2021新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時作業(yè)31選修7Livingwell

課時作業(yè)31LivingwellⅠ.閱讀理解AAnyonewhocameofageinthe1990srememberstheFriendsTVserieswherePhoebeandRachelgoouttogettattoos(紋身).RachelgetsatattooandPhoebeendsupwithablackinkdotbecauseshecan'ttoleratethepain.Thisisnotarareoccurrenceintheworld.Thefunnystorylinealsoshowsthequestion—Canwehelpthe“Phoebes”oftheworldsufferlessbymakingthemmorelikethe“Rachels？”Painisthemostmonsymptomreportedwhenpeopleareseekingmedicalattention.Undernormalcircumstances,painsignalsinjury,andaswerecover,thepainbeesless.Unfortunately,asnotwomenarealike,theyaredifferentnotonlyintheirabilitytodiscover,tolerateandrespondtopainbutalsoinhowtheyreportitandhowtheyrespondtovarioustreatments.Thismakesitdifficulttoknowhowtoeffectivelytreateachpatient.People'sdifferenthealthoutesoftenresultfromplexpsycho-socialinteractions,environmentalandgeneticfactors(基因因素).Whilepainmaynotregisterasatraditionaldiseaselikeheartdiseaseordiabetes,thesamefactorsareatplay.Thepainfulexperiencesthroughoutourlifetimeoccuragainstabackgroundofgenesthatmakeusmoreorlesssensitivetopain.Butourmentalandphysicalstateandpreviousexperiencescanhelpadjustourresponses.Ifwecanbetterunderstandwhatmakespeoplemoreorlesssensitivetopaininallkindsofsituations,thenwearemuchclosertoreducinghumansufferingbydevelopingtargetedpersonalizedpaintreatmentswithlowerrisksofmisuse,toleranceandabusethanthecurrenttreatments.Oncetherewerereportsofchildrenwhowerepain-tolerant.Studiesoftheserarecasesshowedthatthecongenitalinsensitivitytopainistheresultoflackingasinglegene.Recently,researchersareevaluatingtetrodotoxin,astrongneurotoxin(神經(jīng)毒素)producedbyseacreatureslikepufferfish,asapotentialpainkiller.Ithasshownearlyeffectivenessintreatingcancerpain.Thesedrugsandtoxinsbringaboutthesamestatethatispresentinthosewithcongenitalinsensitivitytopain.本文是一篇說明文。人們對疼痛的感知因人而異，研究其背后的原因有著重要的意義。1．Whatkindofpeopledoes“Phoebes”represent?A．Thoselikingtattoos.B．Thosewithblackinkdotsontheirskin.C．ThoseappearingintheFriendsTVseries.D．Thosebeingunabletotakethepainfromtattooing.答案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中Phoebeendsupwithablackinkdot...rareoccurrence可推知，“Phoebes”代表了那些像Friends中的Phoebe一樣不能忍受紋身疼痛的人。2．WhatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinParagraph3?A．Theimportanceofknowingmoreaboutpain.B．Thecausesofpeople'sdifferencesinpain.C．Themethodsofadjustingourreactiontopain.D．Thenecessityoflivingthroughpainfulexperiences.答案：B解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要說明了造成“人們痛感差異”的原因。3．What'sthefunctionoftetrodotoxin?A．Toserveasapotentialcancerkiller.B．Tomakepatientsunabletofeelpain.C．Toimprovetheeffectivenessofpainkillers.D．Tomakeupforlackinganimportantgene.答案：B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中．..insensitivitytopain...lackingasinglegene及第六段中．..toxinsbringaboutthesamestate...可知，tetrodotoxin做為一種潛在的止痛藥，其功能是使病人無法感知疼痛。BSincemercialairlinestooktotheair,drinkingandflyinghavetendedtogohandinhand,withdrinkseemingtoaddthepleasingsenseofaflight.Butinthefaceofarisingtideofdrink-fuelledviolence,thereareincreasingcallsfromthepublicthatdrinkingonflightsshouldberestricted.Thegovernmentisreviewinglicensinglawsatairports.Ithasyettoreport,butWorldDutyFree(免稅店)hasannounceditsowndecision—sellingduty-freealcoholicdrinksonlyinsealed(密封的)bagsthat,intheory,cannoteasilybeopenedontheplane.RobGriggs,aspokesmanforAirlinesUK,welesthemoveofWorldDutyFree.However,hethinksmoreshouldbedonebyairportsandthelocalauthorities.“Theplacesthatsellalcoholshouldbesubjecttothesamelicensingconditionsaselsewhere.”Itwouldthenbeuptothelocalauthoritytodecidewhetherdrinkingalittlebeforeboardingwasacceptable.SuzannahRobin,analcoholanddrugspecialistatAlcoDigital,acceptsGriggs'argumentthatmostdrinkingisdoneintheterminalratherthanontheplane.Sheadvocatesbreathalysing(酒精測試)passengerswhoshowsignsofbeingdrunkbeforetheyboard.ShesaystheCivilAviationAuthorityhastotakethelead.“Theystatethatit'sillegaltobedrunkonboard.Theynowneedtodecidewhatbeingdrunkmeans.Inthesamewayasyouhaveadrink-drivelimit,youwouldhaveapassengerlimit,andasanauthoritytheyneedtoforcetheairporttohaveamethodofcheckingpassengersbeforetheyboard.”Shewonderswhethertherelationshipbetweendrinkingandflyingwilleverbebrokenpletely.“I'dbesurprisedifdrinkingwerebannedonflights，”shesays.“Theeventsthathappenbeewell-knownquicklybecauseofsocialmedia,butit'satinypercentageofthepopulationthatcausestheseissues.Theairlinesbenefitbecausetheysellalcoholonboard;theairportsbenefitbecausetheyhaveshopssellingalcoholwithintheirterminals;Ican'tseethemwantingtobackdown.You'reaskinganentirenationtochangewhattheydowhentheygoonholidaybecauseofthebehaviourofatinyminority.Beingabletomanageitwouldbebetter.”本文是一篇議論文。主要探討了是否應(yīng)該在飛機(jī)上禁止飲酒的問題。4．What'sthepurposeofrestrictingdrinkingonflights?A．Tobuildupapositivepublicreputation.B．Tolimitairlines'mercialpromotionways.C．Toguaranteepassengers'travelsafetyonflights.D．Toimprovepassengers'pleasingsenseofaflight.答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段Butinthefaceofarisingtideofdrink-fuelledviolence可知，飛機(jī)上因醉酒引發(fā)的暴力事件正在增多，因而越來越多的人呼吁在飛機(jī)上禁酒。5．What'sGriggs'attitudetowardssellingduty-freealcoholicdrinksinsealedbags?A．Doubtful. B．Supportive.C．Neutral. D．Disapproving.答案：B解析：觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)首段．..WorldDutyFreehasannounceditsowndecision—sellingduty-freealcoholicdrinksonlyinsealedbags及第二段的．..welesthemoveofWorldDutyFree，可知Griggs對于這種做法是贊同的。6．WhatdoesSuzannahRobinadviseairportstodo?A．Accusethedrunkenpassengers.B．Stopsellinganyalcoholtopassengers.C．Preventpassengersbringingalongalcohol.D．Breathalysepassengersbeforeboarding.答案：D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段．..advocatesbreathalysingpassengerswhoshowsignsofbeingdrunkbeforetheyboard.可知，SuzannahRobin認(rèn)為乘客在登機(jī)之前應(yīng)該進(jìn)行酒精檢測。7．Whatcanwemainlyconcludefromthelastparagraph?A．Thereisaslimchanceofbanningalcoholonflights.B．Weshouldtakeadvantageofsocialmediatohandletheissue.C．Weshouldcallonpeopletochangetheirbehavioronholidays.D．Itisofgreatimportanceforairlinestotakeeffectivemeasures.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，SuzannahRobin并不認(rèn)為機(jī)場和航空公司會放棄賣酒。相對而言，對于飲酒做出控制是更為可取的。所以飛機(jī)上禁酒可能性很低。Ⅱ.完形填空ALettertoMyOrganDonorOnApril18,2012,Ireceivedthemostimportantgiftinmylife—ahealthysetoflungs.I'vewritten__1__tomydonor'sfamilyeachyearforthepastsixyears,buttheyhaven't__2__yet.Iwholeheartedlyrespecttheirdecision,butIfeltIhadtowriteanopenlettertomy__3__Leoandhisfamily.DearLeo，Therereallyarenowordsthatcan__4__describehowIfeelaboutthekindnessfromyouandyourfamily.EverydayIam__5__forthegiftyougaveme,andItrulytrymybesttohonoryouineverythingIdo.Istrugglewiththe__6__thatyouhadtoleaveyourfamilyandfriendsbehindsoIcouldlive,butI__7__youthatIamtryinghardtobethebestpersonIcanbeandIhopeI'mmakingyou__8__.__9__，Ihaven'tbeenabletomeetyourfamilyandthepeoplethatmatteredmosttoyou,butI'm__10__thatsomedayImight.Iwanttohugthemforalongtimeandtellthemhowyouarestillbelovedandhowyourlife__11__.Leo,somedaymy__12__hereonearthwillbedoneandwhenI__13__to“theotherside”，mydreamisforyouto__14__me.I'dlovetositdownwithyouandhearallaboutyourlife.Untilthen,we'llkeepdoingourthing—living,breathingandsucceedingtogether.Leo,wewillalwaysbe__15__inbreath—forlife.Jerry本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。六年前“我”收到了一生中最珍貴的禮物——一副健康的肺。“我”每年都給恩人Leo的家人寫信，但是他們都沒有回復(fù)。因此“我”給Leo寫了一封公開信，表達(dá)對他衷心的感謝。1．A.letters B．storiesC．papers D．reports答案：A解析：根據(jù)本文標(biāo)題ALettertoMyOrganDonor，并結(jié)合該句可知，在過去六年，每年“我”都給“我”的捐贈者的家人寫信，故A項正確。2．A.decided B．metC．responded D．received答案：C解析：根據(jù)該句中的“but”可知，盡管“我”每年給恩人一家寫信，但是他們都沒有回復(fù)。C項意為“回復(fù)，答復(fù)”，故C項正確。3．A.neighbor B．lifesaverC．doctor D．friend答案：B解析：根據(jù)上文第一段第一句可知，Leo給“我”捐贈了肺，并結(jié)合該句可知，“我”決定給救“我”一命的人寫一封公開信。B項意為“救命的人”，故B項正確。4．A.hardly B．possiblyC．fairly D．gradually答案：B解析：根據(jù)該句中的“nowordsthatcan”可知，真的沒有什么語言能表達(dá)“我”對Leo和他的家人的善意(kindness)的感受。B項意為“可能”，修飾動詞describe，符合語境，故B項正確。A項意為“幾乎不”；C項意為“相當(dāng)”，用于形容詞和副詞前；D項意為“逐漸地”。5．A.careful B．peacefulC．thankful D．painful答案：C解析：根據(jù)語境可知，每天“我”都對Leo捐贈的禮物心懷感激之情。C項意為“感激的”，故C項正確。A項意為“謹(jǐn)慎的”，B項意為“和平的”，D項意為“疼痛的”，都與語境不符。6．A.loneliness B．sadnessC．emptiness D．nervousness答案：B解析：根據(jù)該句中的“Istrugglewiththe...soIcouldlive”可知，Leo不得不離開家人(family)和朋友，而“我”才能活下來，這讓“我”感到很悲傷。B項意為“悲傷”，故B項正確。7．A.praise