2022年北京豐臺區(qū)高三一模英語試題和答案

2022北京豐臺高三一模英語2022.03本試卷共頁，分?？荚嚂r長分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答隹答題卡上。在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并收回。筆試（共三部分第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，第一節(jié)（共小題；每小題分共閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的ABC、D四個選項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Thoughtermbegunforweeks,thegirlMollyremained1sittingaroundpicnictablealone.seemedunsureofwhatdoorsay,yetIcouldhereyeslongingfor2Brianna,theclassclown,wasstandingneartheplaygroundmakingtheotherstudentslaugh,asusual.“Brianna,looksawfully3.WouldyouinviteherjoinIBriannasighed.Icouldtellthatshewas4dowhatIwasaskingofher,butIknewshewassosweetkind.Ihadspecifically5herforthistask.Shelookedatherfriends,thenatMolly.Knowingthischoicewas6her,IreachedintopocketandpulledoutaD-buck,ourclasscurrency（貨幣).Ineeded7hercooperation.aroundherclassmates.Nowshewas.“Here,I’ll8youyourtime.”Sheofferedaninsinceresmile,graspedthegreenpaper,headedoff.Iwatchedcloselyasthegirlstalked.Whentheyfinallywalkedbacktogether,Isighedwith9Aminutelater,BriannabackhandedtheD-buck..“Ishouldn'tkeepthis.”Hereyesfellherfeet,10radiatingfromherquietvoice.“Idon'twantMollythinkIonlywentgethersoIcouldearnaD-buck.friend.”ThenBriannaskippedbackamuseherclassmatesagain,andwholaughedforthetimethatweek?Molly.1.A.satisfied2.A.trustB.surprisedB.acceptanceB.puzzledB.eagerC.awkwardC.understandingC.seriousD.ashamedD.respect3.A.angryD.lonely4.A.unwilling5.A.studied6.A.comforting7.A.consider8.A.helpC.determinedC.supportedC.painingC.checkD.disappointedD.examinedD.protectingD.ensureB.selectedB.warningB.permitB.C.prepareC.sorrowD.forgive9.A.reliefB.concernB.courageD.regret10.A.excitementC.guiltD.impatience第二節(jié)（共小題；每小題分，共15分）閱讀下列短文根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提不詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空，請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。ASpaceexplorationbegan1957,whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.YuriGagarin11(become)thefirstpersonorbit(環(huán)繞)theearthIn1969,NeilArmstrongwasthefirstpersonwalk12themoon.Sincethen,spaceexplorationhasadvancedverythatbringschangestheworld.(rapid).Ithasproducedmuch(amaze)technologyBLeaf-cutterantsareinteresting.15leavesandthemback.Watchingthesemarchsinglefile,carryingleaves,quiteasight.Theseantscarryaleafthat16(weigh)timesmorethantheydo.Theleaves17(collect)byantsarenotforeating.are(look)forleaves,largerantsusuallyoutgroups.Theybiteoffbitsofbroughtbacksofungus（真菌）growonthem.Thefungusthefoodfortheants.CStoryboardsareasetofdrawingstellastoryandapowerfulwayvisuallypresentinformation.Theoriginalstoryboards,18wereusedmovie-making,showedstoriesbrokenupintopieces.Eachpieceofthestory19（draw）onacardstuckaboardorder.Peoplewerethenabletalkaboutandrevisethestorybycheckingonepartatatime.That20Iknowaboutstoryboards.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，第一節(jié)（共小題；每小題2分，共閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ADearJimO'Connor,MynameAnnieLeandIwritingyouonbehalftheNativeHealthCommunityGarden,agroupofworkingonstartingacommunitygardentheMesaNeighborhood.Whilesearchingforpotentialgardenlocations,wecameacrossyourhouselocatedatWestSouthernAvenue.Weareaskingaboutthepossibilityofusingyourastheofourgarden.Ingeneral,acommunitygardenaspacewhereplantsgrownandtakencareofagroupofpeoplethecommunity.Communitygardensimprovethequalityoflife,offermorechancestalkeachotherandbeautifyneighborhoodswhileprovidinggreenthereforereducingthehouseholdcostfood.Toensurethesmoothrunningoftheproject,electedvolunteerswouldbecharge.Youwouldhaveaccessallthesevolunteersandwouldanswerquestionsmayhave.Ihaveincludedsomegeneralinformationaboutcommunitygardensandwhattheybringacommunity.Wewouldspeakwithpersonoroverthephonediscusswhathostingacommunitygardenonyourwouldinvolve.Issuesmayincludediscussinganagreement,charges,gardenrules,wateraccess.AllthecostsfortheprojectwillbecoveredbyWewouldalsolikepresentyouourvisionofthisspace.Wewouldmuchlikehaveyoursupport.ThankforyourconsiderationpleasefeelfreecontactThankyouagain.Respectfully,AnnieLe21.WhatdidAnniewriteJimO'Connor?A.Torenthisland.B.offerhimajob.C.invitehimjoinhergroup.D.Toinformhimofthecommunitygarden.22.Accordingthepassage,whatwillthegardenbringthecommunity?A.Moregreenprojects.C.Morecommunication.B.Lesswaterpollution.D.Highercostofliving.23.AnnieLewouldlikefurtherdiscuss__________.A.servicecostB.cooperationdetailsC.gardeningskillsD.communitydevelopmentBLocalbarber(理發(fā)師)goesabovebeyondforaboy“Thatstartedallwrong,”LaQuistaErinnaAndweforgothisheadphones.wererunninglate,trafficwashorrible,soIknewwasgoingbedifficultthatday.”WhenErinnaherarrivedattheirappointment,seemedliketherewasnoway6-year-oIdJackson,aboywithautism(自閉癥),wouldbegettinghishaircut."Hejustimmediatelygotanxious,"Erinnaexplained.UsuallyIhavesomecoachinggethimtheHewillputonhisheadphones,wepowerthrough.”ErinnasaidJacksonatypicalboywholovesandlovesart.Butsometaskscanbesensoryoverload,andhaircutsareoneofthem.ThestresswassointenseformomandthatalmostyearswentbybeforeJacksongotanotherhaircut.Butthistime,hewasthehandsofRee,thebarber,thingsweregettingeasier.ReenoticedhisSuperMarioBrosshirtandtoldhimthatheneededsaveMariobymakingsurenohairgotonShecuthishairwhileheandranaroundtheshop.Shetalkedhimthroughouttheentireprocess,encouraginghimandremindinghimaboutprotectingMariokeephimengaged."Itjusttouchedmeso”Erinnasaid."Shenurturedthatrelationship.Shegainedhistrust.”“IfeelgoodIgoabovebeyondforachild.”Ree“Iknowchildrenwantbefree.TheywantexpressthemselvessoItryfindadifferentstrategymakefeelcomfortable.”Jackson’stoldtherestofthestory.Erinnawasverymovedbyson'shaircut.Shesharedavideoonline,whichhasgottenmillionsofviews.Givenhugeresponse,ErinnaalsoupaspecialGoFundMesupportReemakeablecontinueworkreplaceanylostincomefromtheimpactofthepandemic(流行病).24.WhatusuallyhelpedJacksonduringhaircuts?A.Hismother'strust.B.Hisartbooks.C.Hisbarber'sencouragement.D.Hisheadphones.25.HowdidReesucceedcuttingJackson'shair?A.Byinspiringhimbebrave.C.Byturningthehaircutintoagame.B.Bycooperatingwithhismother.D.BytellingstoriesaboutSuperMario.26.expressthanksRee,Erinna______________.A.raiseamoneysupportherB.advertisedherhaircuttingskillsD.postedphotosofJackson’shaircutonlineC.gothaircutsathershopregularly27.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeA.Kindhonest.B.Caringandgenerous.D.Confidentfriendly.C.Patientcreative.CThepeoplewhohappenacitycenteratgivenmomentmayseemlikearandomcollectionofindividuals.Butresearchfeaturingsimplemathematicallawshowsthaturbantravelpatternsworldwideare,fact,predictabledespitelocation.Researchersdiscoveredknownasaninversesquarerelation（平方反比關(guān)系）betweenthenumberofpeopleagivenurbanlocationthedistancetheytraveledgetthere,aswellasfrequentlytheymadethetrip.Itmayseemintuitive（直覺的）peoplevisitnearbylocationsfrequentlyanddistantoneslessso,butthenewlydiscoveredrelationaccuratelypredicts,instance,thatthenumberofpeoplecomingfromkilometersawayfivetimesweekwillbethesameasthenumbercomingfromfivekilometerstwiceaweek.Theresearchersanalyzedfromabouteightmillionpeoplebetween20062013sixurbanlocations.Thisstudyfocusedonlocationsexaminedmanypeoplewerevisiting,fromhowandfrequently.Theresearchersfoundthatalltheuniquechoicespeoplemake—fromdroppingkidsatschoolshopping―beythisinversesquarelaw.Oneexplanationforthisstatisticalpatternthattravelingrequirestimeandenergy,andpeoplehavelimitedresourcesforAtthetheeffortthatpeoplearewillinginvestcollectivelytotravelcertainlocations,tryingoptimizetheirdays.Understandingthesepatternsimportantnotonlyforplanningtheplacementofshoppingcentersorpublictransportationbutalsoformodelingdiseasetransmissionwithincities,saysKathleenStewart,ageographerandmobilityresearcher.Manyresearchersestimatetravelwithgravitymodelswhichassumethatmovementbetweencitiesaproportionthepopulationsizes,butthesemodelsdoaccountfortravelpatternswithincitiesInformationthataparticularlycriticaldealingwithdiseasetransmissionepidemiologistsomeScarboroughsaysmodelsbasedonthisfindingmightbettertrackthatflow.Thoseorganizationalpatternshavereallyprofoundimplicationsoncorporatewillspreadsaysasmallerrurallocationswheremanypeopleregulargothegrocerystore,theentiretownwereexperiencedsharperriskofinfectionsasavarioussleepsweepsthroughthecommunity.Butabigcity,thetakeslonger.Heexplainsbecausemanyepidemicsoccureachneighborhoodsomewhatseparately.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“optimize”paragraph4probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Keeparecordof.C.ThinkbackD.Makethemostof.29.Whydoestheauthormention“gravitymodels”paragraph6?A.Tointroducethetravelpatternswithincities.B.Tostressimportanceoftrackingdiseases.C.Tocomparetheurbanruralinfectionrates.D.Toshowtheadvantageofinversesquarelaw.30.Whichofthefollowingbesupportedbythenewlydiscoveredlaw?A.Diseasesspreadfasterruralareasthanbigcities.B.Tripdistanceseldominfluencespeople'stravelchoices.C.Epidemicsareharderdiscoverbigcitiesthanruralareas.D.Cityresidentsarelikelymakefrequenttripsadistantplace.DEarlierthisweektheonlineUKsupermarketOcadotoldcustomersthathad“l(fā)imitedability”delivertheicecreamthem.Why?Becausethepriceofnaturalgasincreasedgreatly,whichhitthesupplyofCO?theUK.Andthathasledacuttheofdryicethatsupermarketsusekeepfoodcooltheirdeliveryvans(小型貨車).Sonoicecream.Thisminicrisishasbeenquicklyresolved,fornowatleast.However,thatdoesn'tmeanyoushouldn'tworry.Thisincidentservesasatimelyreminderofjusthowreliantweareonfossilfuels.Despiteouroptimisticenthusiasmforwindsolarpower,onewayoranotheroilandgasuseshotthrougheverypartofeconomicandsociallives.Thatbethecaseformanydecadescome.InhisrecentlyupdatedbookTherePlanetB,Bemers-Leclaysoutthechallenge.Whenwetalkaboutshiftingfromfossilfuelscleanenergyofonekindoranother,wearen'tdiscussingtakingtheamountofenergyweusenowandproducingthatamountadifferentway.Instead,ourtargetalwaysonthemove.Themoreenergywecangetourhandson,thewe—evenouruseofbecomesmoreefficient.Energyusagegoingkeeprising,whileenergytransitions（轉(zhuǎn)變）tendbothaverytimeandneveractuallyend.justpilesourcesontopofold.Theworldusesmuchtheamountoftraditionalbiomass(woodetc)asdid100yearsago.arerunningThiswillchange.Butnotasfastasyoumightlikethink.In2019,33percentofournewpowergenerationneedsweremetbyrenewableenergy.astart.But40percentweremetbynaturalgas.There’surgencyhereofcourse—whichmightspeedthingsup.ButtheresomethingelsethatmightslowusItdidn'ttakemuchmovepeoplefossilfuelstheyarerelativelyeasyextract,relativelyeasytransport,hugelyenergydenseefficientand,ofcourse,cheap.Untiltheirexternalitieswereunderstood,whocouldpossiblyhaveobjected?Ourcurrenttransitiondifferent:peopleandcompanieswillswitchnotbecausethesourcesareeasieraccess,cheaperormoreenergydensebecauseregulationmandatesthatmust.Eitherway,thetruththatwhetherwelikeornotourenergytransitioninvolvestermrelianceonfossilfuels.Thatmeansweshouldstopdemonisingthem.Instead,weshouldfocusonmakingtheirextractioncleanerandefficientwhilewewaitfortheengineeringchallengesaroundarenewables-ledfuturebe-solved.Ifwedothis—weourselvesbebeguiledbytheideathatsolaradvancedthatwenolongerneedfilthyfuelshaveicecream,wewillfindthefutureheldbackbyneedlesslyexpensiveenergy—andalmostcertainlyice-creamfree.31.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyshow?A.Thenecessityfortraditionalfuels.C.Theseriousnessofenergycrisis.B.Ourenthusiasmforcleanenergy.D.UK'sdependenceondry32.AccordingMikeBemers-Lee,_____.A.wehavemoretypesofenergyonhandC.energytransitionfarfrombeingrealizedB.theuseofenergybecomesmoreefficientD.weareclosertheaimofreplacingfossilfuels33.Theunderlinedword“demonising”Paragraph6bereplacedby___.A.wastingB.devaluingC.distributingD.justifying34.Whatthewritersattitudetowardthetransitionrenewableenergy?A.IndifferentB.Defensive.C.Disapproving.DCautious.第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2分，共根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的7個選項中，選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑，選項中有兩項為多余選項。Rethinkingobesity（肥胖癥）Inprinciple,soundseatlessandmovemore.dietaryadvicefordealingwithobesityhasbeenaroundfordecades.35So,whyhasn’tthisapproachweighcontrolworked?Onepossibilitythatwehaven'ttriedhardenough.Perhapswehavelackedthedisciplineandwillpowermaintainhealthydietaryandexercisehabits—achallengemadedifficulttodayforthosesurroundedbyinexpensive,highlyprocessedfoods.36InarecentpapermycolleaguesandIquestionthebasicassumptionofwhethertakingmorecaloriesthanyouburnreallytheprimarycauseofobesity.Wearguethatwearedrivenovereatbecausewegettingfatter.Thehowthisworksobesityinsulin（胰島素）Processed.rapidlydigestiblecarbonhydrates碳水化合物)raiseourinsulinleveltoohigh.37Afewhoursaftereatingahigh-carbmeal,thenumberofcaloriesthebloodstreamfallssuddenly,sowehungriersooneraftereating.Theopposingviewsofcauseandeffectobesityhaveverydifferentimplicationsforhowpreventandweightproblems.Theusualapproachfocusesmucheat,withprescriptions（處方）fordailycalorieintake.38Higher-fatfoodshelpridofbodyfat.apossibilitysupportedbyclinicaltrialscomparinghigh-fatdietswithlow-fatones.Thiswayofthinkingmightexplainwhycalorierestrictionusuallyfailslongbeforeapersonwithobesityapproachesanidealbodyweight.Alow-calorie,low-fatdietfurtherrestrictsanalreadylimitedsupplyofenergythebody,worseninghungerwithoutaddressingtheunderlyingtendencystoretoomanycaloriesbodyfat.39Althoughmuchmoreresearchwillbeneededtestthisidea,questionthebasicassumptionsaboutcauseandeffect,caloriesweightgainthathavecontrolledthinkingfordecades.A.Yet,worldwideobesityratesjustkeepgoingup.B.Inview,theemphasisshouldbeplacedwhateat.C.ItimportantcontroltheamountofconsumedbyusD.Obesityadiseaseaffects650millionadultsworldwide.E.Orperhapstheproblemthefocuson“caloriebalance”itself.F.Weightlossbecomesabetweenmindmetabolism.G.Thiscausesfatcellstoomanycalories,leavingfewerfortherestofthebody.第三部分書面表達(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)共4小題第、2分，第題3分，第題5分共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。Everyyearmoreofusreduceourimpactonplanet.Arefillshop,orzerowasteshop,givesachoicegogreen.Refillshopstendsmall,independentstoresthatsellnon-packagedgoods.Mostthetheywillbedryoneslikericeandnutsproduceddirectlythelocalsites,whichmeanslesscarbonfootprintfromfarmplate.Theyalsobemanyothersustainable(可持續(xù)的)products,likerefillcleaningproductsandsoaps.Shoppersonlyneedbringcontainerstheyalreadyownandrefillthemfromlargercontainersthestore.Refillandzero-wasteshopsareusuallylocatedcommunities.Buyingfromwithinwalkingdistance,clearly,moresustainableandkindertheplanet,andyourcommunity.Ifyou'rewalkingdowntheyourlocalrefillshop,thenyou'redoinggreatyou'redrivinghoursfindyourclosestshop,thenthetransportmaycanceloutanybenefitsofwhatbuy.Remember,thewholeprocessnottheendproduct.Perhapsthemostsignificantaspectofshoppingatlocalshopsthattheyencourageusthinkaboutconsumerhabits.Theymakeuspausethinkaboutwemakepositiv