高中英語(yǔ)Unit 9 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language課件

UNIT

9

HUMAN

BIOLOGYSection

Ⅱ

Learning

About

Language1.通過(guò)對(duì)教材的理解,了解重要詞匯的基本用法。（語(yǔ)言能力）2.通過(guò)導(dǎo)學(xué)案的套用,以練促學(xué),鞏固內(nèi)化單詞、短語(yǔ)和句式,并學(xué)以致用。（學(xué)習(xí)能力）3.通過(guò)對(duì)教材的理解,學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用完成時(shí)。（語(yǔ)言能力）1.__________

n.（完成困難事情的）能力；才能→________

adj.有能力的；有才能的capabilitycapable2._________

vt.計(jì)算；核算→__________

n.計(jì)算；估計(jì)→__________

n.計(jì)算器calculatecalculationcalculator3._________

n.物理學(xué)家→________

n.物理學(xué)→________

adj.身體的；肉體的physicistphysicsphysical4._________

vi.&

vt.革新；創(chuàng)新；改革→

__________n.革新；創(chuàng)新

→__________

adj.革新的；創(chuàng)新的innovateinnovationinnovative5.__________

adv.人為地；虛假地→________

adj.人造的；假的artificiallyartificial6.___________n.比較→____________adj.比較的→_________v.比較；對(duì)比；與……類似（或相似）comparisoncomparativecompare7._______adv.完全地→_______

adj.全部的；整體的；完全的whollywhole8.________

adj.準(zhǔn)確的；正確的→_________n.精確；準(zhǔn)確→__________

adj.不準(zhǔn)確的accurateaccuracyinaccurate9._________n.診療；治療；療法；對(duì)待方式→_____

v.對(duì)待；看待treatmenttreat10.______adj.僅僅；只不過(guò)；極小的；極不重要的

→_______

adv.僅僅；只不過(guò)meremerely11.________

n.福氣；幸運(yùn)

→______

v.祝福；祝圣→________adj.神圣的；有福的；愉快安寧的blessingblessblessed構(gòu)詞規(guī)律v.+-tion→n.v.+-ing→n.calculation

n.計(jì)算innovation

n.革新；創(chuàng)新blessing

n.福氣；幸運(yùn)painting

n.油畫1.be

bound

to

________________一定會(huì)；一定要2.a

large

number

of

______大量3.take

care

of

______照顧4.be

crucial

for

____________________對(duì)……來(lái)說(shuō)至關(guān)重要1.The

first

successfully

cloned

animal

was

a

sheep

named

Dolly

in

1996.（動(dòng)詞-ed形式作后置定語(yǔ)）翻譯

第一只成功克隆的動(dòng)物是1996年的克隆羊多莉。仿寫

The

company___________________________

is

facing

a

serious

financial

crisis.這家由5個(gè)小工廠組成的公司正面臨著嚴(yán)重的財(cái)務(wù)危機(jī)。made

up

of

5

small

factories2.They

were

the

first-ever

primates

（the

order

of

mammals

which

include

apes,

monkeys,

and

humans）

to

have

been

cloned!（動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)）翻譯

它們是有史以來(lái)首次被克隆的靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物（哺乳動(dòng)物的一個(gè)類別,包括猿、猴子和人類）!仿寫

My

mother

is

the

first

woman

in

her

village

_______________________.我母親是她村里第一位接受高等教育的女性。to

receive

high

education3.Whilesome

people

believe

it

is

crucial

for

scientific

advancement,

others

raise

moral

concerns.（while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）翻譯

雖然有些人認(rèn)為這對(duì)于科學(xué)的進(jìn)步至關(guān)重要,但是也有人提出了道德方面的擔(dān)憂。仿寫

___________________________________________________________,

they

also

give

us

beneficial

vitamin

D.雖然太陽(yáng)光會(huì)老化和傷害我們的皮膚,但是它們也能給我們提供有益的維生素D。While/Although/Though

the

sun's

rays

can

age

and

harm

our

skin核

心

單

詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)1

justify

vt.證明……有道理；為……辯護(hù)；是……的正當(dāng)理由

＊justified

adj.（做某事）有正當(dāng)理由的

＊just

adj.公正的；合理的

adv.只是；僅僅；剛才（牛津詞典）How

can

they

justify

paying

such

huge

salaries?他們?cè)跄茏C明付這么大筆薪金是正當(dāng)?shù)哪?？justify

（doing）

sth

證明……（做）某事是正當(dāng)?shù)膉ustify...to...

向……證明……是合理的be

justified

in

doing...

有理由做某事How

could

teachers

justify

spending

so

much

time

on

outdoor

activities?教師們?cè)撊绾巫C明花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間在戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)上是合理的呢？He

tried

to

justify

his

absence

with

lame

excuses.他試圖用站不住腳的借口為自己的缺席辯解。融會(huì)應(yīng)用

單句填空（1）How

will

you

justify

this

pay

cut

___your

employees?to（2）The

decision

is________（justify）

on

the

grounds

that

there

is

no

realistic

alternative.justified（3）He

is

fully

justified

in

______（do）

so.doing知識(shí)點(diǎn)2

calculate

vt.計(jì)算；核算

＊calculation

n.計(jì)算；推測(cè)

＊calculator

n.計(jì)算器（牛津詞典）Use

the

formula

to

calculate

the

volume

of

the

container.用公式計(jì)算容器的容積。calculate

on

（doing）

sth

指望或依靠（做）某事It

is

calculated

that...

據(jù)估算……be

calculated

to

do

sth

打算做某事；可能做某事Mothers'

devotion

to

children

can

hardly

be

calculated母親對(duì)孩子的奉獻(xiàn)幾乎無(wú)法計(jì)算。融會(huì)應(yīng)用Ⅰ.單句填空（1）We

can't

calculate

____

good

weather

for

the

barbecue.on（2）This

advertisement

is

calculated

_________（attract）

the

attention

of

housewives.to

attract（3）By

his

__________（calculate）,

it

could

save

airlines

hundreds

of

millions

of

dollars

a

year.calculation（4）It

has

been

__________（calculate）

that

the

loss

from

the

earthquake

is

likely

to

be

more

than

a

hundred

million

dollars.calculatedⅡ.單句寫作（5）（2023·福建寧德期末）__________________

the

population

of

China

is

more

than

1.4

billion.據(jù)估算中國(guó)人口已超過(guò)14億。It

is

calculated

that知識(shí)點(diǎn)3

participant

n.參加者；參與者

＊participation

n.參加；參與

＊participate

vi.參加；參與（牛津詞典）He

has

been

an

active

participant

in

the

discussion.他一直積極參與這次討論。participate

in

（doing）

sth

with

sb

與某人一起參加/參與（做）某事participate

with

sb

in

sth

與某人分擔(dān)某事We

encourage

anyone

to

participate

in

the

singing

competition

and

the

participant

who

wins

will

be

given

a

gift

as

a

reward

for

the

participation．我們鼓勵(lì)任何人參加歌唱比賽，獲勝者將獲得一份禮品作為參賽獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。participate

是不及物動(dòng)詞，常與in構(gòu)成搭配，同義短語(yǔ)有join

in、take

part

in等。融會(huì)應(yīng)用Ⅰ.單句填空（1）Everyone

in

the

class

is

expected

to

actively

participate

___these

discussions.in（2）She

participated_____

her

friends

in

their

sufferings.with（3）We

were

very

pleased

with

the

high

level

of

____________（participate）

in

the

charity

events.participationⅡ.單句寫作（4）（2023·河南信陽(yáng)一中月考）Knowing

that

you

have

an

appetite

for

Chinese

culture,

I

sincerely__________________________________________________________.得知你喜歡中國(guó)文化,

我真誠(chéng)邀請(qǐng)你參加這個(gè)演講比賽。invite

you

to

participate

in/join

in/take

part

in

the

speech

contest知識(shí)點(diǎn)4

serve

vi.&

vt.（為……）工作；服務(wù)；履行義務(wù)；盡職責(zé)；（給某人）提供；端上

＊service

n.（對(duì)顧客的）接待；服務(wù)；公共服務(wù)系統(tǒng)；公共事業(yè)

＊serving

n.（供一個(gè)人吃的）一份食物（P51）A

person's

life

is

limited

but

serving

the

people

is

limitless.人的生命是有限的，但是為人民服務(wù)是無(wú)限的。serve

sb

with

sth

為某人提供某物serve

sth

to

sb=serve

sb

sth

給某人端上；用……招待某人serve

as

用作；當(dāng)作；充當(dāng)If

I

am

lucky

enough

to

be

elected,

I

will

make

every

effort

to

serve

the

students

and

our

club.如果我有幸當(dāng)選，我將盡最大努力為學(xué)生和社團(tuán)服務(wù)。There

has

been

a

recent

trend

in

the

food

service

industry

toward

lower

fat

content

and

less

salt.最近在食品服務(wù)行業(yè)出現(xiàn)了低脂肪和少鹽的趨勢(shì)。融會(huì)應(yīng)用Ⅰ.單句填空（1）This

is

often

appreciated

since

at

a

housewarming

（喬遷慶宴）there

isn't

a

lot

of

food

_______

（serve）．served（2）She

showed

me

into

the

front

room,

which

served

___

her

office.as（3）Don't

eat

something

you

don't

want

to

eat,

but

don't

offend

the

people

who

served

it

___

you.toⅡ.單句寫作（4）Theory

is

based

on

practice

and_____________________.理論以實(shí)踐為基礎(chǔ)，反過(guò)來(lái)又為實(shí)踐服務(wù)。in

turn

serves

practice知識(shí)點(diǎn)5

comparison

n.比較；對(duì)比

＊compare

vt.

比較；將……比作（P52）In

comparison

with

other

species,

cloning

primates

has

proved

to

be

“much

harder”,

and

doing

so

with

non-reproductive

cells

was

even

more

complicated.與其他的物種相比,克隆靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物被證明要“困難得多”,而使用非生殖細(xì)胞克隆則更為復(fù)雜。by

comparison

比較起來(lái)；相比之下by/in

comparison

（with

sb/sth）

（與……）相比較compare

to/with

...和……相比compare...to...

把……比作……compare...with...

把……和……比較這很難與她以前的書相比——兩者是截然不同的。They

were

living

rather

well,

in

comparison

with

people

elsewhere

in

the

world.和世界上其他地方的人相比，他們生活得相當(dāng)好。It

is

difficult

to

make

a

comparison

with

her

previous

book—they

are

completely

different.融會(huì)應(yīng)用

單句填空（1）We

also

like

to

compare

young

people

___flowers,

as

they

are

full

of

vigor

and

new

ideas.to（2）Those

places

are

modern

______comparison

with

the

countryside.by/in（3）We

carefully

compared

the

first

report

_____the

second.with知識(shí)點(diǎn)6

devote

v.把……獻(xiàn)（給）

；把……用于；專心于；奉獻(xiàn)

＊devoted

adj.忠實(shí)的；深愛(ài)的

＊devotion

n.奉獻(xiàn)；關(guān)愛(ài)（P52）Dr

Sun

Qiang,

director

of

the

research

team,

said

they

had

been

wholly

devoted

to

the

research

and

had

been

taking

care

of

more

than

1,000

monkeys

24

hours

a

day,

7

days

a

week

for

more

than

5

years.研究小組的負(fù)責(zé)人孫強(qiáng)博士說(shuō)，他們?nèi)硇牡赝度氲窖芯恐校?年多來(lái)每周7天，每天24小時(shí)照看1000多只猴子。devote...to

（doing）

sth

把……獻(xiàn)給/用于（做）某事devote

oneself

to=be

devoted

to

獻(xiàn)身于；專心致力于Indeed,

his

slim

but

strong

body

is

just

like

that

of

millions

of

Chinese

farmers，

to

whom

he

has

devoted

his

life.事實(shí)上，他瘦削但結(jié)實(shí)的身軀看起來(lái)和他為之奉獻(xiàn)了一生的千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)的中國(guó)農(nóng)民一樣。Your

faithful

devotion

is

one

of

your

best

qualities,

but

be

careful

not

to

become

too

dependent

on

others.你的忠實(shí)奉獻(xiàn)是你最美好的品質(zhì)之一，但要注意不要過(guò)分依賴別人。融會(huì)應(yīng)用Ⅰ.單句填空（1）His

_________（devote）

to

the

cause

of

education

is

well-known.devotion（2）Zhong

Nanshan

has

been

devoted

___China's

medical

care

all

his

life.to（3）Neighbors

devoted

their

spare

time

to

________（help）

others

rebuild.helpingⅡ.單句寫作（4）（2023·安徽蚌埠模擬）____________________________________

your

spoken

English，

the

more

fluent

it

will

become.你用來(lái)練習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的時(shí)間越多，你的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)就會(huì)越流利。The

more

time

you

devote

to

practicing知識(shí)點(diǎn)7

suit

v.適合

n.西服；套裝

＊suitable

adj.

適合的；適宜的（P53）With

this

technology,

we

have

the

potential

to

raise

a

large

number

of

monkeys

with

identical

genes

in

a

short

amount

of

time,

and

we

can

even

change

their

genes

to

suit

research

needs.有了這項(xiàng)技術(shù),我們就有可能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)培育大量基因相同的猴子,甚至可以改變它們的基因,以適應(yīng)研究需要。be

suitable

for

適合……be

suitable

to

do

sth

適合做某事It

suits

sb

to

do

sth.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)，最好做某事。Please

make

a

suit

to

my

measure.請(qǐng)按照我的尺寸做一套西服。suit“適合；適宜”,指衣服顏色、樣式適合某人,還可指合乎需要、口味、地位、條件等。另外,用于比喻意義時(shí)多用suitfit“適合；合身”,指大小、尺寸、形狀等合適,引申為“吻合；協(xié)調(diào)”match“適合；和……匹配”,多指色調(diào)、形狀、性質(zhì)等方面的搭配,含有“與之相匹配”之意融會(huì)應(yīng)用Ⅰ.用fit、suit、match的適當(dāng)形式填空（1）Though

the

style

doesn't

_____me,

I

want

to

take

this

jacket

because

it

____

me

well

and

________

my

trousers.suitfitsmatchesⅡ.單句填空（2）I

think

___suits

me

to

start

work

at

a

later

time.it（3）This

book,

written

in

simple

English,

is

________（suit）

for

beginners.suitable知識(shí)點(diǎn)8

treatment

n.診治；治療；療法；對(duì)待方式

＊treat

v.治療；對(duì)待；款待

n.款待；招待（P53）This

could

help

save

research

time,

reduce

the

number

of

animals

required

for

testing,

produce

more

accurate

results,

and

lead

to

more

effective

treatments.這有助于節(jié)省研究時(shí)間,減少實(shí)驗(yàn)所需動(dòng)物的數(shù)量,使實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果更準(zhǔn)確、治療方法更有效。treat

sb

as...

把某人當(dāng)……看待treat

sb

with...

用……對(duì)待某人treat

sth

seriously

認(rèn)真對(duì)待某事物treat

sb/oneself

to

用……款待某人/自己It's

my

treat.

我請(qǐng)客。Since

the

epidemic

ended，scientists

have

been

doing

trials

on

treatments

to

prevent

any

future

outbreaks.自從疫情結(jié)束以來(lái)，科學(xué)家們就一直在進(jìn)行治療方面的試驗(yàn)以預(yù)防任何未來(lái)的（疫情）暴發(fā)。Treat

other

people

in

the

manner

that

you

wish

them

to

treat

you.你希望別人怎樣對(duì)待你，你就怎樣對(duì)待別人。融會(huì)應(yīng)用

單句寫作（1）—Did

you

enjoy

the

party?你喜歡這個(gè)聚會(huì)嗎?—Yes.

We

________________by

our

hosts.是的,我們受到了主人的盛情款待。were

treated

well（2）I'll

_________________at

the

restaurant

in

front

of

our

school.我將請(qǐng)你在我們學(xué)校前面的餐館吃午飯。treat

you

to

lunch（3）Let's

go

out

for

lunch

after

work—____________.下班后咱們到外面去吃午餐吧——我請(qǐng)客。it's

my

treat知識(shí)點(diǎn)9

crucial

adj.至關(guān)重要的；關(guān)鍵性的

＊crucially

adv.至關(guān)重要地；關(guān)鍵性地（P53）While

some

people

believe

it

is

crucial

for

scientific

advancement,

others

raise

moral

concerns.雖然有些人認(rèn)為這對(duì)于科學(xué)的進(jìn)步至關(guān)重要，但是也有人提出了道德方面的擔(dān)憂。be

crucial

to/for

sth

對(duì)某事而言是至關(guān)重要的a

crucial

decision/issue/factor

關(guān)鍵性的決定/問(wèn)題/因素It

is

crucial

that...

……是極其重要的at

the

crucial

moment

在緊要關(guān)頭crucially

important

極其重要The

conservation

of

tropical

forests

is

of

crucial

importance.保護(hù)熱帶森林是至關(guān)重要的。融會(huì)應(yīng)用

單句填空（1）It

is

crucial

_____

the

problem

should

be

tackled

immediately.that（2）This

aid

money

is

crucial

______

the

government's

economic

policies.to/for知識(shí)點(diǎn)10

concern

n.擔(dān)心；關(guān)心；重要的事情

vt.使擔(dān)憂；涉及；關(guān)系到

＊concerned

adj.擔(dān)心的；關(guān)注的

＊concerning

prep.

關(guān)于；就……而言（P53）While

some

people

believe

it

is

crucial

for

scientific

advancement,

others

raise

moral

concerns.雖然有些人認(rèn)為這對(duì)于科學(xué)的進(jìn)步至關(guān)重要，但是也有人提出了道德方面的擔(dān)憂。show

concern

for...

對(duì)……關(guān)切；關(guān)心It

concerns/concerned

sb

that...

令某人擔(dān)憂的是……as/so

far

as...be

concerned

關(guān)于；至于；就……而言be

concerned

about/for

關(guān)心；擔(dān)憂；掛念be

concerned

with

牽涉到；與……有關(guān)；關(guān)心As

far

as

I

am

concerned,

the

public

are

showing

more

and

more

concern

for

education.

So

the

books

concerning

academics

are

popular

with

them.

But

it

concerns

me

that

the

health

of

the

young

is

in

bad

condition

now,

which

is

worrying.在我看來(lái)，公眾越來(lái)越關(guān)心教育。因此，有關(guān)學(xué)術(shù)的書籍受到他們的歡迎。但我擔(dān)心的是，現(xiàn)在年輕人的健康狀況很差，這是令人擔(dān)憂的。融會(huì)應(yīng)用

單句填空（1）As

far

as

technology

____________（concern）,we

believe

we

are

among

the

best

in

the

world.is

concerned（2）He

asked

several

questions

___________（concern）

the

future

of

the

company.concerning（3）More

and

more

people

show

great

concern

____road

safety.for（4）What

_________（concern）

me

is

our

lack

of

preparation

for

the

change.concerns知識(shí)點(diǎn)11

abuse

vt.

濫用；妄用；虐待

n.

濫用；虐待（P53）Finally,

they

worry

that

some

organisations

may

abuse

the

technology

for

unethical

purposes.最后,他們擔(dān)心某些組織可能會(huì)出于不道德的目的濫用該技術(shù)。abuse

one's

power/privilege/position

濫用某人的權(quán)力/特權(quán)/職權(quán)alcohol

abuse

酗酒child

abuse

虐待兒童a

stream

of

abuse一通大罵What

she

did

was

an

abuse

of

her

position

as

manager.她的所作所為是濫用經(jīng)理職權(quán)。融會(huì)應(yīng)用

單句寫作（1）___________________________

will

bring

our

offspring

a

terrible

future.濫用能源會(huì)給我們的子孫后代帶來(lái)可怕的未來(lái)。Abusing

energy/Energy

abuse（2）According

to

the

new

law,

parents

are

not

allowed

________________

in

the

family.根據(jù)新的法律，家長(zhǎng)不允許在家中虐待兒童。to

abuse

children短

語(yǔ)

句

式知識(shí)點(diǎn)12

more

than超過(guò)；不止；不僅僅；多于（P52）After

Dolly,

scientists

have

cloned

more

than

20

mammal

species,

including

camels,

cattle,

deer,

dogs,

goats

and

mice.繼多莉之后,科學(xué)家已經(jīng)克隆了20多種哺乳動(dòng)物,包括駱駝、牛、鹿、狗、山羊和老鼠。more

than+數(shù)詞,表示“超過(guò)；多于”,相當(dāng)于overmore

than+形容詞,表示“很；非?！眒ore...than...

比……更；與其說(shuō)……不如說(shuō)……no

more

than+名詞或基數(shù)詞,表示“不過(guò)；僅僅；只有”（側(cè)重?cái)?shù)量少）not

more

than+基數(shù)詞,表示“至多；不超過(guò)”less

than

少于other

than

除了；不同于rather

than

而不是The

mother

panda

has

taken

care

of

the

young

panda

for

more

than

two

years.熊貓媽媽照顧這只小熊貓不止兩年。融會(huì)應(yīng)用Ⅰ.寫出下列句中more

than的含義（1）There

are

more

than

5

hospitals

in

the

small

town.____________超過(guò)；多于（2）We

are

more

than

glad

to

see

you

here.

__________很；非常（3）George

is

more

intelligent

than

aggressive.______________________與其說(shuō)……不如說(shuō)……（4）Tom

is

more

than

my

brother；

he

is

also

my

good

friend.________不僅僅Ⅱ.單句寫作（5）____________________

was

burnt

in

the

fire.不止一間房屋在火災(zāi)中被燒毀。More

than

one

house（6）He

is

_____________

an

ordinary

policeman.他只不過(guò)是一名普通的警察。no

more

than（7）The

site

now

has

_____________________________

worldwide.現(xiàn)在這一網(wǎng)站在全球擁有一百多萬(wàn)名會(huì)員。more

than

one

million

members知識(shí)點(diǎn)13

lead

to引起；導(dǎo)致；通向（P52）This

has

led

to

questions

such

as,

“Will

this

be

a

major

issue

for

all

cloned

animals?”

“Will

it

continue

to

happen

forever?”.這引發(fā)了一些疑問(wèn)，例如：“這會(huì)是所有克隆動(dòng)物的主要問(wèn)題嗎?”“這個(gè)問(wèn)題會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)持續(xù)下去嗎?”lead

sb

to

do

sth

使某人做某事lead

sb

to+地點(diǎn)

把某人領(lǐng)到某地lead

sb

by

the

nose

牽著某人的鼻子走lead

a...life

過(guò)著……的生活in

the

lead

領(lǐng)先With

a

guide

leading

the

way,

we

arrived

at

a

village

in

Tibet,

where

we

found

the

local

people

leading

a

happy

life.由向?qū)罚覀兊竭_(dá)了西藏的一個(gè)村莊。在那里，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)?shù)厝诉^(guò)著幸福的生活。融會(huì)應(yīng)用

單句填空（1）What

led

you

_________（select）

your

major?to

select（2）I'm

not

going

to

allow

anyone

to

lead

me

____the

nose.by（3）The

Democrats

now

appear

to

be

___the

lead.in知識(shí)點(diǎn)14

a

number

of許多；大量的（P52）There

had

been

a

number

of

failures

before

they

eventually

found

a

way

to

successfully

clone

a

monkey.歷經(jīng)多次失敗,他們最終找到了成功克隆猴子的方法。

A

large

number

of

students

will

benefit

from

the

new

teaching

method.許多學(xué)生將從這個(gè)新的教學(xué)方法中獲益。Without

doubt,

the

number

of

jobs

in

information

technology

will

multiply.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，信息技術(shù)方面的工作數(shù)量會(huì)大大增加?！癮

number

of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！皌he

number

of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)/具有復(fù)數(shù)意義的名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)形式。“a

large

amount

of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。“l(fā)arge

amounts

of+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)amounts決定，用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！癮

large

quantity

of+可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)?！發(fā)arge

quantities

of+可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)quantities決定，用復(fù)數(shù)形式。融會(huì)應(yīng)用Ⅰ.單句填空（1）In

the

past

ten

years,

a

number

of

high

buildings

___________（arise）

where

there

was

nothing

but

ruins.have

arisen（2）Large

amounts

of

money

_________（spend）

on

advertisements

every

year.are

spent（3）Large

quantities

of

water

________________（pipe）

to

the

dry

area

since

last

year.have

been

piped（4）As

you

can

see,

the

number

of

cars

on

our

roads

______（keep）

rising

these

days.keepsⅡ.單句寫作（5）____________________________________________,

it's

not

difficult

for

them

to

understand

these

words

in

Chinese

contexts.隨著學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的人越來(lái)越多,

對(duì)他們而言，在中文語(yǔ)境里理解這些英語(yǔ)單詞并不是很困難。As

the

number

of

English

learners

is

on

the

rise（6）__________________________________________

a

university

by

an

ordinary

worker,

which

aroused

public

attention.一位普通的工人向一所大學(xué)捐贈(zèng)了一大筆錢,這引起了公眾的關(guān)注。A

great

deal/amount

of

money

was

donated

to知識(shí)點(diǎn)15

動(dòng)詞-ed

形式作后置定語(yǔ)（P52）The

first

successfully

cloned

animal

was

a

sheep

named

Dolly

in

1996.第一只成功克隆的動(dòng)物是1996年的克隆羊多莉。（1）動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,或表示動(dòng)作已完成。（2）動(dòng)詞-ed形式還可以在句中作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨、方式等狀語(yǔ)。此時(shí)動(dòng)詞-ed形式通常與句子的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,或表示動(dòng)作已完成。The

experience

gained

will

give

you

more

confidence

to

help

your

customers.獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)會(huì)給你更多的信心去幫助你的客戶。There

are

many

beautifully

decorated

houses

in

this

rich

zone.這個(gè)富人區(qū)有許多裝修精美的房子。Exhausted,

I

slid

into

bed

and

fell

fast

asleep.我感到累極了,爬上床很快就睡著了。融會(huì)應(yīng)用Ⅰ.單句填空（1）_______（give）

a

lot

of

money,

he

lived

a

better

life.Given（2）______（use）

with

care,

one

tin

will

last

for

six

weeks.Used（3）The

teacher

came

in,

_________（follow）

by

a

group

of

students.followedⅡ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換（4）The

meeting

which

was

held

yesterday

is

of

great

importance.→The

meeting

______________is

of

great

importance.（動(dòng)詞-ed形式作后置定語(yǔ)）held

yesterday知識(shí)點(diǎn)16

動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)（P52）They

were

the

first-ever

primates（the

order

of

mammals

which

include

apes,

monkeys,

and

humans）

to

have

been

cloned!它們是有史以來(lái)首次被克隆的靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物（哺乳動(dòng)物的一個(gè)類別，包括猿、猴子和人類）！句中to

have

been

cloned是動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。（1）當(dāng)中心詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)等修飾時(shí)或前有next、only、last

等時(shí)，常用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。（2）動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾的詞是抽象名詞，常見的有：ability、chance、ambition、offer、anxiety、answer、reply、attempt、belief

等。如果作后置定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞不定式后要有相應(yīng)的介詞。融會(huì)應(yīng)用Ⅰ.單句填空（1）He

is

always

the

first

_________（come）

and

the

last

________（leave）.to

cometo

leave（2）She

was

the

first

woman

_______（win）

a

gold

medal

in

the

Olympic

Games.to

win（3）Thank

you

for

giving

me

the

chance

_________（make）

the

speech.to

makeⅡ.單句寫作（4）The

ability

_________________

is

as

important

as

the

idea

itself.表達(dá)思想的能力和思想本身同等重要。to

express

an

idea知識(shí)點(diǎn)17

while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句（P53）While

some

people

believe

it

is

crucial

for

scientific

advancement,

others

raise

moral

concerns.雖然有些人認(rèn)為這對(duì)于科學(xué)的進(jìn)步至關(guān)重要，但是也有人提出了道德方面的擔(dān)憂。（1）while用作從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“雖然；盡管”,相當(dāng)于though。（2）while用作從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“在……期間；當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。（3）while用作并列連詞,表對(duì)比,意為“而”。（4）while用作從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“只要”,相當(dāng)于as

long

as。（5）while用作名詞,意為“一會(huì)兒；一段時(shí)間”,主要用于短語(yǔ)中。after

a

while

“過(guò)了一會(huì)兒”；for

a

while

“暫時(shí)；一會(huì)兒”；all

the

while

“一直；始終”。融會(huì)應(yīng)用

單句寫作（1）__________________,there

is

hope.有生命就有希望。While

there

is

life（2）The

boy

is

good

at

maths

________________________________.那個(gè)男孩擅長(zhǎng)數(shù)學(xué)，而他妹妹擅長(zhǎng)語(yǔ)文。while

his

sister

is

good

at

Chinese（3）_______________________________,I

can't

agree

with

you.雖然我明白你說(shuō)的話,但是我還是不認(rèn)同你的觀點(diǎn)。While

I

understand

what

you

say（4）They

__________________and

then

went

to

work.他們聊了一會(huì)兒，然后就去上班了。chatted

for

a

while完

成

時(shí)閱讀下列句子,注意黑體部分的時(shí)態(tài)。①Tom

had

to

correct

the

mistakes

in

his

composition

that

his

teacher

had

pointed

out.②The

hacker

was

accused

of

theft

because

he

had

stolen

information

from

other

people's

databases.③He

has

worked

for

us

ever

since

he

left

school.④I

have

been

working

with

her

for

20

years.⑤When

she

arrived

at

the

school

gate,

I

had

been

waiting

for

2

hours.⑥I

had

been

trying

to

call

home

but

couldn't

get

through.我的發(fā)現(xiàn)

以上句子均體現(xiàn)了完成時(shí)態(tài)。（1）句______為過(guò)去完成時(shí)。①②（2）句____為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。③（3）句____為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。④（4）句______為過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。⑤⑥探究點(diǎn)1

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一、基本用法1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have/has+done”構(gòu)成,表示過(guò)去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“have/has

been+doing”構(gòu)成,表示某一動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,有可能到此為止,也有可能繼續(xù)下去。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是兼有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)兩者基本特點(diǎn)的時(shí)態(tài)。二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成,或者在過(guò)去曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響；而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去發(fā)生,但現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù),側(cè)重未完成。I've

dialed

four

times；

I

don't

think

anyone

is

in

the

office.我已經(jīng)撥了四次電話了,我認(rèn)為辦公室里沒(méi)人。I've

been

dialling；

I

don't

think

anyone

is

in

the

office.我一直在打電話,我認(rèn)為辦公室里沒(méi)人。2.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù),而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般不表示重復(fù)性。Have

you

been

meeting

him

recently?你最近常和他見面嗎?Have

you

met

him

recently?你最近見過(guò)他嗎?3.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)含有感情色彩,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般是平鋪直敘。I

have

been

waiting

for

you

for

two

hours.我一直等了你兩個(gè)小時(shí)。（可能表示不滿）I

have

waited

for

you

for

two

hours.我等了你兩個(gè)小時(shí)。（說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)）4.有些動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞be、have、exist等；表示感情的動(dòng)詞like、love等；表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞see、hear、smell等；表示知道、相信、猜測(cè)的動(dòng)詞know、believe、suppose等。He

has

had

a

cold

for

a

week.他已經(jīng)感冒一周了。I

have

liked

jazz

since

I

was

a

teenager.從青少年時(shí)期起我就喜歡爵士樂(lè)了。I

have

known

her

for

a

long

time.我認(rèn)識(shí)她已經(jīng)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。5.有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞（如work、

study、

live、

teach、

stay、

wait、

lie、

sleep等）在表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間時(shí)用這兩種時(shí)態(tài)含義差不多,只是用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)久性。How

long

have

you

worked/been

working

here?你在這兒工作多久了?I've

lived/been

living

here

since

1988.自1988年以來(lái)我就一直住在這兒。6.與一段時(shí)間連用時(shí)可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也可以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；但與次數(shù)連用時(shí)只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。It

hasn't

rained

for

six

weeks.已經(jīng)六個(gè)星期沒(méi)下雨了。It

has

been

raining

since

yesterday

and

it

is

still

raining.從昨天起,雨就沒(méi)停過(guò),而且現(xiàn)在還在下。He

has

rung

me

up

five

times

since

12

o'clock.從十二點(diǎn)后,他已經(jīng)給我打了五次電話。He

has

been

ringing

me

up

all

morning.他整個(gè)上午一直在給我打電話。7.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),若一定要用,可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)代替。The

problem

has

been

studied

for

five

days.這個(gè)問(wèn)題已被研究了五天。融會(huì)應(yīng)用

單句填空（1）It's

hard

to

tell

exactly

how

many

people

agree

with

him,

but

research

indicates

that

the

number_______________

（rise）

for

some

time.has

been

rising（2）—You

are

a

great

swimmer.—Thanks.

It's

because

I

___________________

（practise）

a

lot

these

days.have

been

practicing（3）Lily

went

to

China

last

year

and

I

_____________（hear）

from

her

ever

since.haven't

heard探究點(diǎn)2

過(guò)去完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一、過(guò)去完成時(shí)（一）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成過(guò)去完成時(shí)由“had+done”構(gòu)成。（二）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法1.過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去的時(shí)間可以用by、before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示,也可以用一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作來(lái)表示,還可通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。When

the

explorer

hurried

to

the

destination,the

others

had

already

left.當(dāng)這名探險(xiǎn)者匆忙趕到目的地的時(shí)候,其他人已經(jīng)離開了。By

nine

o'clock

last

night,we

had

got

200

pictures

from

the

spaceship.到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘,我們已經(jīng)收到宇宙飛船發(fā)來(lái)的200張圖片。2.表示由過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻開始,一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常和for、since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。He

told

us

that

he

had

done

the

scientific

research

for

five

years.他告訴我們他做科學(xué)研究已經(jīng)五年了。3.動(dòng)詞think、want、hope、mean、plan、intend等用過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法、希望、打算或意圖等。I

had

never

thought

that

you

were

content

to

help

me.我從未想過(guò)你愿意幫我。We

had

hoped

to

be

able

to

come

and

see

you.我們本來(lái)希望能來(lái)看看你。4.過(guò)去完成時(shí)常常用在told、said、knew、heard、thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前。He

said

that

he

had

known

her

well.他說(shuō)他對(duì)她很熟悉。5.當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句與主句的動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去時(shí),通常一個(gè)動(dòng)作用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示。如果從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前,從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；如果從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后,則從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。從句常由when、before、after、as

soon

as、till/until引導(dǎo)。When

I

woke

up,it

had

already

stopped

raining.我醒來(lái)時(shí),雨已停了。注意:在before、after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,由于before和after本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系,若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連,則主、從句多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。After

he

arrived

in

England,he

worked

hard

to

improve

his

English.他到達(dá)英格蘭之后努力提高他的英語(yǔ)水平。6.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的常用固定句型（1）主語(yǔ)+had

hardly/scarcely/no

sooner+done+when/than從句（從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）；當(dāng)hardly、scarcely、no

sooner等表示否定意義的詞位于句首時(shí),主句要倒裝。I

had

no

sooner

reached

home

than

it

began

to

rain.=No

sooner

had

I

reached

home

than

it

began

to

rain.我剛到家就下雨了。（2）It

was+一段時(shí)間+since從句（從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)）It

was

at

least

three

months

since

I

had

left

Beijing.我離開北京至少有3個(gè)月了。（3）It

was

the

first/second/...time+（that）從句（從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)）It

was

the

first

time

that

I

had

chatted

online

in

English.那是我第一次用英語(yǔ)在網(wǎng)上聊天。（4）主句（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）+by

the

time...（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）We

had

got

everything

ready

by

the

time

they

arrived.在他們到達(dá)之前,我們已經(jīng)做好一切準(zhǔn)備了。（5）句子（過(guò)去完成時(shí)）+by

the

end

of...（表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間）By

the

end

of

last

term,we

had

learned

English

for

at

least

four

years.到上個(gè)學(xué)期末,我們至少已經(jīng)學(xué)了四年英語(yǔ)。二、過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（一）過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“had

been+doing”構(gòu)成（二）過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法1.強(qiáng)調(diào)到過(guò)去為止，某一活動(dòng)或動(dòng)作一直在持續(xù)，可能仍然持續(xù)下去。It

had

been

snowing

for

2

days

when

I

arrived

in

Heilongjiang.當(dāng)我到黑龍江的時(shí)候，已經(jīng)下了兩天的雪了。（可能當(dāng)時(shí)還在下雪）2.表示重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作——就是表示過(guò)去某一活動(dòng)或者時(shí)間之前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。I

had

been

trying

to

call

her

on

the

phone.

Finally

she

gave

me

a

call.我一直試圖給她打電話，最后她給我打了電話。注意：重復(fù)的動(dòng)作不能說(shuō)出具體次數(shù)。3.過(guò)去完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性,過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一具體時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已結(jié)束這一事實(shí)。They

had

been

building

the

road

by

the

end

of

last

month.到上個(gè)月月底為止,他們一直在修建這條路。They

had

built

the

road

by

the

end

of

last

month.上