Unit7InternationalCharities（grammar）課件牛津譯林版英語八年級下冊

Unit7InternationalcharitiesGrammarPassivevoiceinthesimplepresentandpasttenses被動語態(tài)的一般現在時與一般過去時1.Tolearntheuseofpassivevoiceinthesimplepresenttense2.Tolearntheuseofpassivevoiceinthesimplepasttense3.TolearntousethepassivevoiceLearningobjectives（學習目標）Lookandsay1.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.2.Theclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.3.Theyplantedmanytreeslastyear.4.Manytreeswereplanted(bythem)lastyear.activevoice(主動語態(tài))passivevoice(被動語態(tài))activevoice(主動語態(tài))passivevoice(被動語態(tài))語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，表示的是主語和謂語之間的關系。英語中的語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。1.主動語態(tài)(activevoice):主語是謂語的執(zhí)行者;2.被動語態(tài)(passivevoice):主語是謂語的承受者。主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)小結：WorkouttherulesHe/She/Itissupported.Iamsupported.You/We/Theyaresupported.Iam

notsupported.He/She/Itis

notsupported.You/We/Theyare

notsupported.1.被動語態(tài)的一般現在時主語+am/is/are+(not)+V-ed(改為否定句)(改為否定句)(改為否定句)Workouttherules2.被動語態(tài)的一般過去時主語+was/were+(not)+V-edHe/She/Itwassupported.Iwassupported.You/We/Theyweresupported.Iwas

notsupported.He/She/Itwas

notsupported.You/We/Theywere

notsupported.(改為否定句)(改為否定句)(改為否定句)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)的基本用法Thesebookswerenottakenaway.這些書沒被拿走。動作的執(zhí)行者是泛指或者不言自明時。Thetoyisdesignedforchildren.這款玩具是為孩子們設計的。在不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時。Mybikewasrepaired.我的自行車修好了。需要強調動作的承受者時。出于委婉或禮貌而避談動作的執(zhí)行者時。Theproblemwastalkedaboutjustnow.這個問題剛才被討論過。在一些被動語態(tài)的句子中,我們可以用by引出指出動作的執(zhí)行者。MrWuislikedbyallofhisstudents.所有的學生都喜歡吳老師。被動語態(tài)還可用于某些習慣用語中，如“據說”、“據悉”、“有人說”、“大家說”、“出生于”等e.g.HewasborninNanjing.

Itissaidthatthe75-year-oldmancanstilleatthreebowlsofriceforlunch.注意：OBRISdoctorshelpedmanyblindpeople.ManyblindpeoplewerehelpedbyOBRISdoctors.①將主動句的賓語改為被動句的主語②將主動句的謂語動詞改為“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”③將主動句的主語改為介詞by加之后的賓語，并放在謂語動詞之后，有時，介詞by短語可以省略。主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉化拓展主動句中，感官動詞（如：hear,see,watch等）或使役動詞（如：make等）跟賓語后再跟省略to的動詞不定式，改為被動句后，省略的to要加上。Theteachermadehimretellthestory.Hewasmadetoretellthestorybytheteacher.含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，分兩種情況①將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,直接賓語保持不變。②將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,間接賓語前須有介詞(一般是for或to)。拓展Hegavemeabook.

I

wasgivenabookbyhim.

Thebook

wasgiventomebyhim.間接賓語直接賓語短語動詞是不可分割的整體，改為被動句后要保持其完整性，介詞或副詞不可遺漏。Wetakecareoftheyoungtrees.Theyoungtreesaretakencareofbyus.拓展Helpingothers(PartAonPage99)areplannedtohelpthepoorarehandedouttopeopleinthestreetbyvolunteersaresoldtoraisemoneyweresenttochildreninpoorareasbytheClass1,Grade8studentswerecollectedforpoorpeoplewasheldbytheStudents'UnionFinishPartBonPage100wassetupwasopenedaresoldisusediscalledwasstartedweregivenarebuilt主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的_______;被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的________。被動語態(tài)的一般現在時主語+________(not)+V-ed被動語態(tài)的一般過去時主語+________(not)+V-ed在被動語態(tài)的句子中，如果我們需要指出動作的執(zhí)行者，可以由_____引出。Summary執(zhí)行者承受者am/is/arewas/wereby單項選擇1.TodayEnglish_______alloverChina.A.teachB.teachesC.istaught2.Themeeting_______twoweeksago.A.holdB.washeldC.isheld3.Thethief________bythepolicelastnight.A.caughtB.iscaughtC.wascaughtExercises4.Thephotos_______whenIwasyoung.A.weretakenB.wastakenC.aretaken5.Millieismybestfriend.I___often____toherparty.A.isinvitedB.aminvitedC.wasinvited6.LastyearBeijing____byabigsand