WeleUnitDiscoveringusefulstrutures課件高中英語人教版

Let’sreviewWhatIsSubject?1.S(subject)主語1.1Atigereatsmeat.

S1.2Heismyfather.

S1.3.Mr.Woodisateacher.

S

Whatcanbe“subject”inasentence?atiger?noun√he?pronoun√Mr.Wood?noun×name√Let’sreviewWhatIsVerb?2.V(verb)謂語動詞2.1Atigereatsmeat.

V2.2Afishcanswim.

V2.3.He

doesn’tlike

fruit.

V

Whatcanbe“verb”inasentence?can=V×doesn’t=V×canswim√Let’sreviewWhatIsObject?3.O(object)賓語3.1Atigereats

meat.

O3.2Ilikeit.

O3.3HecalledTom.

O

Whatcanbe“object”inasentence?meat?noun√it?pronoun√Tom?nameLet’sreviewWhatIsPredicative?4.P(predicative)表語4.1Helooks

fine.

P

4.2Youarehappy.

P4.3Hebecameateacher.

P

Whatcanbe“predicative”inasentence?=linkverblinkverb+adj./noun=PPcontainsaverb!Let’sreviewWhatIsAdverbial?5.A(adverbial)狀語5.1HelivesinShenzhen.

A

5.2Yougotoschoolbybus.

A5.3Hewasbornin1918.

A

Whatcanbe“adverbial”inasentence?Let’sreviewWhatIsDO(DirectObjective)?6.DO(directobjective)直接賓語6.1Hegavemeapen.

DO

6.2Weboughthimagift.

DO6.3Hewrotemealetter.

DO

Whatcanbe“directobjective”inasentence?Let’sreviewWhatIsIO(IndirectObjective)?7.IO(indirectobjective)間接賓語7.1Hegavemeapen.

IO

7.2WeboughtMr.Woodagift.

IO7.3Hewrotehismotheraletter.

IO

Whatcanbe“indirectobjective”inasentence?Let’sreviewWhatIsC(Complement)?8.C(complement)賓語補足語8.1Thewarmadehimahero.

C

8.2Thefirelefthimhomeless.

C8.3Hefoundhisglassesbroken.

C

Whatcanbe“complement”inasentence?句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。PDOOAC

(subject)SV(verb)(object)

(predicative)

(adverbial)

(directobject)I0(indirectobject)（同位語）appositive（定語）attribute主語狀語賓語補足語直接賓語表語賓語間接賓語謂語Thecarrunsfast.Sheiskind.EightisaluckynumberinChina.Swimmingismyfavorite.Toseeistobelieve.Whatweneedistime.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.名詞動名詞動詞不定式代詞數(shù)詞主語從句

it:形式主語1.Findoutthesubjectsinthefollowingsentencesandthinkabouttheirfunctions.主語：句子敘述的主體，動作的發(fā)出者。說明主語“做什么”或“怎么樣”,謂語通常是動詞。謂語V(verb)2、復合謂語：a.由情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形或其他助動詞加動詞某種形式構(gòu)成。

HecanspeakEnglish.b.助動詞：幫助構(gòu)成時態(tài)和語態(tài)，不同時態(tài)有不同的助動詞,

后加動詞的某種形式構(gòu)成謂語。Theyaretalkingaboutsomething.Ihaveseenthefilmbefore.1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.TheycanspeakEnglishwell.助動詞和情態(tài)動詞須和實義動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語Helookedaftertwoboys.找出謂語1.Theysawanexhibitionyesterday.2.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.3.Shewantstojointheclub.4.Ienjoyedlisteningtopopularmusic.5.Ithinkheisfitforhisoffice.6.Peoplefinditimportanttogetagoodeducation.7.Hetoldusastory.3.Underlinetheobjects.名詞數(shù)詞動詞不定式動名詞

賓語從句

形式賓語間接賓語

直接賓語賓語：動作的對象、承受者。賓語由名詞，代詞，不定式，動名詞，從句等或者是相當于名詞的詞或者是短語充當在動詞后方所跟的雙賓語中，表示物的叫做直接賓語directobject（簡稱“直賓”），表示人的叫做間接賓語(indirectobject)。Hereadusthetext.→Hereadthetexttous.Mysisterwrote

mealetter.→Mysisterwrotealettertome.HenryteachesusEnglish.→HenryteachesEnglishtous.Mymotherboughtmeawatch.→Mymotherboughtawatchforme.Hermothermadeheracake.→Hermothermadeacakeforher.

直接賓語directobject間接賓語indirectobject雙賓語人是間接賓語，物是直接賓語雙賓語：IO+DO4.linking-verbIamhappy.Thedayturnslong.Hegetsangry.Heseemsill.Itremainsamystery.--后跟表語，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示主語的狀態(tài)、身份、特征等說明主語“是什么”,“怎么樣”位于系動詞之后Hermotherisateacher.Iamten.Hebecamerichandsuccessful.Everyoneishere.Theyareathomenow.MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.表語predicative（名詞）（數(shù)詞）（形容詞）

（副詞）（介詞短語）（不定式）HisfathernamedhimTerry.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.Letthefreshairin.Wesawhimenteringtheroom.Wefoundeverythingingoodorder.Shethinksheragoodteacher.Iwillhavemyhaircuttomorrowmorning.賓語補足語英語中有些及物動詞接賓語后，意義仍然不完整，還需要一個句子成分來補充說明賓語的意義，狀態(tài)等，這就是賓語補足語。Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbetty’s

sister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容詞)(名詞)(數(shù)詞)(名詞的所有格)(動名詞)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞)定語定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾，限定作用的句子成分。1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

4.Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.

5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.

6.Shesatthere,readingabook.7.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.8.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.9.sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.10.Iamtallerthanheis.時間原因條件地點方式伴隨目的結(jié)果讓步比較狀語用于修飾形容詞,副詞,動詞,介詞短語或句子.可表示時間,地點,原因,結(jié)果,目的,方式,伴隨,條件,程度,讓步,頻率等。ＳＶ（不及物動詞）1.Time2.Themoon3.Weall4.They5.He6.He7.Theyflies.rose.eat,anddrink.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterday.isplaying.listenstoclassicalmusic..不及物動詞后面不可直接加賓語。如需要加賓語，需要添加介詞②SVO

主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語此句型中謂語是及物動詞，其后必須跟賓語才能使句意表達完整。注意：一些不及物動詞后面加介詞相當于一個及物動詞，之后可加賓語。例1Youmust

listentoyourteacher.例2Myfather

arrivedinLondonyesterday.例3Heis

laughingatthecrippledwoman.例4I’ll

writeabout

myfootballteaminmyfuturebooks.③SVP

主語+系動詞+表語此類型的句子，謂語動詞不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)的表語，才能表達完整的意思。例1Shebecame

asinger.例2Mybrotheris

out

now.例3Breakfastsmells

good.④SVIODO主語+謂語(及物動詞)+間接賓語+直接賓語例2IboughtTomabirthdaygift.間接賓語直接賓語例1Ishowedhermyphotos.間接賓語直接賓語常見的可接雙賓語的動詞有：give,send,bring,owe,take,offer,pass,lend,tell,return,promise,show,write,throw,hand,award,grant等所有畫線部分都是短語(詞組)。Thefirstweek,thebuilding,myfirstFrenchclass和theteacher屬于名詞短語。alittleconfusing，sobig,completelylost,veryconfusing都屬于形容詞短語。soquickly自成一體，屬于副詞短語。共性總結(jié)短語或詞組是具有一定意義但不構(gòu)成句子或從句的一組詞。短語或詞組(Phrases)是具有一定意義但不構(gòu)成句子或從句的一組詞。在高中階段，常見的短語形式有：名詞短語、

短語、

短語、

短語及

短語等。形容詞副詞介詞動詞名詞短語1.請完成下列表格，并寫出其相應(yīng)的構(gòu)成形式名詞短語構(gòu)成

兩輛車限定詞＋名詞

一位漂亮的女孩__________________________________________________________我校一個美麗的校區(qū)________________________

我的學校生活__________________________twocarsabeautifulgirlabeautifulcampusofmyschoolmyschoollife限定詞＋形容詞(短語)＋名詞限定詞＋名詞＋介詞短語限定詞＋描述性名詞＋名詞名詞短語是指以一個名詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語。NounPhrase（NP）(1)限定詞包括:冠詞(a/an/the)指示代詞(this/that/these/those等)物主代詞(my/your/his/her/our/their等)不定代詞(some/no/neither/both等)數(shù)詞(one/two/first/second等)。名詞短語(nounphrases)(2)多個形容詞修飾名詞時，其順序為:限定詞—數(shù)詞—描繪詞—出處—材料性質(zhì)—類別—名詞。如：asmallroundtable/atallgraybuilding/adirtyoldbrownshirt/afamousGermanmedicalschool/anexpensiveJapanesesportscar順口溜記憶:縣(限定詞)官(觀點形容詞)行(形狀形容詞)大(大小形容詞)令(年齡新舊形容詞)射(顏色形容詞)國(國家等出處形容詞)才(材料質(zhì)地等形容詞)。名詞短語(nounphrases)2.請完成下列句子，并寫出這些名詞短語的句法功能完成句子句法功能

attractedalotofreaders.這篇文章有趣的標題吸引了很多讀者。_____Howtofightagainstsuchadiseaseis

today.怎樣與那種疾病作斗爭是今天的熱點話題。_____Shebought

.她給母親買了一些花。_____Peopleconsideredhim