閱讀理解語(yǔ)篇類型說(shuō)明文課件高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)

閱讀理解：說(shuō)明文expositionByShirleyHuThedifficultyofreadingexpositioncomplexsentenceslogicalthinkingadvancedwordsUnfamiliartopicslongtext

AnAustralianprofessorisdevelopingarobottomonitorthehealthofgrazingcattle,adevelopmentthatcouldbringbigchangestoaprofessionthat'sreliedlargelyonalow-techapproachfordecadesbutisfacingalaborshortage.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.Allaroundtheworld,therearesmallchangestakingplace.Atthesideofroads,behindschoolplaygroundsandonallkindsofunlovedpiecesoflandacrosstownsandcities,tinyforestsbarelythesizeoftenniscourtsareappearing,makingagreatplaceforbothwildlifeandlocalpeoplewhomaynotnormallyhaveeasyaccesstonature.ThisistheTinyForestmovement,whichaimstoprovethatthebestthingsinlifereallydocomeinsmallpackages.說(shuō)明文文本框架分析0102社會(huì)現(xiàn)象

新品介紹新做法新理論研究報(bào)告0304研究報(bào)告Part1研究報(bào)告研究結(jié)果研究方法結(jié)論闡述專家評(píng)議主旨大意最佳標(biāo)題細(xì)節(jié)理解/推斷細(xì)節(jié)理解/推斷情感態(tài)度細(xì)節(jié)理解/推斷說(shuō)明方法Allaroundtheworld,therearesmallchangestakingplace.Atthesideofroads,behindschoolplaygroundsandonallkindsofunlovedpiecesoflandacrosstownsandcities,tinyforestsbarelythesizeoftenniscourtsareappearing,makingagreatplaceforbothwildlifeandlocalpeoplewhomaynotnormallyhaveeasyaccesstonature.ThisistheTinyForestmovement,whichaimstoprovethatthebestthingsinlifereallydocomeinsmallpackages.Tinyforestswerefirstpioneeredasaconceptinthe1970sbyDrMiyawaki,aJapanesebotanist.Ashewentontosharehisconceptwithothers,theideasoontookoffinIndiaandothercountriesbeforeeventuallyreachingEurope,whereitbecamepopularinplaceslikeFrance,BelgiumandtheNetherlands.Sohowdoesitwork?LouiseHartley,whoisleadingtheTinyForestprojectintheUK,explainsthattheprocessbeginsbyidentifyingareasinwhichatinyforestcouldhavethebiggestinfluence.“Wefocusonurbanareaswhereaccesstonatureisoftennotthateasy”,saysHartley.“Weseeitasachancetotrytobreakthegrowingdisconnectbetweenpeopleandnature.”InaTinyForest,theremustbeaminimumof600trees,andthetreesareplantedmuchclosertogetherandwithoutchemicalsorfertilisers(肥料).Thereareusuallyaround30differentkindsofall-nativetreespecies(物種).Thisvariety,coupledwiththefactthattinyforestsgrowuptotentimesfasterthanstandardforests,meanstheyattractarichabundanceofwildlife.It’salsothoughtthattheseplacescouldhelpreducetheriskofflooding,removecarbonfromtheatmosphereandfightclimatechange,aswellasimprovingthementalhealthofthoselivinglocally.24.

WhatdoweknowabouttheTinyForestmovement?A.

Ithasachievednotablesuccess.

B.

Itisledbynumberofschools.C.

ItbeganinEuropeinthe1970s.

D.

Itwillspreadtothecountryside.25.

WhatisthepurposeoftheprojectledbyHartleyintheUK?A.

Topromoteeco-tourism.

B.

Toimproveforestryresearch.C.

Topopularisegardening.

D.

Togetpeopleclosetonature.26.

WhatisspecialaboutthetreesinaTinyForest?A.

Theyaresmallinsize.

B.

Theyarethicklyplanted.C.

Theyareforeignspecies.

D.

Theyareheavilyfertilised.【2022?浙江6月卷】社會(huì)現(xiàn)象Part2社會(huì)現(xiàn)象提出現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生原因造成影響人們看法預(yù)言、警告、措施(2021.1)Whydoestheauthorfindwalkingwithhersonworthwhile?（細(xì)節(jié)理解）TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（設(shè)施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.12.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.

B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren’shealth.

D.Toencourageresearchineducation.13.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.

B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.

D.Theyreducedtheirproducts’sugarcontent.14.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.

B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.

D.ClassicCoke.15.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.

B.Itisasuccessstory.C.

Itbenefitsmanufacturers.

D.

Itupsetscustomers.【2022?全國(guó)乙卷】新品介紹Part3新產(chǎn)品介紹提出現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)品的功能設(shè)計(jì)的原理產(chǎn)品的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)市場(chǎng)發(fā)展前景AnAustralianprofessorisdevelopingarobottomonitorthehealthofgrazingcattle,adevelopmentthatcouldbringbigchangestoaprofessionthat'sreliedlargelyonalow-techapproachfordecadesbutisfacingalaborshortage.SalahSukkarieh,aprofessorattheUniversityofSydney,seesrobotsasnecessarygivenhowcattlemenareaging.Heisbuildingafour-wheeledrobotthatwillrunonsolarandelectricpower.Itwillusecamerasandsensorstomonitortheanimals.Acomputersystemwillanalyzethevideotodeterminewhetheracowissick.Radiotags

(標(biāo)簽)

ontheanimalswillmeasuretemperaturechanges.Thequalityofgrasslandwillbetrackedbymonitoringtheshape,colorandtexture

(質(zhì)地)

ofgrass.Thatway,

cattlemenwillknowwhethertheyneedtomovetheircattletoanotherfieldfornutritionpurposes.Machineshavelargelytakenoverplanting,wateringandharvestingcropssuchascomandwheat,butthemonitoringofcattlehasgonethroughfewerchanges.ForTexascattlemanPeteBonds,it'sincreasinglydifficulttofindworkersinterestedinwatchingcattle.ButBondsdoesn'tbelievearobotisrightforthejob.Yearsofexperienceintheindustry-andfailedattemptstousetechnology-haveconvincedhimthatthebestwaytocheckcattleiswithamanonahorse.Bonds,whoboughthisfirstcattlealmost50yearsago,stillhaseachofhiscowboysinspect300or400cattledailyandlookforsignsthatananimalisgettingsick.Othercattlemenseemorepromiseinrobots.MichaelKelseyParis,vicepresidentoftheOklahomaCattlemen'sAssociation,saidarobotcouldbeextremelyusefulgivenrisingconcernsaboutcattletheft.Cattletendtobekeptinremoteplacesandtheirvaluehasrisen,makingthemappealingtargets.32.

Whatisaproblemwiththecattle-raisingindustry?A.

Soilpollution.

B.

Lackofworkers.C.

Agingmachines.

D.

Lowprofitability.33.

WhatwillSukkarieh'srobotbeabletodo?A.

Monitorthequalityofgrass.

B.

Curethediseasedcattle.C.

Movecattletoanotherfield.

D.

Predictweatherchanges.34.

WhydoesPeteBondsstillhirecowboystowatchcattle?A.

Hewantstohelpthemearnaliving.B.

Hethinksmencandothejobbetter.C.

Heisinexperiencedinusingrobots.D.

Heenjoysthetraditionalwayoflife.35.

HowmayrobotshelpwithcattlewatchingaccordingtoMichaelKelsey?A.

Increasethevalueofcattle.

B.

Bringdownthecostoflabor.C.

Makethejobmoreappealing.

D.

Keepcattlefrombeingstolen.【2021?新高考II卷】新做法新理論P(yáng)art4提出新做法新理論新做法新理論運(yùn)行原理產(chǎn)生原因優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)評(píng)議、前景(2020.1)Milwaukee'snewwaytode-icestreetsmaybeanexampleof_______________.（主旨大義）不同類型的說(shuō)明文———大框架模式導(dǎo)入topicwhat演繹分析howwhy結(jié)論opinions/comments/futureIn1970s,apsychologistnamedJ.P.Guilfordconductedafamousstudyofcreativityknownasthenine-dotpuzzle(九點(diǎn)謎題).Hechallengedresearchsubjectstoconnectallninedotsusingjustfourstraightlineswithoutliftingtheirpencilsfromthepage.Alltheparticipantslimitedthepossiblesolutionstothosewithintheimaginarysquare.Only20percentmanagedtobreakoutoftheconfinement(束縛)andcontinuetheirlinesinthewhitespacesurroundingthedots.Thefactthat80percentoftheparticipantswereeffectivelyblindedbytheboundariesofthesquareledGuilfordtojumptothesweepingconclusionthatcreativityrequiresyoutogooutsidethebox.Theideawentviral.Overnight,itseemedthatcreativityexpertseverywherewereteachingmanagershowtothinkoutsidethebox.Theconceptenjoyedsuchstrongpopularitythatnoonebotheredtocheckthefacts.Noone,thatis,beforetwodifferentresearchteams-ClarkeBurnhamwithKennethDavis,andJosephAlbawithRobertWeisberg--rananotherexperiment.Bothteamsfollowedthesamewayofdividingparticipantsintotwogroups.ThefirstgroupwasgiventhesameinstructionsastheparticipantsinGuilford'sexperiment.Thesecondgroupwastoldthatthesolutionrequiredthelinestobedrawnoutsidetheimaginarybox.Guesswhat?Only25percentsolvedthepuzzle.Instatisticalterms,this5percentimprovementisinsignificantasthiscouldbecalledsamplingerror.Let'slookalittlemorecloselyatthesurprisingresult.Solvingthisproblemrequirespeopletoliterallythinkoutsidethebox.Yetparticipants'performancewasnotimprovedevenwhentheyweregivenspecificinstructionstodoso.Thatis,directandclearinstructionstothinkoutsidetheboxdidnoth