高中英語高考沖刺語法專題5謂語動(dòng)詞語態(tài)（學(xué)生版）

高中英語高考沖刺語法專題5：謂語動(dòng)詞語態(tài)【問題查找】單句語法填空“Thenight________(be)verydark.Someneighborswillealonglaterinthedarkandwillfallagainstthestone.”Atmyschool,“dressdown”tickets________(sell)onschooldays.3.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight________(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.4.Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement____________(reach)sofarbythetwosides.5.Katieisreadingthenotewhich____________(leave)inthedrawertheotherday.6.ChinatogetherwithsomeAsiancountries_______________(strike)byTyphoonHaiyanonNovember8th,causinggreatdamageanddeaths.7.Aboutonefourthofthefamiliesinthecityhaveprivatecarsandthisnumber_____________(expect)todoubleinfiveyears.【要點(diǎn)精講】被動(dòng)語態(tài)用以說明主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)共有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的__________，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的______________。漢語往往用"被"、"受"、"給"等被動(dòng)詞來表示被動(dòng)意義，英語中則由被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示?？键c(diǎn)一被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化觀察例句總結(jié)被動(dòng)語態(tài)在不同時(shí)態(tài)下的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeenpleted,andwe'rereadytostart.Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeenpletedinBeijing.AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.TheprojectwillhavebeenpletedbeforeJuly.Hetoldmethathisnewclotheswouldhavebeenmadeverysoon.被動(dòng)語態(tài)通常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式，被動(dòng)語態(tài)由be＋過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式為：時(shí)時(shí)體現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般進(jìn)行完成will/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendone考點(diǎn)二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式

1)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：_______________________。

例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebabysitter.2)有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。

例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改為He______________apresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動(dòng)。

例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改為Theboy______________smokingacigarette.在使役動(dòng)詞have,make,get以及感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，______________。

例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改為Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5)有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞＋介詞”，“動(dòng)詞＋副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。

例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.考點(diǎn)三不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況：【例1】1）He

went

home.

2）Mr.

Li

began

to

speak.

The

teachers

and

the

students

listened

carefully.

*不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)后面跟上介詞時(shí)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞(vt.)，就可以用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)了。如：

Mr.

Li

began

to

speak.

The

teachers

and

the

students

listened

to

him

carefully.

→Mr.

Li

began

to

speak.

He

was

listened

to

carefully

by

the

teachers

and

the

students.

結(jié)論1：所有的______________或_______________________不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)?！纠?】The

bus

holds

fifty

people.

√

這個(gè)汽車能坐50人?！鶩ifty

people

were

held

by

the

bus.

×

結(jié)論2：表示______________的謂語動(dòng)詞，如：last、hold（容納）、benefit、contain、equal、fit等?！纠?】1）I

have

some

new

books.

√

→Some

books

are

had

by

me.

×

2）This

car

belongs

to

my

uncle.

√

→Thiscarwasbelongedtomyuncle.

×

結(jié)論3：表示______________的動(dòng)詞，如have、own、belongto等?！纠?】Iwouldlikesomeapples.Iwishmyparentswillbuymeanapplephoneformybirthday.結(jié)論4：表示＂______________＂的動(dòng)詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等?！纠?】They

warned

themselves

to

be

careful.

They

help

each

other

in

study.結(jié)論5：賓語是______________或______________時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)?？键c(diǎn)四主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況：【例1】①Thefishsmellsgood.②Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.③Thesenovelswon’tsellwell.④Mypenwritessmoothly.⑤Thedoorwon’tlock.結(jié)論：系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式，但有些表示感受、感官的______________feel，sound，taste，book，feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。當(dāng)cut，sell，read，write，fill，cook，lock，wash，drive，keep等詞帶狀語修飾語時(shí)常被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來描述主語特征，常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，主語通常是物?！镒⒁猓褐鲃?dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是______________，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)_________________。試比較：ThebookHarryPottersellswell.（指HarryPotter這本書暢銷的特征）

ThebookHarryPotterissoldineverybookstoreinUK.（強(qiáng)調(diào)書“被賣”的動(dòng)作是人為原因）【例2】①Theplanworkedoutsuccessfully.②Thelampsonthewallturnedoff.③Thebikeneedsrepairing.＝Thebikeneedstoberepaired.④Thepicturebookiswellworthreading．＝Thepicturebookisveryworthytoberead．⑤Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.⑥Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?結(jié)論：當(dāng)breakout、takeplace、shutoff、turnoff、workout等動(dòng)詞詞組表示＂發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定＂等意思時(shí)；(4)want，require，need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義。(5)beworthdoing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。(6)在＂be+形容詞+todo＂中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)?！⒁猓哼@些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。另外：betoblame(受譴責(zé))，betorent（出租）也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。拓展補(bǔ)充：被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別：此處的系表結(jié)構(gòu)指“連系動(dòng)詞＋用作表語的過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，它與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式完全一樣。要注意它們的區(qū)別：被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)______________；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示____________________________。Thebookwassoldbyacertainbookstore.()Thebookiswellsold.()【查漏補(bǔ)缺】單句語法填空1.1.She_________(divorce)herhusbandafteryearsofunhappinessandmarriedagainsoon.2.Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,___________(regard)asoneofthebestallroundformsofexercise.3.Whenfatandsalt(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifismissingsomething.4.Astimewenton,Einstein’stheory__________(prove)tobecorrect.5.Greatchanges_____________(take)placeinChinasincethePeople’sRepublicofChina_____________(found)in1949.6.Thepen_____________(notbelongto)me.Itishers.7.Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,____________(regard)asoneofthebestallroundformsofexercise.8.Aftergettinglostinastorm,amemberofthenavyteam________(rescue)fourdayslater.9.Insomepartsoftheworld,tea______________(serve)withmilkandsugar.【梳理優(yōu)化】一、常考題型：1.語法填空題2.書面表達(dá)二、解題技巧◆謂語動(dòng)詞與語法填空被動(dòng)語態(tài)是?？嫉膬?nèi)容，會(huì)涉及一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。應(yīng)對(duì)策略1句中若缺少謂語，注意要考慮所給動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。判斷時(shí)態(tài)首先要確定時(shí)間，然后根據(jù)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的狀態(tài)來判斷應(yīng)該運(yùn)用哪種時(shí)態(tài)。有時(shí)也可以根據(jù)空格后和該句中已經(jīng)存在的謂語動(dòng)詞的并列關(guān)系來確定時(shí)態(tài)。句中缺少謂語，且與主語存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，考慮根據(jù)時(shí)間和動(dòng)作存在的方式，確定相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。注意只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。在確定謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)時(shí)，我們可從四個(gè)方面來進(jìn)行判斷：看句子中的時(shí)間狀語或時(shí)間狀語從句?？瓷舷挛牡闹^語動(dòng)詞的形式。看是否是特殊的句型。如：①was/wereabouttodo...when...did...②Itis/hasbeen＋時(shí)間段＋since從句(一般過去時(shí))③It/This/Thatisthefirsttimethat...have/hasdone...或It/This/Thatwasthefirsttimethat...haddone...④It’s(hightime)that...did/shoulddo...⑤Hardlyhad＋主語＋done...when...did...或Nosoonerhad＋主語＋done...than...did...這樣的句型還有很多，平時(shí)要注意積累?？磁c主語存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。若是被動(dòng)，還需看所給詞是否為及物動(dòng)詞，是否考查主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)等。注意主謂是否一致。【強(qiáng)化鞏固】語法填空ThenationalcollegeentranceexaminationinRussia,UnifiedStateExam,willincludeChineseas1._______________electiveforeignlanguagestartingfrom2019.ChinesewillbeethefifthelectivetestitemfortheUnifiedStateExam2.______________(follow)English,German,FrenchandSpanish.ThenumberofChineselearnersinRussia3.______________(grow)quicklyinthepasttenyears,accordingtoasurvey4._______________(make)byalinguisticresearchcenterinRussia.ApproachestolearningChinesechangefrompersontoperson,5.______________moreandmorepeoplechoosinguniversitycoursesinRussia.ThethreehourlongChinesetestwillquizstudents6._______________theirlistening,readingandwritingabilities,andafourthsectionwillexaminestudentsongrammar,vocabularyandChinese7.________________(character).SomepartsintheexamareevenalittlebitdifficultfornativeChinesespeakers.AccordingtotheOfficeofChineseLanguageCouncilInternational(Hanban),asof2017some100millionpeople,excludingnativespeakers,useChinese8.________________(global).TheUnitedNations(UN)in2010suggestedaChineseLanguageDay9._______________fallsonApril20eachyear10._______________(celebrate)culturaldiversity(多樣性）aswellastopromotetheequaluseofallofficiallanguages.【課后練習(xí)】一、單句語法填空1.Medicine

should___________(keep)indrawers

children

can't

reach,

and

allcleaningliquidsinhigh

cupboards.This

opening

led

to

a

cave,

so

the

historians

decided

to

have

a

look

around

it.

The

walls

ofthecave___________(cover)

with

ancient

art.In

US

high

school,

everything___________(record)andgraded,including

your

grades

onquizzes,tests

and

final

examinations.Every

day

the

chef

makes

sure

that

fresh

vegetables

and

high

quality

oil

___________(use)for

cooking.The

door

can't___________(shut),so

take

all

your

valuable

things

with

you.Nowalltheemployeesexceptthemanager____________(encourage)toworkonlineathome.Itisreportedthataspacestation____________(build)onthemooninyearstoe.Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy,but____________(hold)backthankfullybytheshopwindow.Moreexpressways____________(build)inSichuansoontopromotethelocaleconomy.Inmyhometown,thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheat____________(be)cut.Tomydelight,I____________(choose)fromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.二、語法填空ThePacificOceanThePacificOceanisthe__1__(large)oftheEarth'soceans,coveringabout46%oftheEarth'swatersurfaceand32%ofitstotalsurfacearea.Itextends__2__theArcticinthenorthtotheAntarcticainthesouth,__3__(surround)byAsiaandAustraliainthewestandtheAmericasintheeast.ThePacificOceancontainsabout25,000islands.The__4__(major)ofthemarefoundsouthoftheequator.__5__waterneartheequatorislesssaltythanthatfoundinthemid-latitudes(中緯度)for__6__(abundance)equatorialprecipitation(赤道降水)throughouttheyear.ThesurfacecirculationofPacificwatersis__7__(general)clockwiseintheNorthernHemisphereandcounter－clockwiseintheSouthernHemisphere.TheexploitationofthePacific'smineralwealthisvarious,__8__isinfluencedbytheocean'sgreatdepths.InshallowwatersoffthecoastsofAustraliaandNewZealand,naturalgasisproduced,andpearls__9__(harvest)alongthecoastsofAustralia,JapanandthePhilippines.Onemorethingworth__10__(mention)isthatthePacific'sgreatestwealthisitsfish.三、閱讀理解Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,“foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,”asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth’scoverstory.It’sjawdroppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from“ugly”(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”Ifthat’shardtounderstand,let’skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it'smorelike12bonesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished(有瑕疵的)producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.Suchmethodsseemobviousyetsooftenwejustdon’tthink.“Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat,”Curtinsays.4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste. B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat. D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.5.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetest?A.Moraldecline. B.Environmentalharm.C.Energyshortage. D.Worldwidestarvation.6.WhatdoesCurtin’spanydo?A.Itproduceskitchenequipment. B.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.C.Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits. D.Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.7.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?A.Buyonlywhatisneeded. B.Reducefoodconsumption.CGoshoppingonceaweek. D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.四、七選五Theworldisacolorfullandscapeofdifferentlanguages,skincolors,anddifferentcultures.It’simportanttohaveagoodunderstandingofdifferentculturesinordertobeeawellroundedperson____1____Onewayistoreadhookswrittenbyauthorsfromaparticularculture.Readingworksbyauthorswhohaveacloserelationshipwithaparticularcultureallowspeopletogainanauthenticglimpseintothefood,music,language,religion,andwayofalifeofaparticulargroupofpeople.____2____Anotherwaytolearnaboutdiffer