,abigsmileonherface."Bewhat'smissing."It20．.13．A．restaurant B．street C．school D．office14．A．a(chǎn)greed B．finished C．waited D．left15．A．trust B．love C．patience D．confidence16．A．hope B．a(chǎn)dvice C．money D．service17．A．nervously B．carefully C．coldly D．kindly18．A．disappoint B．hurt C．trouble D．surprise19．A．nicer B．cooler C．closer D．fairer20．A．said B．worked C．read D．ended【解析】【分析】大意：作者通過自己點(diǎn)餐的經(jīng)歷告訴我們做缺失的東西。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查完形填空。第一遍首先快速閱讀文章，把握文章大意；其次重點(diǎn)查看空格句，聯(lián)系上下文，理解句意，選出正確答案；最后帶著答案閱讀一遍文章進(jìn)行復(fù)查。13．句意：我環(huán)視了一下幾乎空無一人的餐廳，卻看不到收銀員。A：餐廳；B：街道；C：學(xué)校；D：辦公室。根據(jù)上文Ihardlyhadenoughtimetoeatasandwichandrushbacktowork.我?guī)缀鯖]有足夠的時(shí)間吃三明治然后趕回工作崗位，可知應(yīng)是在餐廳。故選A。14．句意：我等著，很生氣。A：同意；B：完成；C：等待；D：離開。根據(jù)I'dbeenstandingthereforatleastthreeminutes!我已經(jīng)站在那里至少三分鐘了！可知作者在等待。故選C。15．句意：如果一個(gè)人是可恨的，那么愛就是缺失的。A：信任；B：愛；C：耐心；D：信心。根據(jù)上文Ifsomeoneisunkind,thenkindnessismissing.如果有人不友善，那么善良就缺失了，可知如果一個(gè)人是可恨的，那么愛就是缺失的。故選B。16．句意：缺少的是服務(wù)。A：希望；B：建議；C：錢；D：服務(wù)。根據(jù)下文MaybeIshouldjustjumpbehindthecounterandtakemyownorder.也許我應(yīng)該跳到柜臺(tái)后面，自己點(diǎn)菜，可知此處缺少服務(wù)。故選D。17．句意：她問道，仍然很友好。A：緊張地；B：小心地；C：冷淡地；D：友好地。根據(jù)下文Shelookedsotired.Nodoubt,shewasoverworked.她看起來很累。毫無疑問，她工作過度了，可知此處應(yīng)是強(qiáng)調(diào)依然友好地服務(wù)客人。故選C。18．句意：我的問題似乎讓她大吃一驚。A：使失望；B：傷害；C：麻煩；D：驚訝。根據(jù)下文Sheeyedmeforasecondbeforeanswering.她看了我一會(huì)兒才回答，可知收銀員是驚訝的。故選D。19．句意：我們需要對(duì)彼此更好。A：更好；B：更冷；C：更近；D：更公平。根據(jù)上文Wehaveproblemsandangers,wegettiredandwehurt.我們有問題和憤怒，我們累了，我們受傷了，可知此處作者應(yīng)是強(qiáng)調(diào)我們需要對(duì)彼此更好。故選A。20．句意："做缺失的東西。"它奏效了。A：說；B：奏效；C：閱讀；D：結(jié)束。根據(jù)上文Thewomanwaswatchingme,abigsmileonherface.那個(gè)女人看著我，臉上掛著燦爛的笑容，可知"做缺失的東西。"它奏效了。故選B。三、任務(wù)型閱讀任務(wù)型閱讀ShortArtCoursesA.WildArtThiscourseisaboutdrawingandpainting.You'lluseyournewskillstomakeawallposterofanimals.Andwe'vegotlotsofpicturebookstogiveyouideas.B.ArtMattersThiscourseteachesyoudifferentdrawingskills.We'llgetyoutodrawthelateststylesofclothes.Ifyoulikedesigningclothesandwanttostudyitatcollege,joinus!C.CreativeArtThiscourseisaboutmakingbagstokeepyoursportsclothesin.Weprovidelotsofmaterials.Andyou'llvisitartmuseumstogetsomecreativeideas.D.ArtMagicThiscourseisabouttellinggoodstoriesinpictures.There'llbecartoonfilmstowatch.andinstructioninhowtodrawyourfavoritecharacters.21．I'minterestedindesigningclothesandwanttostudyitatcollege.Alice22．IenjoymakingwallpostersofanimalsandI'dliketoreadpicturebooks.Tony23．Ilikemakinghagsandwanttovisitartmuseumstogetcreativeideas.Harry【解析】【分析】大意：文章介紹了四個(gè)藝術(shù)俱樂部。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BWe'llgetyoutodrawthelateststylesofclothes.Ifyoulikedesigningclothesandwanttostudyitatcollege,joinus!我們會(huì)讓你畫最新款式的衣服。如果你喜歡設(shè)計(jì)服裝并想在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，請(qǐng)加入我們！可知Alice應(yīng)加入B.ArtMatters藝術(shù)事項(xiàng)。故選B。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AThiscourseisaboutdrawingandpainting.You'lluseyournewskillstomakeawallposterofanimals.Andwe'vegotlotsofpicturebookstogiveyouideas.這門課是關(guān)于繪畫的。你將用你的新技能制作一幅動(dòng)物海報(bào)。我們有很多圖畫書可以給你一些想法，可知Tony應(yīng)加入A.WILDArt野生藝術(shù)。故選A。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CThiscourseisaboutmakingbagstokeepyoursportsclothesin.Weprovidelotsofmaterials.Andyou'llvisitartmuseumstogetsomecreativeideas.這門課程是關(guān)于制作包來裝你的運(yùn)動(dòng)服的。我們提供很多材料。你還會(huì)參觀美術(shù)館，獲得一些創(chuàng)意，可知Harry應(yīng)加入CCreativeArt創(chuàng)意藝術(shù)。故選C。四、閱讀理解閱讀理解BettywasexcitedtoshowherbrotherDavidthebasketfilledwithseashells.ButDavidwasbusyhelpingDadgeteverythingbackintothecar."Whatareyougoingtodowiththoseuselessthings?"hesaid."Youcan'ttakethemhome.""ButIwanttheseseashells,"Bettysaidunhappily."Eachoneisadifferentshapeandsize.Theyareallspecial."Suddenly,Davidsawthewaterrisingalongthebeach.HeshoutedtoBetty,"Thewaves(海浪)areabouttotakeyourtoys!"AsBettyrantogetherthings,shecalledtoDavid,"Pleaseputmyseashellsintothecar!"Davidwasputtingoneofthebeachchairsintothecarwhenhisfootaccidentallyknockedoverthebasket.AsDavidliftedaheavybox,heslipped(滑倒)anddroppedtheboxrightontopoftheseashells,breakingmostofthemintopieces.Bettycamebackwithhertoys.Whenshesawherseashellsbroken,shebegantocry.Davidstartedtopickuptheseashellsandplacethemcarefullybackintothebasket.DadtriedtoexplaintoBettythatitwasanaccident.ButBettywasstillupset.Davidalsofeltsad.Hethoughtaboutwhathecoulddotomakeituptohissister.Whenhegothome,hehadaperfectidea.ThenextmorningDavidwaitedforBettywiththebasketofseashellsandsomestrongglue.Healsohadaframed(裝框的)photoofthetwoofthem.Togethertheylookedthroughthebasketandfoundseveralseashellsthatwerenotbrokenandcouldstillbeused.Thentheygluedtheseashellstotheframe."I'mreallysorry,Betty."Davidsaid."YesterdayIwasverycarelesswithsomethingspecialtoyou."Bettylookedatherbrotherandsmiled."You'rethebestbigbrotherever!"24．WhatdidBettythinkoftheseashells?A．Clean. B．Useless. C．Expensive. D．Special.25．Bettybegantocrywhen____.A．sheslippedandhurtherselfB．sheknockedoverthebasketC．shesawthebrokenseashellsD．shetoldherdadabouttheaccident26．Davidgluedtheseashellstotheframeto____.A．makeituptohissister B．develophispaintingskillC．prepareagiftforhisdad D．makethepicturebeautiful【解析】【分析】大意：文章講述了哥哥David在放沙灘椅時(shí)不小心打翻了并摔碎了妹妹裝貝殼的籃子，他想盡辦法彌補(bǔ)，最后他用膠水把沒摔壞的貝殼粘在一個(gè)帶框的照片上，Betty原諒了他，稱贊他是最好的哥哥的故事。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。文章是記敘文，問題的設(shè)置一般跟情節(jié)發(fā)展貼合，可首先閱讀題干，再在閱讀文章的過程中找到問題的答案。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"ButIwanttheseseashells,"Bettysaidunhappily."Eachoneisadifferentshapeandsize.Theyareallspecial.""但是我想要這些貝殼，"貝蒂不高興地說。"每一個(gè)都有不同的形狀和大小。它們都很特別。"，可知她認(rèn)為都是特別的。故選D。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段Whenshesawherseashellsbroken,shebegantocry.當(dāng)她看到自己的貝殼碎了，她哭了起來，可知是看到自己的貝殼碎了。故選C。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段Hethoughtaboutwhathecoulddotomakeituptohissister.他想他能做些什么來補(bǔ)償他的妹妹，可知是為了補(bǔ)償妹妹。故選A。閱讀理解Doyouknowthatover1/3ofallfoodproducedintheworldgoestowaste?AccordingtotheUnitedNations(UN),everyyeararoundtheworld,aboutonebillion(十億)tonsoffoodiswasted.Atthesametime,therearenearlyonebillionpeoplewhogohungry.Simply1/4ofthefoodwastedisenoughtokeepthemoutofhunger,Inaddition,thewastedfoodproducesoverthreebilliontonsofcarbondioxide(CO2),whichspeedsupclimate(氣候)change.Whatcanwedotosolvethisfoodwasteproblem?Oneeffectivesolutionisbalancingfoodproductionwithdemand(需求).Inhotelsandothersimilarplaces,specialinstrumentsshouldbeusedsothatcookingspecialistsjustprepareandcookfoodasitisordered.Anothereffectivesolutionisstartingprogramstoreduce(減少)foodwaste.Storesandbuyerscantrytheirbesttobecreativeinfoodwastereduction.Forexample,storescanprovidecustomerswithinstructionstellingthemhowtomakefulluseoffood.Buyerscantrynotfixingtheireyesonlyonfoodofthebestquality(質(zhì)量).Sometimes,thefoodofnon-topqualityisalsogoodenoughtoeat,orcanbeboughtandthenusedtomakedeliciousdishes.Oneofthehardestsolutionstoachieveisforeachandeveryonetobuyandpreparefoodwithaplanoftheirownsothatlessfoodiswasted.Challengingasitis,theuseofmealplansinpreparingfoodcanplayanimportantroleinendingfoodwasteinthefamily.Foodrecyclingisoneoftheknownsolutions.Effortsarenowalreadyinprogress.Foodthatisnotsafeforhumanstocatisrecycledintootherproductssuchasanimalfeedsandclothing.Yet,thereisstillalongwaytogoandmuchforimprovementinthisarea.Inaword,foodwastehasbeenoneofthebiggestproblemsintheworldthathaveinfluencedusgreatly.Manysolutionshavebeenfoundandmanymoreareyettobeworkedout.Ifeachofuscanputinmoreefforts,foodwasteissuretobereducedforthegoodofourfuture.27．Accordingtothepassage,whatisapossibleresultoffoodwaste?A．Theproblemofworldwidehunger.B．Abigincreaseinfoodproduction.C．Thespeed-upofclimatechange.D．Asuddendropinpopulation.28．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Foodrecyclinghasbeenhugelysuccessful.B．Buyersshouldgiveupnon-topqualityfood.C．Storesshouldtrainpeopletomakedeliciousdishes.D．Mealplansinthefamilyarehandtoputintopractice.29．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Benefitsofreducingfoodwaste.B．Solutionstothefoodwasteproblem.C．Theimportanceoffightingfoodwaste.D．Theattitudetothefoodwasteproblem.【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要講述了全球三分之一以上的食物被浪費(fèi)的問題，與此同時(shí)，近十億人卻在挨餓。解決食物浪費(fèi)問題有許多方法，如平衡食物生產(chǎn)與需求，啟動(dòng)減少食物浪費(fèi)的計(jì)劃，每個(gè)人在購買和準(zhǔn)備食物時(shí)有計(jì)劃，以及食物回收等。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。27．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Simply1/4ofthefoodwastedisenoughtokeepthemoutofhunger,Inaddition,thewastedfoodproducesoverthreebilliontonsofcarbondioxide(CO2),whichspeedsupclimate(氣候)change.僅僅浪費(fèi)1/4的食物就足以讓他們免于饑餓。此外，浪費(fèi)的食物會(huì)產(chǎn)生超過30億噸的二氧化碳，這會(huì)加速氣候變化，可知食物浪費(fèi)會(huì)加速氣候變化。故選C。28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段Oneofthehardestsolutionstoachieveisforeachandeveryonetobuyandpreparefoodwithaplanoftheirownsothatlessfoodiswasted.最難實(shí)現(xiàn)的解決方案之一是讓每個(gè)人都有自己的計(jì)劃來購買和準(zhǔn)備食物，這樣就可以減少浪費(fèi)的食物，可知家里的膳食計(jì)劃是親手制定的。故選D。29．主旨大意題。文章介紹了解決食物浪費(fèi)問題的許多方法，如平衡食物生產(chǎn)與需求，啟動(dòng)減少食物浪費(fèi)的計(jì)劃，每個(gè)人在購買和準(zhǔn)備食物時(shí)有計(jì)劃，以及食物回收等，可知文章主要是關(guān)于解決食物浪費(fèi)的辦法。故選B。閱讀理解Whenconsideringthekindofexperiencethatmakeslifebetter,mostpeoplefirstthinkthathappinessdependsonexperiencingpleasure:goodfood,goodjobs,allthecomfortsthatmoneycanbuy.Ifwecouldn'thavethese,wemightaswellsitinfrontofthetelevisiononaquietevening.Pleasureisanimportantpartofthequalityoflife,butbyitselfitdoesn'tbringhappiness.Whenpeoplethinkfurtheraboutwhatmakesaworthylife,theytend(傾向于)tomovebeyondpleasantmemoriesandbegintorememberotherevents,otherexperiencesthatoverlap(有重疊)pleasurableonesbutfallintoagroupwithaseparatename:enjoyment.Enjoyableeventstakeplacewhenpeoplehavenotonlysatisfiedaneedormetsomeearlierexpectation,butalsoachievedsomethingunexpected.Enjoymentischaracterizedbyasenseofcuriosity,ofachievement.Playingatennisgamethatimprovesone'sabilityisenjoyable,asisreadingabookthatshowsthingsinanewlight,asishavingaconversationthatleadsustoexpressideaswedidn'tknowwehad.Noneoftheseexperiencesmaybeespeciallypleasurablewhentheyaretakingplace,butwhenwethinkbackonthemafterwards,wewouldsay."Thatreallywasfun"andwishtheywouldhappenagain.Afteranenjoyableeventweknowthatwehavechanged,andgrown.Experiencesthatgivepleasurecanalsogiveenjoyment,butthetwofeelingsarequitedifferent.Forexample,everybodytakespleasureineating.However,toenjoysfoodismoredifficult—youhavetopayenoughattentiontoameal,soastosenseandtellitsvarioustastes.Asthisexamplesuggests,wecanexperiencepleasurewithoutanypsychicenergy,whileenjoymenthappensonlyasaresultoffullattention.Apersoncanfeelpleasurewithoutanyeffort,aslongascertainpartsinhisbrainarestimulated(刺激).Butit'simpossibletoenjoyatennisgameorabookwithoutfullattention.It'sforthisreasonthatpleasuredoesnotlastlong,nordoesitmakeusgrow.Growthrequiresfullattentiontogoalsthatarenew,thatarerelativelychallenging.Withoutenjoyment,lifewillgoon,anditcanevenbepleasant.Butitdependsheavilyonluckandtheexternal(外部的)environment.Toachievepersonalcontroloverthequalityofexperience,however,weneedtolearnhowtobuildenjoymentintowhathappensdayin,dayout.30．Youwillmostprobablyexperienceenjoymentwhenyou____.A．buyexpensiveshoesB．orderadeliciousmealC．talkwithfriendsfornewideasD．sitquietlyinfrontofatelevision31．Whatdoyouknowaboutpleasureandenjoymentfromthepassage?A．Enjoymentgrowsoutofpleasure.B．Pleasureandenjoymentcomehandinhand.C．Pleasurableexperiencesarepartofenjoyableones.D．Someexperiencesprovidebothpleasureandenjoyment.32．Thewords"psychicenergy"inParagraph4areclosestinmeaningto____.A．a(chǎn)ttention B．interest C．a(chǎn)bility D．knowledge33．Thewriterprobablyagreesthat____.A．feelingpleasurestopspeoplefromachievinggrowthB．feelingenjoymentcomeswithachievinggrowthC．a(chǎn)worthylifedependsonluckandenvironmentD．pleasureisthekeytoahappyandworthylife【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要論述了快樂和享受的區(qū)別。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。注意首先查看題干，劃取問題關(guān)鍵詞；再仔細(xì)閱讀文章，排除錯(cuò)誤及無關(guān)選項(xiàng)，選擇正確答案。30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Enjoymentischaracterizedbyasenseofcuriosity,ofachievement.Playingatennisgamethatimprovesone'sabilityisenjoyable,asisreadingabookthatshowsthingsinanewlight,asishavingaconversationthatleadsustoexpressideaswedidn'tknowwehad.享受的特點(diǎn)是好奇心和成就感。打一場能提高能力的網(wǎng)球是一件令人愉快的事，讀一本以新的視角展示事物的書也是如此，進(jìn)行一次對(duì)話能讓我們表達(dá)我們不知道自己有什么想法也是如此，可知當(dāng)年和朋友討論新觀點(diǎn)的時(shí)候可以感受到享受。故選C。31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段Experiencesthatgivepleasurecanalsogiveenjoyment,butthetwofeelingsarequitedifferent.給人快樂的經(jīng)歷也能給人享受，但這兩種感覺截然不同，可知有些經(jīng)歷提供了快樂和享受。故選D。32．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)whileenjoymenthappensonlyasaresultoffullattention.而享受只是全神貫注的結(jié)果，可知我們可以在沒有任何精神能量的情況下體驗(yàn)快樂，psychicenergy近義詞為attention"注意力"。故選A。33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Apersoncanfeelpleasurewithoutanyeffort,aslongascertainpartsinhisbrainarestimulated(刺激).Butit'simpossibletoenjoyatennisgameorabookwithoutfullattention.It'sforthisreasonthatpleasuredoesnotlastlong,nordoesitmakeusgrow.Growthrequiresfullattentiontogoalsthatarenew,thatarerelativelychallenging.只要大腦中的某些部分受到刺激，一個(gè)人就可以毫不費(fèi)力地感受到快樂。但如果不全神貫注，就不可能享受網(wǎng)球比賽或書籍。正是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因，快樂不會(huì)長久，也不會(huì)讓我們成長。增長需要充分關(guān)注新的、相對(duì)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的目標(biāo)，可知作者認(rèn)為享受伴隨著成長。故選B。五、任務(wù)型閱讀任務(wù)型閱讀My100DaysWithoutaMobilePhoneWhenwasthelasttimeyoulefthomewithoutyourmobilephone?Canyouimagineyourselflivingamonth,orevenayearwithoutcheckingyourmobilephonefromtimetotime?Asabusymodernpersonwithlotsofsocialconnections,plansandresponsibilities,Ijustcannotaffordtonotbeintouchwiththerestoftheworld.Stayingconnectedtootherpeopleisabigpartofmylife.However,sometimesitcanbebothersome(惱人的).OnedayIdiscoveredIwasterriblytiredout.Itriedturningnotifications(通知)off.Butthefearofmissingoutsomethingimportantmademecheckthephonemoreoftenthanbefore.So,Isimplystoppedusingmyphone.Well,totellthetruth,itwasnotsimpleatall.Forthefirstcoupleofdays,Ihadabigfearthatallofmyfriendswouldsoonforgetaboutme.WhenIhadafreemoment,Ihadnoideawhattogetmyselfdistracted(分心的)with,andtheworriesmixedwithboredomkeptbotheringme.However,afterthreeweekswithoutamobilephone,Istartednoticingchanges—changeswhichIliked,andwhichdrovemetonotjustcontinuetheexperiment,butinfacttoreorganizesomeofmyhabits.Firstofall,InoticedthatIbecamemuchmorefocused(專注的).Before,whiledoingsomething,Iwouldoftenfindmyselfwonderingwhatwasgoingononline.Afteramonthofstayingawayfrommymobilephone,Ifoundthattheurge(沖動(dòng))wasalreadynotthatstrongandthatmyabilitytofocusimproved.Idiscoveredthattheworldisabeautifulplace.Before,Iwouldlookatitthroughmycameramostly:takeaphoto,postit,getsomelikes.Now,IsawbeautifulpeoplewalkingaroundandIsensedtheseasonschange.Icouldunderstandtheactualbeautyoftheworld,andIdidnotneedanyoneelsetoprovethevalueofthisbeautythroughlikesorshares.Now,as100dayshavepassed,Icansaythattheexperimentwasworthit.Iamplanningtostayawayfrommyphoneforaslongaspossible.34．Whatmadethewritercheckthephonemoreoftenthanbefore?35．Whendidthewriterstartnoticinghischanges?36．Whatdoesthewriterplantodowithhisphoneaftertheexperiment?37．Wouldyouliketofollowthewriter'sexample?Whyorwhynot?(Pleasegivetworeasons.)【解析