山東省煙臺市2023年高三《英語》上學(xué)期期末試題與參考答案

山東省煙臺市2023年高三《英語》上學(xué)期期末試題與參考答案第一部分：聽力做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。1.Whatkindofmoviemightinteresttheman?A.Acomedymovie.B.Adetectivemovie.C.Aromanticmovie..2.Whenwillthemetingbescheduledfortomorrow?A.15:20.B.15:40.C.16:00.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Asong.B.Amusicschool.C.Theman’sbrother.4.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Heenjoystryingnewthings.B.Hedoesn’tlikemakingcakes.C.Hepreferstosharehisnewrecipe.5.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Surprised.B.Depressed.C.Confident.第二節(jié)：聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howdidthemanworkonthereport?A.Herewroteitinthelibrary.BHecollectedalotofvaluablematerial.C.Hepolisheditupaftertakingthewomansadvice.7.Howdoesthewomanliketheman’sreport?A.Simple.B.Outdated.C.Fine聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodothisweekend?A.Studyforanexam.B.Relaxherself.C.Callonfriends.9.Whatdoesthemansuggestdoing?A.Seeingaplay.B.Goingtotheconcert.C.Watchingafilm.10.Whydothespeakersdecidetogotothemusicfestival?A.There’safamoussinger.B.It’sfreeforthemtoattend.C.Jennyinvitedthemtogowithher.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatwillthemanprobablydoontheproject?A.Collectthematerial.B.Writetheprojectplan.C.Dothecomputerwork.12.Whencanthemantakepartintheproject?A.OnApril29.B.OnMay1.C.OnMay3.13.Howwillthemangivethewomanhispersonalinformation?A.Byemail.B.Inperson.C.Byphone.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhatwillTinamainlydoinItaly?A.Goshopping.B.Travelaround.C.Attendaconference.15.WhatdoesTinathinkofstayingathome?A.Relaxing.B.Boring.C.Fun.16.WhatdoesBillwantTinatodo?A.TakehimtoRome.B.Buyhimsomepresents.C.Keepsomethingforhim.17.WhatdoesBillprefertocollect?A.Bottlecaps.B.Coins.C.Stamps.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhenwasNationalPoetryMonthofficiallylaunched?A.In1990.B.In1995.C.In1996.19.WhatdidtheAcademyofAmericanPoetsdoin1998?A.Itheldapoetrycontest.B.Ithandedoutbooksofpoetry.C.Itinvitedpeopletovoteforpoets.20.WhatdoweknowaboutNationalPoetryMonth?A.Itisquitepopularinmanyplaces.B.Studentswritethemostpoemsthatmonth.C.Itistheworld’ssecondlargestliterarycelebration.第二部分：閱讀第一節(jié)：閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ACALIFORNIACOLLEGEOFTHEARTS’PRE-COLLEGEPROGRAMHaveyoueverwonderedwhatit’sliketobeinartanddesignschool?Thisisyourtimetogrowasanindividualandtakeyourcreativepowertothenextlevel!TheCaliforniaCollegeoftheArts’Pre-CollegeProgramisopentoallinterestedparticipants,thosewithlittleartanddesignexperienceandthosewithadvancedskills.Participantswillhavetheopportunitytotakestudio-focused,college-levelcoursestohelpmakeconceptsandideasintorealworkswhileearning3collegecredits.In-person:July7-August3Animation3DArchitectureIllustration/DrawingIndustrialDesignPainting/DrawingYoursettingwillbetheCCASanFranciscocampus.YourbackdropwillbetheSanFranciscoBayArea,hometopowerhousebrands,techcompanies,world-classmuseums,andadynamicecosystemofartists,designers,andcreativesfromacrosstheglobe.Onlineofferings:June27—July29Thesethreestudiosallbeginat9a.m.MondaythroughFriday.Animation2D/3DFashionDesignGameDesignOnlinestudentsdonothaveaccesstoorparticipateinon-campusresourcesandactivities.Onlinecoursesaretypicallysmallerinsizeandtaughtbyhighlysuccessfulartists,architects,designersandwriters.Mostclassesmeettwotofivetimesweeklyandassignhomework,researchpapers,midtermsandfinals.AdditionalActivities:Optionaleveningandweekendactivitiessuchaslifedrawingsessions,lectures,andinterdisciplinary(跨學(xué)科)workshopsenhancetheoverallprogramexperience.Acalendarofactivitieswillbeprovidedtostudentstwoweeksbeforetheprogrambegins.Qualification:Theprogramisdesignedforthestudentswhowillhavecompletedtheirsenioryearofhighschoolbysummer2023.1.Inwhichaspectwilltheprogrambenefittheparticipants?A.Winningacollegescholarship.B.Enhancingtheircreativity.C.Gettingallcreditsrequiredatcollege.D.Havingtheirartworkspublished.2.Whatcanwelearnabouttheonlineofferings?A.Thecoursesaregivenbytopprofessionals.B.Onlinestudentscanuseon-campusresources.C.Theeveningandweekendactivitiesareamust.D.Studentshighly-experiencedinartsenjoypriority.3.Whoistheprogramtargetedat?A.Musicgeniuses. B.Studentsmajoringinart.C.Collegefreshmen. D.Highschoolgraduatesof2023.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了加州藝術(shù)學(xué)院的大學(xué)預(yù)科課程?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thisisyourtimetogrowasanindividualandtakeyourcreativepowertothenextlevel!”（這是你作為一個個體成長的時間，把你的創(chuàng)造力提升到一個新的水平?。┛芍?，該項目將在提高他們的創(chuàng)造力方面使參與者受益。故選B項。2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Onlineofferings中“Onlinecoursesaretypicallysmallerinsizeandtaughtbyhighlysuccessfulartists,architects,designersandwriters.”（在線課程通常規(guī)模較小，由非常成功的藝術(shù)家、建筑師、設(shè)計師和作家教授。）可知，我們能從在線服務(wù)中了解到課程由頂級專業(yè)人士講授。故選A項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Qualification:中“Theprogramisdesignedforthestudentswhowillhavecompletedtheirsenioryearofhighschoolbysummer2023.”（該項目是為將在2023年夏天完成高中最后一年的學(xué)生設(shè)計的。）可知，這個項目的目標(biāo)人群2023年高中畢業(yè)生。故選D項。BKidseverywherelovetoplay.Andtheyknowaballisaperfectthingtoplaywith.NowscientistsatLondon’sQueenMaryUniversityreportthatbumblebeesseemtoknowthesamething,makingbumblebeesthefirstinsectsknowntoplay.Whenpeopletalkabout“play”,they’redescribingananimaldoingsomethingthatdoesn’treallyseemtohelpit.They’renotdoingtheactiontogetfoodorshelteroranothersimilar“reward”.Playusuallyhappenswhenacreatureisrelaxedandisoftenrepeated.However,scientiststhinkmanyanimalsandbirds’playingisakindoftrainingforthingsthey’llhavetodealwithinlaterlife.Butbeforethis,therewerenoreportsofinsectsplaying.ScientistsatDr.Chittka’slab,carriedoutanexperiment.First,theytagged(貼標(biāo)簽)45youngbumblebees,bothmaleandfemale,between1and23daysold.Thetagsmadethebeeseasiertoidentifyandfollow.Thescientistssetupaclearpathwayfromthebumblebees’nesttoafeedingarea.Oneithersideoftheopenpathway,theresearchersplacedsmallcoloredwoodenballs.Ononesideofthepath,theballswereattachedandcouldn’tmove.Ontheotherside,theballscouldrollaround.Itturnedoutthatthebumblebeesweren’tinterestedintheunmovableballs,buttheymadelotsofvisitstotherollingballs.Grabbingtheballswiththeirlegs,thebeeswouldflap(拍打)theirwingstopullontheballs,causingthemtoroll.The45taggedbumblebeesrolledballs910timesduringtheexperiment.Thoughsomeonlydiditonce,othersdiditalot.Theyoungerbumblebeesspentmoretimerollingballs.Malesseemedmorelikelytoplaythanfemales.“It’snotclearwhythebeesrolltheballsorwhethertheyenjoyitButtheexperimentraisesimportantquestionsabouthowtheinsects’mindsworkandwhethertheyhavefeelings.Withfurtherresearch,thefuturewillholdsurprisesandanswersinstoreforus,”saidDr.Chittka.4.Whatisthepurposeofanimals’playaccordingtoscientists?A.Tofindidealshelter.B.Toreceiveextrarewards.C.Todevelopsurvivalskills.D.Togettheirfellows’attention.5.WhatdidDr.Chittka’sexperimentfocuson?A.Bumblebees’categories. B.Bumblebees’habitats.C.Bumblebees’intelligence. D.Bumblebees’behavior.6.Whatwastheresultoftheexperiment?A.Youngermalebumblebeespreferredtorolltheballs.B.Bumblebeespossesseddifferentwingbeatfrequency.C.Bumblebeescoulddistinguishballsofdifferentcolors.D.Aspecially-builtpathwayhelpedbumblebeesfindfood.7.WhatisDr.Chittka’sattitudetotheirfutureresearch?A.Uncertain. B.Doubtful. C.Optimistic. D.Critical.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。各地的孩子都愛玩。他們知道球是玩的完美的東西。文章介紹了現(xiàn)在倫敦瑪麗女王大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們報告說，大黃蜂似乎也知道同樣的事情，這使大黃蜂成為已知的第一個會玩的昆蟲?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“However,scientiststhinkmanyanimalsandbirds’playingisakindoftrainingforthingsthey’llhavetodealwithinlaterlife.”（然而，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，許多動物和鳥類的玩耍是一種訓(xùn)練，以便它們在以后的生活中應(yīng)對問題。）可知，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為動物玩耍的目的是培養(yǎng)生存技能。故選C項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“ScientistsatDr.Chittka’slab,carriedoutanexperiment.First,theytagged45youngbumblebees,bothmaleandfemale,between1and23daysold.Thetagsmadethebeeseasiertoidentifyandfollow.”（Chittka博士實驗室的科學(xué)家們進(jìn)行了一項實驗。首先，他們標(biāo)記了45只1至23天大的小大黃蜂，有雄有雌。這些標(biāo)簽使蜜蜂更容易被識別和跟蹤。）根據(jù)最后一段“It’snotclearwhythebeesrolltheballsorwhethertheyenjoyit”（目前尚不清楚蜜蜂為什么會滾動這些球）可知，Chittka博士的實驗關(guān)注的是大黃蜂的行為。故選D項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Theyoungerbumblebeesspentmoretimerollingballs.Malesseemedmorelikelytoplaythanfemales.”（年輕的大黃蜂花更多的時間滾球。雄性似乎比雌性更喜歡玩。）可知，實驗結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)年輕的雄性大黃蜂更喜歡滾球。故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Withfurtherresearch,thefuturewillholdsurprisesandanswersinstoreforus,”saidDr.Chittka.”（隨著進(jìn)一步的研究，未來將為我們帶來驚喜和答案，”Chittka博士說。）故可推知，Chittka博士對他們未來的研究持樂觀的態(tài)度。故選C項。CDronehobbyistswillberequiredtoregistertheiraircraftwiththegovernmentorfaceunspecifiedpenalties(處罰),theUSFederalAviationAdministration(FAA)announcedanewlawonMonday.Themoveisanattempttopreventdronesendangeringairsafety,asthenumberofcomplaintsabouterrant(偏離的)flyershasskyrocketedinrecentmonths,theFAAsaid.“Wearecertainlyseeingasignificantincreaseinreports,”Huerta,administratoroftheFAA,said.“Clearly,thisisanindustrythatistakingoff.Andtherearealotofactivitiestakingplaceinthenationalairspacesystem.”Dronesaretakingtotheskiesingroups,andthenumberoftinyflyersisexpectedtomultiplyinthecomingyears.AmazonandGoogleaimtousedronestodelivercommercialgoodsinthenextdecade.Alreadythisyear,pilotsandothershavereported100complaintsaboutdronesamonth,roughlydoubletherateofcomplaintsin2021,theFAAsaid.Manyofthosecomplaintsareaboutclosecalls,inwhichdronesnarrowlymissotheraircraft.TheFAAbarspeoplefromflyingdroneswithin5milesofanairportorhigherthan400feetabovetheground.Butincreasingly,dronepilotsarebreakingthoserules.InAugust,forinstance,twoairplaneslandingatKennedyInternationalAirportcamewithin100feetofadroneflyingataheightofroughly800feet.Whensuchdronesviolate(侵犯)airspace,thegovernmentcurrentlyhasnowaytolocatetheiroperators.TheTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)andtheFAAareworkingoutthedetails,butrightnow,thenewregistrywouldn’trequiredronestocarrytrackers.Anditwouldn’tinstituteapolicyof“geofencing”,whichinvolvescreatingmarked-offsafespaceswheredroneswouldautomaticallybedeactivated.“Unlessadronecrashes,itcouldbedifficulttoidentifytinyflyersfromsightalone.Butourbiggestchallengesofarhasnotbeenidentifyingthedroneitself.It’sbeenconnectingitbacktothepersonwho’susingit,”saidFoxx,secretaryoftheTSA.8.WhydidtheFAAannouncethelaw?A.Topromotedrones’businessservices.B.Toregulatedronesforairspacesecurity.C.Toadjusttheflightdirectionoferrantdrones.D.Tochargepeopleforpersonaluseofairspace.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bars”inparagraph5mean?A.Frees. B.Saves. C.Distracts. D.Prohibits.10.WhatisthemajorproblemthattheTSAfacesconcerningdrones?A.Buildingsafedroneairspace.B.Trackingdownthedronepilots.C.Publicizingcurrentflightrules.D.Plantingtrackersonthedrones.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DronesWillGetPeopleinTroubleB.AmericaIsExpandingDroneIndustryC.ComplaintsAboutDronesContinuetoPourinD.FlyingUnregisteredDronesWillBeIllegalintheUS【答案】8.B9.D10.B11.D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報道。主要報道了美國聯(lián)邦航空管理局(FAA)周一宣布了一項新法律，無人機愛好者將被要求將他們的飛機注冊為政府，否則將面臨未指明的懲罰。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Themoveisanattempttopreventdronesendangeringairsafety,asthenumberofcomplaintsabouterrantflyershasskyrocketedinrecentmonths,theFAAsaid.”（美國聯(lián)邦航空局表示，此舉是為了防止無人機危及空中安全，因為近幾個月來，有關(guān)飛行失誤的投訴數(shù)量激增。）可知，美國聯(lián)邦航空局宣布這項法律是為了加強無人機空域安全監(jiān)管。故選B項。【9題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段中“Butincreasingly,dronepilotsarebreakingthoserules.”（但越來越多的無人機飛行員正在打破這些規(guī)則。）but形成的轉(zhuǎn)折，說明越來越多的無人機飛行員正在打破這些規(guī)則，故可猜測劃線單詞bars為“禁止”的意思，結(jié)合選項D項Prohibits“禁止”意思一致。故選D項?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Whensuchdronesviolate(侵犯)airspace,thegovernmentcurrentlyhasnowaytolocatetheiroperators.”（當(dāng)這類無人機侵犯空域時，政府目前無法定位其操作人員。）根據(jù)最后一段中“Butourbiggestchallengesofarhasnotbeenidentifyingthedroneitself.It’sbeenconnectingitbacktothepersonwho’susingit,”saidFoxx,secretaryoftheTSA.”（但到目前為止，我們最大的挑戰(zhàn)并不是識別無人機本身。它一直在將它連接到使用它的人，”運輸安全管理局局長?？怂拐f。）可知，TSA在無人機方面面臨的主要問題是追蹤無人機駕駛員。故選B項?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第一段“Dronehobbyistswillberequiredtoregistertheiraircraftwiththegovernmentorfaceunspecifiedpenalties,theUSFederalAviationAdministration(FAA)announcedanewlawonMonday.”（美國聯(lián)邦航空管理局(FAA)周一宣布了一項新法律，無人機愛好者將被要求將他們的飛機注冊為政府，否則將面臨未指明的懲罰。）可知，文章主要講的是無人機愛好者必須要將他們駕駛的無人機注冊，否則將面臨未指明的懲罰。故文章最好的標(biāo)題是“在美國，駕駛未注冊的無人機將是非法的”。故選D項。DWhenAndretoothestandinacourtroomonafallafternoonin2022,hetestified(作證)tothefinancialworthofanold-growthredwood.AndreisaregisteredprofessionalforesterinCalifornia.Beforehistestification,forestersfromRedwoodNationalandStateParksinnorthernCaliforniaweredeepintoamonths-longinvestigationofburlpoaching(樹瘤偷獵).Burls,thebarkcoveredgrowthsthatcanstickoutfromatree’strunk,produceawoodthat’svaluedforitsuniquegrainandsmoothworkability.Becauseoftheirbeautyandrelativerarity,old-growthburlsfetchveryhighpricesandareeventuallyturnedintotablesandbowls,orcarvedintostatues.BurlpoachingisanongoingconcerninnorthernCalifornia’sparks.Itaffectsthestabilityofsomeoftheonlyold-growthcoastalredwoods:Only4%ofthecoastalredwoodsremain,and45%ofthoseareconservedinparkboundaries.Whensomeonepoachesaburlfromoneoftheseancienttrees,itleavesthetreewithstructuraldamagethatcankillit,andmakesitmoresubjecttodisease.Whenpoachingcasesarebroughttotrial,judgesaretaskedwitharguingforapunishmentthattakesatree’sworthintoaccount.Therelianceonapurelymarket-basedfineisgraduallyfallingfromfavor.Judgeshavestartedarguingmoreforcefullyforvaluationthatconsiderstheforestasacomplexecosystem,withinwhichold-growthisjustasingle,yetcrucial,element.It’sashiftfromtheeasilyquantifiabletowardamulti-aspectconsiderationofworth.Thegravityofpoachingismostfelt,notsimplythelossofamarketableresource.Thenewstrategyispartlyduetothesurprisinglylowfinesforpoachers,usuallybasedonthatweek’swoodmarketdata.Finally,thejudgeshandeddowntwoyears’probation(緩刑),communityservicehoursanda$1,200finetothepoacher.Althoughjudgesandforesterscontinuetoargueforexpandingdefinitionsof“worth”",poachingfromAmericanforestsstillremainsworththerisk.12.Whatdrivespoacherstostealoldgrowthredwoodburls?A.Theabsenceofaforestlaw. B.Theburls’medicinalproperties.C.Thecommercialprofitsfromburls. D.Theburls’fastreproductionability.13.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytellus?AWhereredwoodsaredistributed.B.Howmanyvarietiesofredwoodsexist.C.Whatthreatburlpoachingposestoredwoods.D.WhyCalifornia’sparksarehometoredwoods.14.Onwhatbasisshouldthepunishmentforpoachersbedetermined?A.Overallvalueofthetree. B.Previouspoachingcases.C.Averagewoodmarketprices. D.Environmentalimpactsofthetree.15.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthenewwaytojudgepoachingcases?A.Itfailstoreachdesiredeffects.B.Itcausespanicamongpoachers.C.Itdiscouragespeoplefrompoaching.D.Itguaranteesreasonablesentencestopoachers.【答案】12.C13.C14.A15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在北加州的公園里，樹瘤偷獵一直是一個令人擔(dān)憂的問題，以及關(guān)于判決偷獵案件的新手段并沒有達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果。12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Becauseoftheirbeautyandrelativerarity,old-growthburlsfetchveryhighpricesandareeventuallyturnedintotablesandbowls,orcarvedintostatues.”（由于它們的美麗和相對稀有，古老的樹瘤可以賣到很高的價格，最終被制成桌子和碗，或者雕刻成雕像。）故可推知，樹瘤的商業(yè)利潤驅(qū)使偷獵者去偷老紅木樹瘤。故選C項?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“BurlpoachingisanongoingconcerninnorthernCalifornia’sparks.Itaffectsthestabilityofsomeoftheonlyold-growthcoastalredwoods:Only4%ofthecoastalredwoodsremain,and45%ofthoseareconservedinparkboundaries.Whensomeonepoachesaburlfromoneoftheseancienttrees,itleavesthetreewithstructuraldamagethatcankillit,andmakesitmoresubjecttodisease.”（在北加州的公園里，偷獵樹瘤一直是一個令人擔(dān)憂的問題。它影響了一些僅有的古老的海岸紅杉的穩(wěn)定性：只有4%的海岸紅杉仍然存在，其中45%被保護(hù)在公園邊界。當(dāng)有人從這些古樹上偷取樹瘤時，它會給樹留下結(jié)構(gòu)上的損傷，這可能會殺死它，并使它更容易生病。）可知，這段主要講的是偷獵樹瘤對紅杉的威脅。故選C項?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Judgeshavestartedarguingmoreforcefullyforvaluationthatconsiderstheforestasacomplexecosystem,withinwhichold-growthisjustasingle,yetcrucial,element.It’sashiftfromtheeasilyquantifiabletowardamulti-aspectconsiderationofworth.”（法官們已經(jīng)開始更有力地支持將森林視為一個復(fù)雜生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的估值，在這個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中，原始植被只是一個單一但至關(guān)重要的因素。這是一個從容易量化到多方面考慮價值的轉(zhuǎn)變。）可知，對偷獵者的懲罰應(yīng)根據(jù)樹的整體價值來確定。故選A項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Althoughjudgesandforesterscontinuetoargueforexpandingdefinitionsof“worth”",poachingfromAmericanforestsstillremainsworththerisk.”（盡管法官和森林繼續(xù)主張擴大“價值”的定義，但是從美國森林中偷獵仍然值得冒險。）可知，關(guān)于判決偷獵案件的新方法，我們可以推斷出它沒有達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果。故選A項。第二節(jié)：閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。75yearsafterhumanssuccessfullyputtheirfirstobjectintospace,it’smucheasiertolaunchasatellite,butalotmessieroncewe’reupthere.”____16____Therearearound5000satellitesinorbitwithfewerthanhalfactuallyworking.Whenasatellitestopsfunctioning,itkeepsorbitingatveryhighspeeds,makingagreatthreatfortheusefulones.Sospacesustainabilityhasbecomeabigconcern.____17____Onesuggestedsolutionistorefuelthedeadsatellitesandbringthembacktolife.Anotherconceptistousearobotwithfourarmstocatchadeadsatellitebeforepullingitintotheatmospheretoburnitup.____18____Operatingarobotfromhundredsofmilesawayistough.Andtheworldhasn’tyetreachedaconsensus(共識)onwhyweshouldclearthespacejunkandtherearenorealrulesthatgovernhowweworkoutthere.Firstwhyshouldwekeepthingscleaninorbit?Weusesatellitestochecktheweather,findourwayaround,andforfinancialpurposes.Spacedatagivesusnotjustbeautifulpicturesoftheearth,butalsoinformationaboutclimatechange,naturaldisastersandotherthingsthatcanhelphumanswithearthboundchallenges.____19____Thenhowcanwehumansthinkasonebigcommunity?Governmentsshouldmakepowerfulregulations.Companiesoughttoengageinsharedpracticesandscientistsareexpectedtothinkuppracticalmethods.____20____Onlyinthiswaycanwekeepthoseorbitalhighwaysopenforthenextgenerationandbeyondbeforetheyaredeadlyblockedbyspacejunk.A.Theyprovideservicescloselyrelatedtoourlife.B.Thisishardbothtechnicallyandpolitically,though.C.Anyway,weshouldquickenthepaceofclearingup.D.Spaceisgettingincreasinglycrowdedanddangerous.E.Sowedependlargelyonspaceanditneedstobetidiedup.F.Scientistsarestrugglingforstrategiestotackletheproblem.G.Allofthesehavebeenintegratedintothesolutionswereallyneed.【答案】16.D17.F18.B19.E20.G【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述太空垃圾現(xiàn)狀以及呼吁全球一致共同清除?！?6題詳解】由后文“Therearearound5000satellitesinorbitwithfewerthanhalfactuallyworking.Whenasatellitestopsfunctioning,itkeepsorbitingatveryhighspeeds,makingagreatthreatfortheusefulones.(大約有5000顆衛(wèi)星在軌道上運行，實際運行的衛(wèi)星不到一半。當(dāng)一顆衛(wèi)星停止運行時，它會以非常高的速度運行，對有用的衛(wèi)星構(gòu)成巨大威脅。)”可知，這里主要講沒用的衛(wèi)星成了垃圾威脅其它有用衛(wèi)星。而D項Spaceisgettingincreasinglycrowdedanddangerous.(太空越來越擁擠和危險。)符合語境，其中dangerous與下文agreatthreat對應(yīng)。故選D項?！?7題詳解】由后文“Onesuggestedsolutionistorefuelthedeadsatellitesandbringthembacktolife.Anotherconceptistousearobotwithfourarmstocatchadeadsatellitebeforepullingitintotheatmospheretoburnitup.(一個建議的解決方案是給死去的衛(wèi)星加油，讓它們復(fù)活。另一個概念是用一個有四個手臂的機器人抓住一顆死衛(wèi)星，然后把它拖到大氣中燒掉。)”可知，后文在講解決太空中垃圾的方案。而F項Scientistsarestrugglingforstrategiestotackletheproblem.(科學(xué)家們正在努力尋找解決這個問題的策略。)符合語境，其中strategies和后文Onesuggestedsolution對應(yīng)。故選F項。【18題詳解】由后文“Operatingarobotfromhundredsofmilesawayistough.Andtheworldhasn’tyetreachedaconsensusonwhyweshouldclearthespacejunkandtherearenorealrulesthatgovernhowweworkoutthere.(在數(shù)百英里外操作機器人是很困難的。世界還沒有就我們?yōu)槭裁匆謇硖绽_(dá)成共識，也沒有真正的規(guī)則來指導(dǎo)我們?nèi)绾卧谀抢锕ぷ鳌?”可知，后文主要講清理垃圾在技術(shù)和政治上面的困難。而B項Thisishardbothtechnicallyandpolitically,though.(但這在技術(shù)上和政治上都很困難。)符合語境，其中technically和Operatingarobot以及politically和theworldhasn’tyetreachedaconsensus對應(yīng)。故選B項。【19題詳解】由上文“Spacedatagivesusnotjustbeautifulpicturesoftheearth,butalsoinformationaboutclimatechange,naturaldisastersandotherthingsthatcanhelphumanswithearthboundchallenges.(太空數(shù)據(jù)不僅為我們提供了地球的美麗圖片，還提供了有關(guān)氣候變化、自然災(zāi)害和其他可以幫助人類應(yīng)對地球挑戰(zhàn)的信息。)”可知，這里主要講太空數(shù)據(jù)對我們的用處。而E項Sowedependlargelyonspaceanditneedstobetidiedup.(因此，我們在很大程度上依賴于空間，需要對其進(jìn)行整理。)符合語境，其中wedependlargelyonspace有承上作用，itneedstobetidiedup有啟下作用。故選E項?！?0題詳解】由前文“Thenhowcanwehumansthinkasonebigcommunity?Governmentsshouldmakepowerfulregulations.Companiesoughttoengageinsharedpracticesandscientistsareexpectedtothinkuppracticalmethods.(那么，我們?nèi)祟愒趺茨茏鳛橐粋€大社區(qū)來思考呢？政府應(yīng)該制定強有力的法規(guī)。公司應(yīng)該參與共同的實踐，科學(xué)家應(yīng)該想出切實可行的方法。)”可知，這里主要從幾方面講我們?nèi)祟悜?yīng)該怎樣做來清理太空垃圾。而G項Allofthesehavebeenintegratedintothesolutionswereallyneed.(所有這些都已整合到我們真正需要的解決方案中。)符合語境，其中Allofthese與上文的幾方面措施對應(yīng)。故選G項。第三部分：語言運用第一節(jié)：閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。At17,Iquitschool,lefthomeandmovedfromplacetoplace.Yearslater,Iwas____21____forpossessingdrugs.I’dnevertoucheddrugs,butnobodybelievedmebecausemywanderinglifestylefailedtodefendmy____22____Iwassenttoprison.MycellmatewasHerbert.Webothworkedintheelectricshop.Iwouldn’tletthefactthatIwas____23____imprisoneddefeatme;sotokeepmyself____24____Ivolunteeredforextrawork,MyattitudeandeffortearnedmeHerbert’sconfidenceandfriendship.BeforeHerbertwas____25____,heofferedmeajobathisbigcompany.NeverhadIexpected____26____wouldsmileonme!DeeplytouchedbyHerbert’s____27____IwasdeterminedthatsomedayI’dhelpotherex-prisonersthisway.Onceoutofprison,IwenttoHerbert’scompany,whereIwas____28____rapidlythroughhardwork.WhenIhada____29____inemployment,Ibegantoperformthe____30____Ihadmadetomyself.Throughtheyears,wehaveofferedover300ex-prisoners____31____jobs.Webelieveinthem,regardlessoftheirpast.Asweknow,prison____32____aman.Whenhisternends,societyrarelygiveshimapaid-in-fullreceipt.Hecarriesthe____33____of“prisoner”whereverhegoes.Nobodytrustsorwantshim.Theonly____34____openforhimmightleadbacktocrime.I’mgladI’ve____35____someofthemandinspiredtheirpassionforanewlife.21.A.fired B.arrested C.rejected D.blamed22.A.dignity B.ambition C.innocence D.identity23.A.unjustly B.indirectly C.leisurely D.readily24.A.comfortable B.satisfied C.humble D.occupied25.A.sentenced B.released C.punished D.rescued26.A.duty B.freedom C.courage D.fortune27.A.trust B.honesty C.praise D.forgiveness28.A.promoted B.convinced C.informed D.educated29.A.choice B.judgment C.direction D.voice30.A.task B.function C.promise D.explanation31.A.challenging B.first-rate C.decent D.temporary32.A.limits B.transforms C.disciplines D.marks33.A.label B.attitude C.signal D.manner34.A.advice B.position C.route D.reward35.A.caughtupwithB.reachedoutto C.keptawayfrom D.gotaheadof【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.B26.D27.A28.A29.D30.C31.C32.D33.A34.C35.B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者含冤入獄，出獄后努力工作，在曾經(jīng)獄友的公司里幫助有入獄前科的人的故事。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：多年以后，我因藏毒品而被捕。A.fired開除；B.arrested逮捕；C.rejected拒絕；D.blamed責(zé)備。根據(jù)后文“Iwassenttoprison”可知因為藏毒被逮捕了。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我從未接觸過毒品，但沒有人相信我，因為我流浪的生活方式無法捍衛(wèi)我的清白——我被送進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。A.dignity尊嚴(yán)；B.ambition抱負(fù)；C.innocence無辜；D.identity身份。根據(jù)上文“I’dnevertoucheddrugs,butnobodybelievedme”可知作者是無辜的，但沒人能證明。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我不會讓我被不公平地囚禁的事實打敗我；所以為了讓自己忙碌，我自愿做額外的工作。A.unjustly不公地；B.indirectly間接地；C.leisurely悠閑地；D.readily準(zhǔn)備好地。結(jié)合上文可知作者是含冤入獄的，即不公平。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我不會讓我被不公平地囚禁的事實打敗我；所以為了讓自己忙碌，我自愿做額外的工作。A.comfortable自在的；B.satisfied滿足的；C.humble謙虛的；D.occupied忙碌的。根據(jù)后文“Ivolunteeredforextrawork”自愿做額外的工作是為了讓自己忙碌起來。故選D。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在赫伯特被釋放之前，他讓我在他的大公司工作。A.sentenced判刑；B.released釋放；C.punished懲罰；D.rescued營救。赫伯特是被釋放前承諾作者的，故選B?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我從未想過命運會向我微笑！A.duty義務(wù)；B.freedom自由；C.courage勇氣；D.fortune命運，運氣。作者有工作了，所以是時來運轉(zhuǎn)，命運對他微笑了。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：赫伯特的信任深深打動了我，我決定有一天我也要用這種方式幫助其他有前科的人。A.trust信任；B.honesty誠實；C.praise贊美；D.forgiveness原諒。赫伯特讓作者在自己的公司工作，信任作者。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：句意:出獄后，我去了赫伯特的公司，通過努力工作，我很快就得到了提升。A.promoted提高,晉升；B.convinced相信；C.informed通知；D.educated教育。根據(jù)后文“rapidlythroughhardwork”指通過努力工作得到晉升。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我在就業(yè)中有了發(fā)言權(quán)時，我開始履行我對自己做出的承諾。A.choice選擇；B.judgment判斷；C.direction方向；D.voice聲音。上文提到作者得到了晉升，即有了發(fā)言權(quán)。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我在就業(yè)中有了發(fā)言權(quán)時，我開始履行我對自己做出的承諾。A.task任務(wù)；B.function功能；C.promise承諾；D.explanation解釋。根據(jù)上文“somedayI'dhelpotherex-prisonersthisway.”指履行之前的諾言。故選C?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：多年來，我們?yōu)?00多名有前科的人提供了體面的工作。A.challenging挑戰(zhàn)性的；B.first-rate一流的；C.decent體面的；D.temporary暫時的。根據(jù)后文“Webelieveinthem,regardlessoftheirpast.(我們相信他們，不管他們的過去)”指為300多名有前科的人提供了體面的工作。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們知道，監(jiān)獄會標(biāo)記一個人。A.limits限制；B.transforms轉(zhuǎn)變；C.disciplines紀(jì)律；D.marks標(biāo)記。根據(jù)后文提到帶著罪犯的標(biāo)簽，可知，監(jiān)獄會標(biāo)記一個人。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他走到哪里都帶著“囚犯”的標(biāo)簽。A.label標(biāo)簽；B.attitude態(tài)度；C.signal信號；D.manner禮貌。根據(jù)后文“of“prisoner”whereverhegoes”指走到哪里都帶著“囚犯”的標(biāo)簽。故選A。【34題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對他來說唯一的出路可能是重新犯罪。A.advice建議；B.position位置；C.route路途；D.reward獎勵。根據(jù)上文“Nobodytrustsorwantshim.(沒有人信任或需要他)”可知，有前科的人唯一的出路可能是重新犯罪。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我很高興我與他們中的一些人進(jìn)行了接觸，激發(fā)了他們對新生活的熱情。A.caughtupwith趕上；B.reachedoutto聯(lián)系；C.keptawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離；D.gotaheadof提前。根據(jù)后文“someofthemandinspiredtheirpassionforanewlife”指接觸了有前科的人，激發(fā)了他們對新生活的熱情。故選B。第二節(jié)：閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式.Although____36____(use)inmanyAsiancountries,chopstickshavetheirbeginninginChina.Chinesechopsticksdatebackover4,000yearstoXiaDynasty.It’ssaidthat,____37____(save)timeforcontrollingfloods,Dayu,agreatrulerinancientChina,atehotfoodwithsticks.By500AD,chopstickshadb