現(xiàn)在完成時PresentPerfectTense課件人教版八年級英語下冊

PresentPerfectTense1、用來表示之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，而其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系:動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去,但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響。

Theyhaveleft.--他們已經(jīng)離開了,也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里

Ihave

hadmylunch.--我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了,也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓definition:現(xiàn)在完成時的含義2、也可表示發(fā)生在過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能繼續(xù)發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。

Hehas

learnedEnglishsince2001.--從2001年開始學(xué)的,現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢。Notestobetaken一.結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+p.p.(過去分詞）eg.Ihavefinishedthehousework.Y/N回答（affirmative/negative）SpecialquestionPassivevoicetimephrases時態(tài)標(biāo)志詞見講義functionspastevents,impactunfinishedevents,continueuptillnow,inthefuturepasteventstimelinepastfuturepresentactionshappenedinthepast發(fā)生在過去affectthepresent對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響impact,resultpasteventsIhavefinishedmyhomework.=Ifinishedmyhomework,andthereisnohomeworknow.pastpresentfinishednohomeworkpasteventsIturnedoffthelights,andthelightsaren'tonnow.(turn-turned-turned)Ihaveturnedoffthelights.SheboughtanEnglishbook,andshestillhasitnow.(buy)-bought-bought)ShehasboughtanEnglishbook.pasteventswash-washed-washedeat-ate-eatenunfinishedstates未完成的狀態(tài)futurepresenttimelinepastactionshappenedinthepast發(fā)生在過去havenotyetfinished到現(xiàn)在還沒有結(jié)束unfinishedstateseg.IhavelivedinChengdu.futurepresentpast20142015201620172014201520162017for+aperiodoftimesince+time+timeaperiodoftime+ago+sentenceunfinishedstatesfororsince1.Wehaveknowneachother________3years.2.IhavelearnedEnglish________2010.3.Hasshekeptthisbook________lastnight?4.Havetheybeenaway________alongtime?5.Hehaslosthisarms________hewas10.forsincesincesinceforunfinishedstatesIhavegot/gottenup.Ihavegotupsince7:00.√×Ihavebeenupsince7:00.borrowkeepgetmarriedbemarriedbeawayleavebeonbeginbuyhave非延續(xù)性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換沒有時間狀語，非延續(xù)OK有時間狀語，非延續(xù)

轉(zhuǎn)

延續(xù)continuationverbnon-continuationverbs類似的轉(zhuǎn)換還有：fallasleep — beasleep

movethere — bethereopen — beopen close — beclosed等

巧記10個瞬間性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換:“開始離去借來還，出生入死買到家”1beginbeon6gobeoff2leavebeawayfrom7joinbein3borrowkeep/have8diebedead4comebehere9buyhave5returnbeback10arrivebehereHedied10yearsago.---He____________for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---He________thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.---He________themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---He________heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.---Thelight____________for2hours.延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化hasbeendeadhaskepthashadhasbeenhasbeenoff6.Helefthere2yearsago.---He____________fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.---Thefilm____________for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.---Thedoor____________foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.---Thedoor_______________foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.---He________a______forayear.---He____________thearmyforayear.延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化hasbeenawayhasbeenonhasbeenopenhas beenclosedhasbeensoldierhasbeenin現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時

PPT&SPT

現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的比較

1）一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作；

現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。Isawthisfilmyesterday.

（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.

（強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）2）一般過去時

常與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用;

現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語:

yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1990,inOctober, justnow,… --具體的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語:

for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,uptonow,bynow,tillnow,inthepastfewyears,recently,…--模糊的時間狀語句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時

（錯）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.

（對）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.1.Hehasarrivedatschooljustnow.2.AllofushavelearnedEnglish.3.Ihavedrunkacupofcoffeelastnight.4.Mymumhasseenthismovie.5.Wehavelivedherethreeyearsago.×××√√Welivedherethreeyearsago.√現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時havegoneto

havebeentoHehasgonetoShanghai.他(已經(jīng))去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾經(jīng))去過上海。比較have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetopasteventsA:Haveyouever

beentotheGreatWall?B:Yes,Ihavebeenthere.

No,Ihavenever

beenthere.

No,Ihaven’teverbeenthere.HewenttoShanghailastweek.

他(曾經(jīng))到/去過上海

[在他人生中曾經(jīng)有過這樣的經(jīng)歷,但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來了]他已經(jīng)去上海了

[也許剛動身出發(fā),也許已經(jīng)到了,也許還在路上,反正他人不在這里]上周他[做了一件事:那就是]去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.HehasbeeninShanghaifor10years.他呆在上海迄今為止已經(jīng)10年了[現(xiàn)在還在上海沒有離開呢]HelivedinShanghaifor10years.以前他在上海住過10年

[現(xiàn)在不在上海了]辨析這些句子由時態(tài)導(dǎo)致的含義上的差別1.—Whatanicewatch!Howlong

you

it?—JustthreeweeksA.will，buyBdid，buyChave，had2.—

you

inGreenerChinaforalongtime？

—Yes,IjoineditfiveyearsagoA.Have,beenB.Has,joinedC.Have,joined3.TeacherLi

Japan,he

Japanfortwoyears.A.hasbeento,hasbeentoB.hasgoneto,hasbeeninC.hasgoneto,hasbeento4.Thestudentsaresorrytohearthatthefamoussinger

forhalfanhour.A.hasleftB.hasbeenawayC.hasgoneaway5.I

thisbookfortwodays,Ihavetoreturnitnow.A.borrowedB.haveborrowedC.havekept（C）（A）（B）（B）（C）6----When

you

youroldfriend?----Thedaybeforeyesterday.Awill,visitBdid,visitChave,visited7MrsWhite

inthisschoolsinceshecamehere.AteachesBtaughtChastaught8Nochildren

footballinthestreetsinceacarhitaboylastSunday.AhaveplayedBplayedCplaying9----I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.----Oh,notatall,I

hereonlyforafewminutes.AwasBhavebeenCwillbe10Hisfather

since1936.AdiedBhasdiedChasbeendead（B）（C）（A）（B）（C）1.have/hasbeento+地名”表示曾經(jīng)去過某地，說話時已經(jīng)回到說話地點，常與once、twice、ever、never等時間連用。eg.JimhasbeentoChina.(去過，已回）2“have/hasgoneto+地名”表示去某地了，現(xiàn)在沒有回答，人不在說話地點eg.JimhasgonetoChina.(現(xiàn)在正在China）3.have/hasbeenin+地名，表示呆在某地多久，常與表示一段時間的短語連用eg.JimhasbeeninChinasincetwoyearsago.(呆在中國兩年了，現(xiàn)在還在中國）Thankyou!常見句型：1.Itis/hasbeen+一段時間+since+過去時eg.據(jù)我上次見他已經(jīng)十年了。Itis(hasbeen)tenyearssinceIsawhim.2.Itis/Thisis+最高級+n.+that+Ihaveeverdoneeg.這是我們遇到過的最有吸引力的人了。Itisthemostattractive

personthatwehaveevermet.eg.這是她去過的最好的度假勝地了。

Thisisthebest

holidaylocationthatshehaseverbeento.structurefunctionspresentperfecttensesummarizehave/has+p.pa.pasteventsb.unfinishedstates三.延續(xù)性和非延性：不加時間該用啥用啥，加了時間才變后面的。eg.Ihaveborrowedthatbook.eg.Ihavekeptthatbookforoneday.非延續(xù)性動作含義延續(xù)性動作1borrow/lend借（進(jìn)/出）keep2buy買have3finish/end完成，結(jié)束beover4begin/start開始beon5open開beopen6close關(guān)beclosed7die死亡bedead8arrive/come/go/move/reach/getto到達(dá)bein/at+地點&behere/there三.延續(xù)性和非延性：不加時間該用啥用啥，加了時間才變后面的。eg.Ihave