新教材英語學(xué)案Unit4第二課時(shí)Usinglanguage

第二課時(shí)UsinglanguageⅠ.詞匯初探1．neighbourhoodn.社區(qū)；街坊2．calligraphyn.書法3．demonstratev.示范；演示→demonstrationn.示范；演示4．vividadj.生動的；鮮明的；鮮艷的→dull(反義詞)adj.不鮮明的；沉悶的→vividlyadv.鮮明地；生動地5．needlen.縫衣針6．elegantadj.優(yōu)雅的；高雅的；講究的→elegantlyadv.優(yōu)雅地；高貴地7．carvev.刻8．contemporaryadj.當(dāng)代的→(形近詞)→temporaryadj.短暫的；暫時(shí)的；臨時(shí)的9．cigaretten.香煙10．lackvi.&vt.缺乏；沒有n.缺乏；短缺的東西→lackingadj.沒有的；缺乏的11．stimulatev.刺激；促進(jìn)→stimulationn.刺激；激勵Ⅱ.短語互譯1．搭建；張貼；舉起；留宿put_up2．吸引某人的注意catch_one's_attention3．也就是說that_is4．設(shè)法做某事manage_to_do_sth.5.intheshapeof以……的形式6．throwaway扔掉；浪費(fèi)7．liein在于8．beawareof知道；了解Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式1．It'seasyto_seegreatartnowadays,becausepeoplearecreatingiteverywhereyoulook.(P41)現(xiàn)在很容易看到偉大的藝術(shù)，因?yàn)槿藗冊谀闼吹降娜魏蔚胤蕉荚趧?chuàng)造它。2．Whatcaughtmyattentionfirstwasa15th-centuryqinghuabowlinabreathtakingexhibitionofChineseporcelain.(P42)在一個(gè)令人嘆為觀止的中國瓷器展中，首先引起我注意的是一個(gè)15世紀(jì)的青花碗。3．Everyonecancreateart,whatevertheirbackground.(P43)無論背景如何，每個(gè)人都可以創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)。Ⅳ.語法初探——單句語法填空1．Yourexperimentreportis_being_typed(type)nowanditwillbefinishedsoon.2．Manyinterestingexperimentsare_being_done(do)thesedays.3．Iam_being_treated(treat)atthehospitalnow,soIcannotgotothecinemaatpresent.4．I'msorry，sir.Yourrecorderisn'treadyyet.Itis_being_repaired(repair)inthefactory.5．Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouseis_being_rebuilt(rebuild)．6．Waitaminute.Thedishesforthedinnerare_being_cooked(cook)inthekitchen.7．Somanythingsare_being_done(do)heretopreventairpollutionnow.8．Thecamerathatis_being_used(use)byhimnowbelongstome.1eq\a\vs4\al(arrangev.籌備；安排；整理；布置；排列)[經(jīng)典佳句]Theyhadnotimetoarrangetheirownwedding,sotheyhaditorganizedbyapany.他們沒有時(shí)間籌備自己的婚禮，于是請了一家公司來組織。[歸納拓展](1)arrangesth.forsb.為某人安排某事arrangetodosth.安排做某事arrangefor...todosth.安排……做某事arrangethat...商定……；安排……(2)arrangementn.安排；籌備makearrangementsfor...為……安排好[即時(shí)鞏固]單句語法填空/完成句子①Thepanywillarrangeforataxito_meet(meet)youattheairport.②Whatevershesayswillnotmakeanydifferencetoourarrangements(arrange)．③Parentsarrange_everything_for_their_childrenandsparenoefforttopavethewayfortheirsuccess.父母為孩子安排好一切，不遺余力地為他們的成功鋪路。2eq\a\vs4\al(managevi.辦成；設(shè)法對付vt.管理；經(jīng)營)[教材原句]Withhelpfromtheartist,Imanagedtomakeoneintheshapeofafish.(P42)在藝術(shù)家的幫助下，我設(shè)法做了一個(gè)魚形狀的(剪紙)。①Shemanagedtofinishherworkontime.她設(shè)法按時(shí)完成了工作。[歸納拓展](1)managetodo＝succeedindoing設(shè)法做成manageashop/business管理商店/企業(yè)manageit(能)應(yīng)付(2)managern.經(jīng)理managementn.管理manageableadj.易管理的[即時(shí)鞏固]單句語法填空②Theweatherwasbad,butshemanagedto_swim(swim)tothechannel.③Theydidn'tknowhowtoputinacentralheatingsystem,buttheymanageditbytrialanderror.3shapen.形狀，體形，形式vt.&vi.造成[教材原句]Withhelpfromtheartist,Imanagedtomakeoneintheshapeofafish.(P42)在藝術(shù)家的幫助下，我設(shè)法做了一個(gè)魚形狀的(剪紙)。①Tom'sbirthdaycakewasintheshapeofatrain.湯姆的生日蛋糕是火車的形狀。[歸納拓展](1)inshape在形狀上；處于良好狀態(tài)；健康outofshape變/走樣；不成樣子；健康情況不佳intheshapeof某種形狀的，以……的形狀taketheshapeof呈……形狀，以……形式出現(xiàn)(2)o...把……加工成/塑造成……[即時(shí)鞏固]單句語法填空/完成句子②Thechildrenenjoyshapingthesnowintofiguresofpeopleandanimals.③Timisingoodshapephysicallyeventhoughhedoesn'tgetmuchexercise.④Childhoodexperiencesoftenplayabigpartinshaping_one's_character.童年經(jīng)歷在塑造一個(gè)人的性格方面往往起著重要作用。⑤Youhavebeensittingonmyhatandnowitisbadlyout_of_shape.你一直坐在我的帽子上，現(xiàn)在它已嚴(yán)重變形了。4eq\a\vs4\al(decoratevt.裝飾；裝修)[教材原句]ThenIwentintoasectiondecoratedlikeatraditionalChinesestudy...(P42)然后我走進(jìn)一個(gè)裝飾得像中國傳統(tǒng)書房的地方……①Itwasalsoatreasuredecoratedwithgoldandjewels.它也是一個(gè)裝飾有黃金和珠寶的珍寶。[歸納拓展](1)decoratesth.with...用……來裝飾……(2)decorationn.裝飾品；裝飾圖案[即時(shí)鞏固]單句語法填空②Theydecoratedtheroomwithflowersandballoonswiththefestivalapproaching.③WeboughtmanyChristmasdecorations(decorate)theotherday.5eq\a\vs4\al(lackvi.&vt.缺乏；沒有n.缺乏；短缺的東西)[教材原句]Whilesomesaycontemporaryartlacksskill,meaningandartisticvalue,othersarguethatitsworthliesinitsabilitytostimulatenewdiscussionsandunderstandingofeverydayobjects.(P43)雖然有人說當(dāng)代藝術(shù)缺乏技巧、意義和藝術(shù)價(jià)值，但也有人認(rèn)為它的價(jià)值在于能夠激發(fā)人們對日常事物的新的討論和理解。[歸納拓展](1)forlackof因缺乏……alackof缺乏……(2)lackingadj.短缺的；缺乏的belackingin缺少……(3)lack(for)sth.缺乏lackfornothing什么也不缺[名師點(diǎn)津](1)lack既可作動詞也可作名詞。作及物動詞時(shí)，后面直接跟賓語，作不及物動詞時(shí)常接介詞for；作名詞時(shí)，后面常用介詞of。(2)lacking為形容詞，但一般不放在名詞前作定語。[即時(shí)鞏固]完成句子①M(fèi)anypeopleinAfricancountriessufferfrommalnutritionfor_lack_of_food.非洲國家有很多人因食品缺乏而營養(yǎng)不良。②Alex'srealproblemisthathelacksconfidence.阿歷克斯真正的問題是缺乏信心。③Thoughlackinginmoney，hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtoauniversity.盡管缺錢，他的父母還是設(shè)法送他上了大學(xué)。1eq\a\vs4\al(putup修建；舉起；張貼；提高；提供膳宿)[經(jīng)典佳句]They'veputupalotofhigh-risebuildingsrecently.他們最近建起了很多摩天大廈。[歸納拓展]putaway儲存(錢)；儲存……以備用；儲蓄putforward提出(意見、建議)putdown記下；寫下put...in/into把……放進(jìn)……puton穿上；戴上；上演putoff推遲，拖延putout撲滅(火)；放出，擺出；生產(chǎn)；出版putupwith忍受；忍耐；受苦[即時(shí)鞏固](1)寫出下列句中putup的含義①Theshopkeeperputupasignoutsidetheshoptoattractcustomers.張貼②Thosewhoknowtheanswertothequestion,pleaseputupyourhands.舉起③Thegovernmenthaspromisedthattaxeswillnotbeputupagainthisyear.提高④Theyagreedtoputtwoforeignstudentsupoverthesummer.為……提供膳宿⑤They'reputtingupseveralnewofficeblocksinthecentreoftown.建造(2)介、副詞填空①Theconcerthadtobeputoffbecausethemainsingerwasill.②Nowtheelectricfanisnotinuse.Let'sputitaway.③Pleaseputdownthemostimportantpointswhilelisteningtothelecture.④mercialadvertisementisoneofthethingswehavetoputupwithwhenwatchingTV.⑤Asuggestionhasbeenputforwardthatweshouldrecyclethetextbooks.2eq\a\vs4\al(catchone'sattention引起某人的注意)[教材原句]Whatcaughtmyattentionfirstwasa15th-centuryqinghuabowlinabreathtakingexhibitionofChineseporcelain.(P42)在一個(gè)令人嘆為觀止的中國瓷器展中，首先引起我注意的是一個(gè)15世紀(jì)的青花碗。①Anarticleinthenewspapercaughtmyattention.報(bào)紙上的一篇文章引起了我的注意。[歸納拓展]payattentionto注意……fix/focusone'sattentionon/upon注意力集中在……attract/catchone'sattention引起某人的注意drawone'sattentionto引起某人的注意(to為介詞)bringsth.toone'sattention使某人注意某事devoteone'sattentionto專心于……turn/directone'sattentionto將注意力轉(zhuǎn)向……[即時(shí)鞏固]完成句子②Pleasepay_attention_towhatIamsaying.請注意聽我講的話。③Recentlythemediahavebeenfocusing/fixing_their_attention_onthedecreasingpetrolprice.近來，媒體一直在關(guān)注汽油價(jià)格下降問題。④Theexcellentfootballplayerquicklycaught_the_attentionofthepublic.這個(gè)出色的足球運(yùn)動員很快就吸引了公眾的注意。3eq\a\vs4\al(throwaway扔掉；浪費(fèi)掉)[教材原句]Then,in2015,cleanersinanItaliangallerythrewawayanartpieceaftermistakingthepileofemptybottles,cigaretteendsandpiecesofcolouredpaperforrubbish！(P43)然后，在2015年，意大利一家畫廊的清潔工將一堆空瓶子、煙頭和彩紙構(gòu)成的一件藝術(shù)品誤認(rèn)為是垃圾扔掉了?、賂hrowtheseoldmagazinesaway.把這些舊雜志扔掉。[歸納拓展]throwoneselfon...撲倒在……上throwoneselfinto投身于，致力于throwabout亂丟，亂扔throwback把……丟回throwoff匆匆脫掉衣服；扔掉[即時(shí)鞏固]單句語法填空/完成句子②Don'tthrowawaytherubbisheverywhere.③Hethrewoffhiscoatandstartedwork.④ThemomentIgothome,Ithrew_myself_onbed.我一到家就倒在床上。4be/beeawareof對……知道、明白；意識到……[教材原句]Trytobeawareofwhereandwhentopauseduringaconversation.(P43)試著在談話中注意停頓的時(shí)間和位置。①Smokersarewellawareofthedangerstotheirownhealth.吸煙者們都很清楚吸煙對其自身健康的那些危害。[歸納拓展](1)beawarethat...知道；體會到……makesb.awareof/that...使某人注意到……；提醒某人注意……asfarasI'maware據(jù)我所知(2)awarenessn.意識；認(rèn)識develop/raiseanawarenessof...培養(yǎng)/提高……的意識[即時(shí)鞏固]單句語法填空/完成句子②Heisawareofthedangerofgoingthere,buthehasnootherchoice.③Itisimportantthatstudentsdevelopanawareness(aware)ofvaluingparents'love.④As_far_as_I'm_aware,_theproblemiseasytodealwith.據(jù)我所知，這個(gè)問題很容易處理。1It'seasytoseegreatartnowadays，becausepeoplearecreatingiteverywhereyoulook.P41現(xiàn)在很容易看到偉大的藝術(shù)品，因?yàn)槿藗冊谀闼吹降娜魏蔚胤蕉荚趧?chuàng)造它。[句式分析]本句屬于Itis＋adj.＋todosth.“做某事是……”句式，句中it用作形式主語，真正主語為動詞不定式。①ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.對于我們來說學(xué)好英語太重要了。[歸納拓展](1)Itis＋adj.＋forsb.todosth.“某人做某事……”，該句式中作表語的形容詞說明不定式行為的性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)，常見的有：easy,important,difficult,possible,necessary等。(2)Itis＋adj.＋ofsb.todosth.“某人做某事……”，該句式中，作表語的形容詞表達(dá)不定式的邏輯主語的品行、性格或性質(zhì)，常見的有：kind,nice,good,honest,careful,clever,wise,stupid,foolish,rude等，往往這種形容詞可與sb.構(gòu)成主系表關(guān)系。(3)Itis＋adj./n.＋that-clause[即時(shí)鞏固]完成句子②Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit'sbetterto_remainsilent.不管你多么能言善辯，但有時(shí)候還是保持沉默更好。③Itisimpossiblefor_him_to_sleeponsuchasmallbed.他睡在這么小的床上是不可能的。④It's_careless_of_youtomakesomanymistakesinthisexam.你在這次考試中太粗心了，犯了如此多的錯(cuò)誤。2Everyonecancreateart，whatevertheirbackground.P43無論背景如何，每個(gè)人都可以創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)。[句式分析]whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，其含義相當(dāng)于nomatterwhat意為“不管什么，無論什么”，其位置可在主句前，也可在主句后。①Whateverhappens,youknowthatI'llstandbyyou.無論發(fā)生什么事，你知道我都會支持你。[歸納拓展](1)whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)相當(dāng)于nomatterwhat/who/which/whom。(2)whenever,wherever,however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于nomatterwhen/where/how。(3)however相當(dāng)于nomatterhow。句式結(jié)構(gòu)為：however＋形容詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語。[名師點(diǎn)津]“nomatter＋疑問詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，可放在主句前或主句后。[即時(shí)鞏固]單句語法填空/完成句子②Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants.③Whoeverisinterestedinmakingsmallinventionscanjoininit.④Whatever/No_matter_whatyoudo,don'tbeabystander.⑤Whenever/No_matter_whenI'munhappy,itismyfriendswhocheermeup.不管什么時(shí)候我不高興了，總是我的朋友們讓我振作起來?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動詞所表示動作的承受者，且強(qiáng)調(diào)此動作正在被進(jìn)行。一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成am/is/are＋being＋及物動詞的過去分詞Don'ttouchthemachinewhenitisbeingoperated.機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)別用手摸。Sometreesarebeingcutdowninthepark.公園里的一些樹木正在被砍伐。二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)的幾種結(jié)構(gòu)肯定結(jié)構(gòu)be(am/is/are)＋beingdone否定結(jié)構(gòu)be(am/is/are)＋not＋beingdone一般疑問結(jié)構(gòu)be(am/is/are)＋主語＋beingdone特殊疑問結(jié)構(gòu)特殊疑問詞＋be(am/is/are)＋主語＋beingdoneSomeanimalsarebeingprotectedwellenoughnow.(肯定結(jié)構(gòu))現(xiàn)在很多動物得到了足夠好的保護(hù)。Theengineerisnotbeingtreatedfairly.(否定結(jié)構(gòu))目前這位工程師沒有受到公平的待遇。Arethebabiesbeingtakencareofbythisnurse？(一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu))這些嬰兒正由這個(gè)護(hù)士照看嗎？Howmanybuildingsarebeingbuiltinthetown？(特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu))在這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)里有多少建筑物在建設(shè)？三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)的用法1．表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的被動的動作Thebridgeisbeingrebuiltbyagroupofworkersnow.一伙工人現(xiàn)在正在重建這座橋。2．表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的被動的動作Preparationsarebeingmadeforthe2020OlympicGamesinTokyo.東京正在為2020年的奧運(yùn)會做準(zhǔn)備。3．表示反復(fù)進(jìn)行的被動的動作always,frequently,constantly,often等和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)連用表示反復(fù)進(jìn)行的被動的動作，這種動詞形式常用來表示贊揚(yáng)或厭惡的感情色彩。LittleTomisalwaysbeingencouragedbyhisparents.小湯姆總是受到父母的鼓勵。Ifeelverysurprisedthatthewindowofourclassroomisoftenbeingbroken.我感到非常吃驚，我們教室的那扇窗戶經(jīng)常被打破。4．可與情態(tài)動詞連用，表示說話者對正在發(fā)生的被動行為的推測—DoyouknowwhatLiHuaisdoing?—Hemaybebeinginterviewedintheoffice.——你知道李華在干什么嗎？——他可能正在辦公室接受面試。四、使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)要注意的問題1．在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)中be(am/is/are)為第一助動詞，being為第二助動詞，缺一不可，且位置不可互換。Myputerisbeingrepairednow.我的電腦現(xiàn)在正在被修理。(強(qiáng)調(diào)正在被進(jìn)行)2．像takecareof,lookafter,talkabout,thinkof等動詞與介詞構(gòu)成的短語用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)時(shí)，其中的介詞不可省略。Somethingisbeingtalkedaboutamongthosepeople.那些人正談?wù)撝臣虑椤?．某些表示“狀態(tài)、心理活動、存在”等的動詞，如have，want，need，love，一般不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)，而常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。MrLi，youarewantedonthephone.李先生，有你的。putergamesarelovedbymoreandmoreyoungpeople.電腦游戲被越來越多的年輕人喜愛。4．“be(am/is/are)＋under/in＋n.”有時(shí)可相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。Theschoolisstillunderconstructionnow.＝Theschoolisbeingbuiltnow.學(xué)?，F(xiàn)在正在建設(shè)中。[名師點(diǎn)津]stay,love,have,want,belongto等一般不用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。[即時(shí)鞏固]Ⅰ.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Thematterisn't_being_discussed(notdiscuss)now.2．Anewschoolbuildingis_being_built(build)inourschoolnow.3．Theexperimentis_being_prepared(prepare)byJohnatpresent.4．Whyareyoualwaysbeing_punished(punish)byyourteacher?5．Theflowersareusuallywatered(water)everythreedays.6．—WhereisTomnow?—Hemustbe_being_scolded(scold)byhisfatherforhismistakes.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Thequestionis_being_discussedatthemeetingnow.這個(gè)問題現(xiàn)在正在會上被討論。2．Anotherbridgeis_being_builtovertheYangtzeRiveratpresent.目前長江上正在建造另一座大橋。3．Heis_being_interviewedbyourheadmasternow.他正在接受我們校長的采訪。4．Manyinterestingexperimentsare_being_carried_outthesedays.最近正在進(jìn)行許多有趣的實(shí)驗(yàn)。5．Look!Theforeignguestsare_being_shownaroundthefactorybyMrZhang.看！張先生正在