高二英語人教選修6課件Unit5ThepowerofnatureLearningaboutLanguage

Unit5

ThepowerofnatureLearningaboutLanguage語法精講·思維構(gòu)建動詞-ing形式作狀語【語法感知】用所給動詞的適當形式填寫下面的句子并體會它們的共同特征。1.______________(work)hardallday,Iwenttobedearly.

2._______________(collect)specialclothesfromtheobservatory,weputthemonbeforewewentanycloser.

3.________(look)carefullyattheground,Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater.

4._____________(study)volcanoesformanyyears,Iamstillamazedattheirbeauty.

HavingworkedHavingcollectedLookingHavingstudied【語法精講】一、動詞-ing的基本形式1.動詞-ing的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生。*(2021·全國甲卷)Weavingamongthekidswhorushedbyontheirboards,Ifoundmywaytothebeam.我在那些踩著滑板匆匆走過的孩子們中間穿行,找到了通往橫梁的路。*Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffinspiteoftherain.聽到這個消息,盡管下著雨,他們還是立即出發(fā)了。2.動詞-ing形式的完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。*Havingcleanedtherooms,webegantoweedthegarden.打掃完房間,我們開始在花園里除草。3.動詞-ing的被動式表示該動作與句子主語之間是被動關系。*Havingbeenheldbackbythetrafficjam,shecouldn’tgetthereontime.她被交通堵塞耽擱了,無法準時到達那里。4.動詞-ing的否定式是在動詞-ing的前邊加not。*Nothavingreceivedhisreply,Itelephonedhim.沒有收到他的答復,我給他打了電話。【名師點津】動詞-ing一般式的被動語態(tài)(beingdone)表示動作正在被進行,在句中一般作定語或賓語補足語,較少作狀語。

用所給詞的適當形式填空。(1)Not________(know)hisaddress,Ican’twritetohim.(2)Not___________________(repair)foralongtime,themachinegaveoutastrangenoise.

(3)_________________(bite)byasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.

knowinghavingbeenrepairedHavingbeenbitten二、動詞-ing作狀語的基本用法1.表示時間。動詞-ing作時間狀語,其作用相當于when,while,after等引導的時間狀語從句。*Hearingtheirteacher’svoice(=Whentheyheardtheirteacher’svoice),thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.一聽到老師的聲音,學生們立即停止了講話。*Havingfinishedhishomework(=Afterhefinishedhishomework),theboywasallowedtowatchTV.完成作業(yè)以后,男孩被允許看電視。2.表示原因。動詞-ing作原因狀語,其作用相當于because,as,since等引導的原因狀語從句。*Beingill(=Becausehewasill),hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.因為生病,所以他昨天沒去上學。*Havinglivedinthecityformanyyears(=SinceIhadlivedinthecityformanyyears),Iknewitwell.因為在這個城市住了多年,所以我對它很了解。3.表示條件。動詞-ing作條件狀語,其作用相當于if,unless,once等引導的條件狀語從句。*Notmakinggooduseofthetime(=Ifyoudon’tmakegooduseofthetime),you’llregret.如果不好好利用時間,你會后悔的。*Workinghard(=Ifyouworkhard),youwillpasstheexam.你如果努力學習,就會通過考試。4.表示讓步。動詞-ing作讓步狀語,其作用相當于although,though,nomatterwhen/where/how/who等引導的讓步狀語從句。*Havingbeenmarriedforfiftyyears(=Thoughtheyhavebeenmarriedforfiftyyears),theystillloveeachotherpassionately.雖然他們結(jié)婚五十年了,他們?nèi)匀簧钌畹貝壑鴮Ψ健?.表示伴隨或方式。動詞-ing形式作伴隨或方式狀語,說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況。它表示分詞的動作和主句的動作同時發(fā)生。作伴隨或方式的動詞-ing短語相當于and連接的并列成分。*(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Usingemojiscanaddhumorandfeeling,keepingintentionclear.使用表情符號可以增加幽默和情感,使意圖表達明確。*Theywalkedhome,singinganddancing(=andtheysanganddanced).

他們唱著,跳著走回了家。*Shecameintotheroom,carryingalotofbooks(=andshecarriedalotofbooks).她抱著許多書走進了房間。6.表示結(jié)果。動詞-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語,表示一種自然的結(jié)果,常常位于句末,其作用相當于and連接的并列成分。*Hisfatherdiedthreeyearsago,leavinghimagreatdealofmoney.他的父親三年前死了,留給他許多錢?！久麕燑c津】動詞-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語通常表示一種自然的結(jié)果,即屬于意料之中的事;不定式作結(jié)果狀語主要表示沒有預料到的情況或結(jié)果,即屬于意料之外的事,不定式一般與only,never等副詞連用。*Hehurriedtothebusstation,onlytofindthatthebushadgone.他匆忙地趕往車站,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)車已經(jīng)走了。【即學活用】(1)句型轉(zhuǎn)換。①ThoughIhadmadeupmymindtostudy,Istillwantedtoplay.→______________________________,Istillwantedtoplay.

②WhenIheardtheresult,Icouldn’thelpjumping.→________________,Icouldn’thelpjumping.

③PeoplefromallovertheworldcametoQingDao,whichmadeitverycrowded.→PeoplefromallovertheworldcametoQingDao,_____________________.

HavingmadeupmymindtostudyHearingtheresultmakingitverycrowded(2)改錯。①Preparedthecomputercompetitionquitewell,hewonthefirstprize.

()②Gostraightdownthestreet,youwillfindourschoolontheright. ()③Thebigfirelastednearlyamonth,toleavenothingvaluable. ()④(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball. ()Prepared→HavingpreparedGo→Going或you前加andtoleave→leavingsay→saying三、動詞-ing作狀語的注意點1.動詞-ing形式作狀語時,在其前可以加上when,while,until,once,though,although,unless,evenif/eventhough等,表示更加明確的含義。有時這類結(jié)構(gòu)也可視作狀語從句的省略。*Becarefulwhen/whilecrossingthestreet.

過街道時要小心。*Althoughworkinghard,hefailedagainthistime.他雖然努力學習,但這次又失敗了。*IflisteningtoEnglisheveryday,you’lllearnitwellstepbystep.如果你每天聽英語,你會一步一步把它學好。2.動詞-ing形式作狀語時,其邏輯主語要與句子的主語保持一致。*Hearinghisfather’svoice,theboyturnedofftheTVsetatonce.聽到他爸爸的聲音,男孩立即關了電視。(Hearing的邏輯主語是theboy)*Havingdrivenallday,wewereverytired.開了一整天的車,我們很累。(havingdriven的邏輯主語是we.)【名師點津】但是有時動詞-ing前可有一個名詞或代詞表示它邏輯上的主語,這種帶邏輯主語的現(xiàn)在分詞稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。它同動詞-ing一樣,在句中作狀語。*Themeetingbeingover,wewenttoplayfootball.會議一結(jié)束,我們就去踢足球了。*Shebeingill,hermotherhadtolookafterherathome.她生病了,她的媽媽不得不在家照顧她。3.有些動詞-ing形式作狀語在句中沒有邏輯上的主語而獨立存在,其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響,表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點等,被稱為評論性狀語。常見的這類獨立成分有:generallyspeaking 一般說來franklyspeaking 坦率地說judgingfrom/by 根據(jù)……來判斷considering.../taking...intoconsideration考慮到accordingto...根據(jù)……【即學活用】判斷正誤。(1)我看著晚報的時候,一只狗開始叫起來。a.Readingtheeveningnewspaper,adogstartedbarking. ()b.Iwasreadingtheeveningnewspaperwhenadogstartedbarking. ()(2)聽到這個消息,她的眼淚忍不住流下來。a.Hearingthenews,tearsrandownherface. ()b.Hearingthenews,shecriedoutsadly. ()×√×√(3)(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)____________theresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep.根據(jù)研究,跑步者每跑一步著地的重量是自己體重的四倍。

(4)______________________________________________,Ifounditchallengingtocollectinformation.

為英語演講比賽做準備時,我發(fā)現(xiàn)收集信息具有挑戰(zhàn)性。AccordingtoWhile/WhenpreparingfortheEnglishspeechcontestⅠ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Whenyouarewalkingthedog,youcannotbetoocareful.→_______________,youcannotbetoocareful.

2.Followmyadvice,andyouwillbebenefitedfromit.→__________________,youwillbebenefitedfromit.

3.Becausehehassufferedfromhearttroubleforyears,hehastotakemedicineallthetime.→_______________________________________,hehastotakemedicineallthetime.

學情診斷·課堂測評WalkingthedogFollowingmyadviceHavingsufferedfromhearttroubleforyears4.AlthoughIhavefailedmanytimes,Iamstillfullofconfidence.→______________________,Iamstillfullofconfidence.

5.Heoversleptyesterday,whichresultedinhisbeinglateforwork.→Heoversleptyesterday,______________________________.

HavingfailedmanytimesresultinginhisbeinglateforworkⅡ.單句改錯1.Notknowingwhattodo,soIaskedmyteacherforadvice. ()2.Generalspeaking,womenlivelongerthanmen. ()3.Oneeveningatsunset,wesatbythefire,haveourbarbecue.

()4.Appointingastheheadmaster,hefeltveryhappy.

()5.Whenheardthefunnyjoke,weburstoutlaughing. ()6.Weatherpermits,wecanhaveapicnicintheopenair. ()7.Workhard,youwillbepromotedquickly. ()去掉soGeneral→Generallyhave→havingAppointing→Appointedheard→hearingpermits→permittingWork→Working或you前加and8.Livingabroadformanyyears,hehasadaptedtothelifethere.

(

)9.Hehasanumberofinterests,rangedfromplayingchesstoswimming.

(

)10.Havingaccustomedtotheclimatehere,mylegis