TEM-4-(第五節(jié)-非謂語動詞、獨立主格和情態(tài)動詞)課件

TEM-4Vocabulary&Grammar五、非謂語動詞、獨立主格、情態(tài)動詞

1精選2021版課件非謂語動詞

非謂語動詞不能在句子中單獨作謂語，不受主語的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)限制。非謂語動詞有：不定式、動名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在/過去）。否定形式：not(to)do,notdoing,notbeingdone,nothavingdone非謂語動詞常在句中作除了謂語之外的成分，如：作主語、表語、賓語、狀語、定語和補語

Vocabulary&Grammar2精選2021版課件不定式、動名詞可直接作主語由it充當(dāng)形式主語Itisnousedoingsth.Itiseasytodosth.

Therebe句型往往用動名詞作主語：“沒法”Therewasnotellingwhenthismighthappenagain.Therewasnoarguingwithher.主語和表語都是非謂語動詞時，結(jié)構(gòu)須一致：Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.1.___isnotaseriousdisadvantageinlife.(2001)a.Tobenottall.B.Nottobetall.C.Beingnottall.D.Notbeingtall2.TheMinisterofFranceisbelieved___ofimposingnewtaxestoraiseextrarevenue.a.thatheisthinkingb.tobethinkingc.thatheistothinkd.tothinkVocabulary&Grammar非謂語動詞DB3精選2021版課件

不定式的完成時態(tài)可表示先于語謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；也可表示表示過去沒能實現(xiàn)的愿望、計劃或與過去事實相反的愿望、期待、計劃等：

intended,hoped,wanted,expected,meant,promised,planned,wished,thought,was,weree.g.

1.

AIDSissaid____thenumber-onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsintheregion.(2002)a.beingbtobec.tohavebeend.havingbeen2.Lindawas__theexperimentamonthago,butshechangedhermindatthelastminute.(2007)a.tostartb.tohavestartedc.tobestartedd.tohavebeenstartingVocabulary&Grammar非謂語動詞cb4精選2021版課件

省略TO的不定式e.g.1.____himtomorrow?(2001)a.Whynottocallonb.whydon’tcallonc.whynotcallingond.whynotcallonhadbetter,wouldrather,wouldrather…than,wouldsooner…than,cannotbut,cannothelpbut…,donothingbut,mightaswell等后的不定式要省略to不定式特殊句型：suchasto…such…asto…so…asto…e.g.

Thestoryissotouchingastomakeeveryonecry.

Vocabulary&Grammar非謂語動詞d5精選2021版課件不定式和動名詞由其前面的動詞要求常接動名詞的動詞有：advise,avoid,consider,enjoy,confess,delay,deny,involve,finish,mind,mention,postpone,resent,suggest,stand,understand,complete,cease/stop/quit,forget/remember/regret;trytodo(盡量)，trydoing試著；meandoingsth(意味著)，meantodosth打算wanttodosth（想做）,wantdoing(需要被)即可用動名詞的主動形式也可以用不定式的被動語態(tài)表被動的有：need,want,deserve,repay,requiree.g..Theflowersneedwatering/needtobewateredVocabulary&Grammar非謂語動詞6精選2021版課件分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞：表主動過去分詞：表被動e.g.1.___atinthisway,thesituationdoesn’tseemsodesperate.(2007)A.LookingB.LookedC.BeinglookiedD.Tolook2.Thereareonlytenapplesleftinthebaskets,___thespoiltone.(2006)A.notcountingB.nottocountC.don’tcountD.havingnotcount3.Ifnot____withtherespecthefeelsduetohim,Jackgetsveryill-temperedandgrumblesallthetime.(2004)A.beingtreatedB.treatedC.betreatedD.havingbeentreated分詞作狀語時，從句的邏輯主語往往與主句的主語一致

Vocabulary&Grammar非謂語動詞BAB7精選2021版課件分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)分詞作狀語且邏輯主語與主句的主語不一致時候，就構(gòu)成了分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)e.g.1.

Time____,thecelebrationwillbeheldasscheduled.(2003)A.permitB.permittingC.permittedD.permits2.There____nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.(2000)A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.be獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)特點：兩個句子，中間用逗號隔開，但無任何連接詞（and,but,if.etc）兩個句子中一個是完整的句子，另外一部分即為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的主語多為名詞或者代詞（與主句的主語不同），與后面的形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞，不定式存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系Vocabulary&GrammarBC8精選2021版課件a.現(xiàn)在分詞的獨立主格名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞(邏輯主語和現(xiàn)在分詞是主謂關(guān)系)e.g.

There

beingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.(表原因)

Weather

permitting,wewillthrowaparty.(表條件)=If---permits

Thedarkclouds

havingdispersed,thesunshoneagain.(表時間，完成時態(tài)表示獨立主格先于主句的謂語發(fā)生)b.過去分詞的獨立主格名詞/代詞+過去分詞（邏輯主語和過去分詞是動賓關(guān)系）e.g.

Theworkersworkedstillharder,theirlivingconditionsgreatlyimproved.（表結(jié)果）

Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,(his)eyes

fixedontheblackboard.（表方式或伴隨）Vocabulary&Grammar分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)9精選2021版課件獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的其他形式c.名詞(代詞)+不定式(強調(diào)一次具體的動作)e.g.

Thefourofusagreedonadivisionoflabor,each

totranslateaquarterofthebook.我們四人同意分工干，每人翻譯全書的四分之一。

Anumbeofofficialsfollowedtheemperor,some

toholdhisrobe,otherstoadjusthisgirdle,andsoon.

d.名詞(代詞)+形容詞e.g.

TheTrojans(being)asleep,theGreeksoldierscreptoutofthehollowwoodenhorse．特洛伊人睡著了，于是希臘士兵從中空的木馬里悄悄爬了出來。

Computers(being)verysmall,wecanusethemwidely.電腦雖小，我們卻能廣泛地利用它們。Vocabulary&Grammar10精選2021版課件e.名詞(代詞)+副詞e.g.Breakfast

(havingbeen)over,hewenttowork.

Lights

(being)off,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.f.名詞(代詞)+介詞短語(名詞前不需要限定詞)e.g.Hewentoff,gun/

book

inhand.

在下面情況中，being/havebeing不能省略e.g.

ItbeingSaturday,wegoshopping.

Therebeingnobodyelse,weleft.Vocabulary&Grammar獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的其他形式11精選2021版課件g.with/without的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)e.g.Hewentoffwithaguninhand.

Nobodynoticing,Ibrokeintothehouse.

Withoutanyonenoticing,Ibrokeintothehouse.Iwenttobedwithoutthejobfinished.

e.g.Therearemanystudents,someofthem____Chinese.(be)Therearemanystudents,someofwhom____Chinese.(be)Therearemanystudentsandsomeofthem____Chinese.(be)

Agricultureisthecountry’schiefsourceofwealth,wheat___byfarthebiggestcerealcrop.(2003)A.isB.beenC.beD.being

Vocabulary&Grammar獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的其他形式Dbeingareare12精選2021版課件情態(tài)動詞主要的情態(tài)動詞有：can/could/may/might/will/would/shall/should/dare/must/oughtto/need/usedtoTEM4考試重點：情態(tài)動詞+havedone的用法(往往與過去有關(guān))a.musthavedone：對過去已發(fā)生情況的肯定推測“一定…”

can’t/couldn’thavedone:對過去或已發(fā)生的否定推測“不會…”

must表示推測的否定形式是can’t;

mustn’t表示禁止b.needn’thavedone(didn’thaveto):

做了沒必要的事“沒必要…”c.should/oughtto