實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版

實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版CourseOverviewThiscourseisalinearseriesofpages,organizedasshownbelow.Ifyouworkinachemicallab,youwillgetimportantEH&Sinformationandkeepyouworkinlabsafelyandagoodhabitonworksafety.TherearesomeCASESTUDYandQUIZinserted1實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024CourseOverviewThiscourseisalinearseriesofpages,organizedasshownbelow.Ifyouworkinachemicallab,youwillgetimportantEH&Sinformationandkeepyouworkinlabsafelyandagoodhabitonworksafety.TherearesomeCASESTUDYandQUIZinserted2實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Whenyoutakeajobinanewlaboratory,oneofthefirstthingsyoushoulddoisaskyourdirectortoreviewwithyoutheemergencyresponseplansforthelab.Makeparticularnoteofthelocationsof:Emergencytelephonenumbers.Eyewashfountainsandemergencyshowers.Spillkits.Emergencyexitsandevacuationroutes.EmergencyResponse3實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024FireHazardFireisthemostpotentiallydevastatingemergencyinthelaboratory.ItisimperativethatyouknowhowtopreventfiresandbepreparedtorespondshouldafireoccurPreventingfires.Useofflammablesolventsisaprimarycauseoflabfires.Alwaysfollowtheseprudentpractices:Usethesmallestquantitiesofflammablesolventspracticable.Storestockquantitiesinflammablesstoragecabinets.Separateflammablesolventsfromsourcesofignition.NeveruseaBunsenburnerinanyareawhereflammablesolventsarehandled.

4實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024FireHazardBeingprepared:Knowthefireemergencyresponseproceduresofyourlaboratory.Keepthelabaislesandevacuationroutesfreeofequipmentandotherobjectsthatcouldobstructsafepassage.Remember:Safepassageisforyourbenefitandforthebenefitofemergencyresponders.Periodicallypracticeemergencyresponseprocedures.5實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024LabbenchFireAflammableliquidhasjustspilledoutontothetopofbenchandcaughtafire6實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Casestudy:

LabbenchFireAlertpeopleinLabandactivatealarm2.Smotherfireorusefireextinguisher3.Aimextinguishatbaseoffire4.Stayonexitsideoffire5.Reporttheincidenttoyoudirector7實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Followtheseimmediateproceduresincaseofamajorlabfire:Alertpeopletoevacuatethearea.Activatenearestfirealarmorcallforemergencyresponse.Closelabdoorstoconfinefire.Haveapersonwhoisknowledgeableaboutthelaband

theincidentreadytoassistemergencypersonnel.Emergencyprocedures:Majorlabfire8實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Emergencyprocedures:MedicalFollowtheseimmediateproceduresinamedicalemergency:Remaincalm.Initiatelifesavingmeasuresifrequired.Callforemergencyresponse.Donotmovethepersonunlessthereisdangeroffurther

harm.Keeptheinjuredpersonwarm.9實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Slipandfall!Help!

Agradstudentfromanotherlabjusttookanastyfallinfrontoftheicemachine.Shecomplainsthatshecannotfeelherfeet.Whatisthefirstthingyoushoulddo?10實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Liftherintoachair.Liftherlegsandcheckifshecanholdthemupunaided.Callforhelpimmediately.Askifshecanwigglehertoes.Remember!!!Movingyourcolleague,evenifjustherlegs,couldcausefurtherinjury.YoushouldcallforhelpimmediatelyWhichisbestanswer11實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Clothingfire!Help!

Yourcolleaguejustdroppeda250mlbeakerofalcoholthatsplashedonthebenchtopandthefrontofhislabcoat.AnearbyBunsenburnercausedthealcoholtoburstintoflame.12實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/20241.Putoutthefire:Dropandroll;rollaroundonthefloortosmothertheflames.2.Chilltheburnwithcoolwater.3.Seekmedicalattention,andreporttheincidenttoyourdirector.Howtohandlethiskindofcase13實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/202414實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Doyouknow:Wheretofindinformationconcerningthehazardsofthechemicalspresentinyourworkarea?Whentousealaboratorychemicalhood?Howtoselectappropriateeyeprotection?Whataboutgloves?Whattodoincaseyouareinvolvedinafireorchemicalemergency?

HazardcommunicationAllofthisisinformationthatyouneedtoknowtohelpyoudoyourworkinthesafestmannerpossible.ItisalsoinformationthatyouhavearighttoknowunderOSHAstandardsenactedtoprotectyourhealthandsafetythroughbettercommunication,bettertraining,andbetterworkpractices.15實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024KeyelementsoftheOSHAstandards:Youmustreceiveadequatetraininginworkingwithhazardouschemicals.2.MaterialSafetyDataSheetsmustbemadeavailabletoyou.3.Youmustbeinformedofhazardouschemicalspresentinyourworkareaandofoperationsinwhichtheyareinvolved.4.Youshouldknowhowtodetectthepresenceorreleaseofahazardouschemical.5.Youmustbeprovidedpersonalprotectiveequipmentandengineeringcontrols.6.Youmustknowtheproperproceduresforrespondingtoemergencies.16實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024ChemicalHygienePlanYourhostinstitutionhasawrittenChemicalHygienePlan.ThePlanconveysthehazardsofchemicalswhichmaybepresentinyourworkarea,anddescribesappropriateworkpractices,proceduresandcontrolswhichareinplacetoprotectyoufromthosehazards.

Youshouldbecomefamiliarwithyourhostinstitution'sChemicalHygienePlanorotherlaboratorysafetydocuments.Youmayrequestcopiesofthesematerialsfromyoursupervisororyourhostinstitution'senvironmentalhealthandsafetyoffice.17實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024MaterialSafetyDataSheets

AnotherimportantreferenceforhealthandsafetyinformationistheMaterialSafetyDataSheet,orMSDS.AMaterialSafetyDataSheetispreparedforeachchemicalbyitsmanufacturer.Itdescribesthephysicalandchemicalpropertiesoftheproduct,thehealthhazards,andappropriateemergencyresponseprocedures.And,itcantellyouofacuteandchroniceffectsthatcanbecausedbyexposuretohazardouschemicals.18實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024HazardoussubstancesCarcinogens.Substancesthatmaycausecancerinhumansandanimalsundercertainconditions.Anexampleischromicacid.Corrosives.Substancesthatcausevisibledestructionorpermanentchangetoskintissueoncontact.Anexampleishydrochloricacid.Hepatotoxins.Substancesthatmaycausedamagetotheliver.Anexampleischloroform.Mutagens.Substancesthatmaycausechangesinthegeneticmaterialofcells.Anexampleisethidiumbromide.溴乙啡啶Nephrotoxins.Substancesthatmaycausedamagetothekidneys.Anexampleisacetonitrile.氰化甲烷Neurotoxins.Substancesthatareharmfultothenervoussystem.Anexampleisacrylamide.丙烯酰胺Teratogens.Substancesthatmayaffectthedevelopmentofanembryoorfetus.Anexampleisformamide甲酰胺19實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Consultingsafetydatasheets

Let'slookatatypicalMSDS,usingapop-upwindow.Afterreadingthispage,clickonthelinkbelowtoopenasecondwindowshowinganMSDSforchromicacid.1.ScrollthroughthewindowtofindSection3,"HazardsIdentification,"andbrieflyreviewtheinformation.2.Now,scrolltoSection11oftheMSDSandfindtheinformationonchroniceffects.Lookatthisinformationcarefullybecauseitwillhelpyouanswerthequizquestiononthenextpage.20實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024WhichoneisbestanswerMaycausecancer.MayaltergeneticmaterialMaydamagetheliverMaydamagethekidneysAlloftheabove.Warning:Repeatedexposuretochromicacidmaycauseseveralchroniceffectsincludingcancer,alterationofgeneticmaterial,anddamagetotheliverandkidneys.Acuteexposurecanalsobeveryserious.Chromicacidisextremelydestructivetomucousmembranes,eyes,andskin.

21實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024MedicalconditionsandsymptomsYoushouldtalkwithyoursupervisorordoctorifyouareworkingwithhazardouschemicalsandYouaretakingmedication.Youarepregnant.Youhaveamedicalconditionsuchaschronicallergy.And,alwaysseeyourphysicianifyoudevelopsymptomsoranillnessthatcouldbeassociatedwithyourlaboratorywork.22實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Containerlabels

Labelsareanothergoodreferenceforinformationonchemicalhazards.Labelsoncontainersofpurchasedchemicalsinclude:Thecommonnameofthesubstance.Anappropriatehazardwarning.Otherlabelinformationmayincludeproceduresfor:Properhandling.Storage.Emergencyresponse.

23實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Workingwithradioactivematerials

Ifyouareworkinginalaboratorythatusesradioactivematerials,youshould:Recognizethewarningorcautionsignsindicatingthepresenceofradioactivematerialssuchashoseshownhere.Betrainedinspecificsafeworkpracticesforyourlaboratoryorworkplace.Knowandfollowmeticulouslythesafeworkpracticesofyourhostinstitution.Ifyouhaveconcernaboutenteringalaboratorywhereradioactivematerialsarehandled,talkwithyoursupervisor.Chancesaretherewouldbenohazardousradiationexposuretoyou.24實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/202425實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Chemicalstorage

Safestorageofchemicalsisanecessityineverylaboratory.Itwill:Provideforeffectivemanagementofchemicals.Lessentheriskoffire.Preventaccidentalmixingofincompatiblechemicalsinemergencies.Minimizeexposuretocorrosiveandtoxicchemicals.Safechemicalstoragemayseemtobeamatterofcommonsense.Yetinfact,itrequiresanawarenessofeachchemical'spotentialhazards,andalotofthought.26實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024SafestorageHaveanexperiencedco-workeroryoursupervisorshowyouthedesignatedstorageareasandhelpyoubecomefamiliarwiththespecificstoragelocationsofeachchemical.Payparticularattentiontohowacids,flammables,anddetergentsarestored.Whenyouremoveachemicalfromstorage,alwaysremembertoreturnittothesamespot.Thisisbeingconsiderateofyourco-workersaswellassafepractice.Ifyouhaveaquestionconcerningtheproperstorageofahazardouschemical,don'tguess;askyourdirectorforguidance.27實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Rulesofthumbforsafestorage

Donotstoremorechemicalsthanyouwillneedoverareasonableperiod.Alwaysreadthechemical'slabelandmarkitwiththedateofreceiptbeforestoring.Neverstorehighlyreactivechemicalsforlongerthan6months.Neverstoreachemicalwithanobscuredormissinglabel.Separatechemicalsintocompatiblegroupsandstorealphabeticallywithinthegroups.Designateseparatestorageareasforhighlytoxicchemicals.28實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Rulesofthumbforsafestorage,(continued)

Storechemicalsthatcanigniteatroomtemperatureinaflammablescabinet.Ifflammablechemicalsrequirecoldstorage,storeonlyinrefrigeratorsapprovedforsuchuse.Storageareasforcorrosive,toxic,flammable,andhighlyreactivechemicalsshouldbenearalaboratorychemicalhoodtoencourageuseofthehoodwhentransferringchemicals.29實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Storeonlycleaningmaterialsdirectlyunderthesink.Neverstoreliquidhazardouschemicalsaboveeyelevel.Storeheavychemicalcontainersonlowershelves,notonthefloor.Storechemicalsonshelveswithraisededges.Rulesofthumbforsafestorage,(continued)

30實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024QUIZYoursupervisorasksyoutocleanupyourworkareaandputawayallofthechemicalcontainersthatareout.Asyoubegin,youfindanunlabeledcontainerthatishalffullofacolorlessliquid.Whatshouldyoudo?Storeitnexttoachemicalcontainerthathasthesameshape.Pouritdownthedrainbecauseit'smostlikelyharmless.Takethecontainertothewastedisposalpick-uparea.Askyoursupervisorforadviceaboutwhattodo.Remember:Alwaysbringaquestionlikethistotheattentionofyoursupervisor.Youshouldnevertrytostore,disposeof,orsendoutfordisposalanunidentifiedchemical.

31實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024PersonalPPEYoucandoalottoprotectyourselfwhileworkingwithdetergentsandhazardouschemicals.Wearlongpants,along-sleevedshirt,closed-toeshoes,alaboratorycoat,eyeprotection,andgloves.Whenhandlingacidsweararubberizedapronforaddedprotection.32實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024AlwaysprotectyoureyesSafetyglasseswithsideeyeshields,splashgoggles,andfullfaceshieldsoffervaryingdegreesofprotectionagainstsplatteringchemicals.Choosesafetyglasseswithsideeyeshieldswhenthereisasplashhazardwithasmallquantityofahazardouschemical,forinstance,whenopeningorclosingabottle.33實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024CASESTUDY:EYESSPLASHWorkingquickly,youflickedopenanclosedtubeandseveraldropletsofphenolhityoueyes.1.Immediatelywasheyeballandinnersurfaceofeyelidfor15minutes2.Forciblelyholdeyeopentoensureeffectivewashbehindeyelids3.Obtainmedicalattention4.Reporttheincidenttoyourdirector34實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024GoggleandFaceGuardWeargoggleswhenyouarehandlingachemicalthatishighlycausticorinalargervolume,perhapsaliterormore.Wearafaceshieldwhenyouarehandlingaverylargevolumeofahazardouschemical,orwhenyouneedtoprotectyourfaceandyoureyes.Forexample,wearafaceshieldwhenyouareremovingaclosedcontainerfromliquidnitrogen.35實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024GlovesWearingglovesisasimpleandeffectivewaytoprotectyourselffromchemicalcontact,buttheglovesmustberesistanttothespecificchemicalwithwhichyouareworking.Noglovematerialisimpermeabletoallchemicals,therefore,themosteffectivepracticeinusingprotectiveglovesistochangethemfrequentlyandwhenevertheyarecontaminated.36實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Choosethecorrectgloves

1.Youshouldknowthecharacteristicsofthedifferentglovetypesandunderstandthehazardsofthechemicalsinvolvedineachprocedure.2.Glovesthatallowgooddexteritywilloffernoorlittleresistancetochemicals.3.Specialglovesthatprovideahigherdegreeofresistanceshouldbeusedwhencontactwithhazardouschemicalsisunavoidable,however,contacttimeshouldbelimited.4.AskforguidancefromyoursafetyprogramwhenselectingaglovetypeforhandlingchemicalsthathavePELvalueswitha"skin"notation.Thesechemicalscancauseadversehealtheffectsthroughskinabsorption.5.And,alwayswashyourhandsthoroughlywithsoapandwaterwhenchangingintofreshgloves,andafterworkingwithanyhazardoussubstances37實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024CasestudyCanIborrowyourchairforaminute?Ineedtogetaboxoffthetopshelf.1.Sure,butbecareful.Itswivels.2.Whydon'tIgiveyouaboosttothecountertop?3.Youshouldreallyusethatstepladderoverthere.4.Iusuallyopenthebottomdrawerandstandonit.Remember:Justasinyourlaboratory,youshouldusethepropertoolforthejob.38實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Casestudy:ChemicalSpillAcolleaguehasjustspilledacidonhisclothes1.Floodexposedareawithrunningwaterfromfaucetorsafetyshoweratleast15minutes2.Removecontaminatedclothesatonceandmakesurechemicalhasnotaccumulatedinshoes3.Obtainmedicalattention,andreporttheincidenttoyourdirector39實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Practicingsafesciencewithchemicals

Workingwithchemicalssafelymeansdoingallthethingsrequiredfordoinggoodscience:Knowyourprotocol;executeproceduresmeticulously.Knowyourchemicals.Usesmallerquantitiesofchemicals;considersafer

replacementprotocols.Wearsafetyglasses,propergloves,andalabcoatwhenhandlinghazardouschemicals;avoidsplashhazards.Usealaboratorychemicalhoodwhenhandlingstockquantitiesofvolatilehazardouschemicals.Bealertforhazardoussituations;useahealthydoseofcommonsense;maintainconcentration.40實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/202441實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Laboratorychemicalhoods

Thelaboratorychemicalhoodisaventilatedenclosurethatprotectsyoufrombeingexposedtochemicalfumes,gases,andaerosolsthataregeneratedwithintheenclosure.Protectionisprovidedbyroomairthatisdrawnintothehoodandventedtotheatmosphere.Thehoodventilationprovidesfurtherprotectionbydilutingtheconcentrationofflammablegasesbelowexplosionlimits.

Thehoodshouldalwaysbeon.Notifythefacilitystafforthesafetyofficeimmediatelyifthehoodisofforyouobservecontaminantsescapingfromit42實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024HowtheHoodworksYoucanplacedryiceintoahoodandseehowitactuallyworks.Ifthesashisallthewayup,thevaporspillsoutofthehoodeasily,compromisingprotection.Whenthesashispulleddowntothemarkedposition,thereisbettercontrol.Thedryicevaporsarecapturedreadily,increasingprotection43實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Turbulencearoundthehood

Theaerodynamicdesignofthehoodopening,includingtheairfoilsill,smoothestheairflowasitentersthehood,lesseningturbulence.Roomairdrafts,rapidhandmovementsintoandoutofthehood,andobstructionsattheairfoilsillcanaffectperformance.Evenasmalldisturbancenearthehood,likesomeoneclosingadoororwalkingby,cancreatedraftsthatcausevaportoescapefromthehood.Whenplanningtodoahazardousexperiment,youshouldaskyourcolleaguestoreduceactivitiessuchaswalkingpastthehoodoropeningandclosingthelabdoorswhileyouareworking.44實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Limittheopensasharea

Themostimportantdecisionyouwillmakeincontrollinghoodperformanceisthesashheight.Youhaveseenhowthehood'sperformanceimprovesastheareaofthesashopeningdecreases.Keepingthesashatorbelowthesafesash-openingmarkerisgoodpractice.Placingthesashatthelowestlevelforconvenientoperationwillprovidethebestprotection.45實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024QuizWhatistheprincipalwaybywhichalaboratorychemicalhoodprotectstheworker?Thehooddrawsairfromtheroomandventsittotheatmosphere.Thesashofthehoodshieldstheworkerfromhazards.Roomairdilutestheconcentrationofhazardousgases.Thehoodprovidesadesignatedareainwhichtoconducthazardouswork.Remember:Theroomairthatisdrawnintothehoodcapturescontaminantsthathavebeengeneratedinsideofthehoodandventsthemoutside.Thiskeepsthecontaminantsfromescapingfromthehoodintoyourworkenvironment.Apartialphysicalbarrierlikethesash,airdilution,andadesignatedworkareawillnotbythemselvesprotectyouwhenyouarehandlinghazardouschemicals.46實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Usinglaboratorychemicalhoods

Planyourexperiment:First,assesstherisksofyourexperiment.Ifalaboratorychemicalhoodisrequired,placeeverythingyouneedinthehoodbeforestarting.Lowerthesash:Alwaysmakesurethesashispulleddowntothemarkedlevel.Thebestprotectionisprovidedwhenthesashisbroughttothelowestlevelforconvenientoperation.Watchyouractivity:Useslowanddeliberatemotions.Placesuppliessothattheydonotobstructtheairflowattheairfoilsillortheexhaustslotsatthebackofthehood.Donotworkwithinfourinchesoftheairfoilsill.47實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024quizThebestwaytoprotectyourselfwhenworkingatalaboratorychemicalhoodisto:

Lowerthesashonlytothesash-openingmarker.Lowerthesashtothemostconvenientpointatorbelowthesafesash-openingmarker.Leavethesashintheexactpositionwhereyoufoundit.Raisethesashwideopen.Remember:Placingthesashatthelowestlevelforconvenientoperationwillprovidethebestprotection.Neverassumethatthepositionwhereyoufindthesashisthesafestpositionforyou.Raisingthesashabovethesafesash-openingmarkerwillincreaseyourriskofexposure.48實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/202449實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Researchemployeeinjuries1993-1997

Themostcommonseriousinjuries:cutsduetocarelessuseofrazorblades.Source:HowardHughesMedicalInstitute,OfficeofLaboratorySafety.Allreportedinjuriesareshown,withoutregardtoseverity.50實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Laboratorysupportinjuries,1993-1997

Themostcommonseriousinjuries:strainsandfracturesduetofallsandimproperliftingofheavyobjects.Source:HowardHughesMedicalInstitute,OfficeofLaboratorySafety.Allreportedinjuriesareshown,withoutregardtoseverity.51實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Administrativesupportinjuries,1993-1997

Themostcommonseriousinjuries:strainsandfracturesduetofallsandimproperliftingofheavyobjects.Source:HowardHughesMedicalInstitute,OfficeofLaboratorySafety.Allreportedinjuriesareshown,withoutregardtoseverity

52實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/202453實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Casestudy:minorcutsandinjuries

Whileremovinganoldlabelwithasharpblade,you’vegivenyourselfadeepcutonthefinger1.Vigorouslywashinjurywithsoapandwaterforseveralminutes2.Obtainmedicalattention3.Minorcutsandinjuriesshouldbeseenbythehealthclinic,evenifexposuretoahazardousmaterialisnotanissue54實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Physicalhazards

Achemicallaboratory,likeanyotherworkplace,presentsavarietyofphysicalhazardsthatcanbeminimizedbyusinggoodlaboratorypracticeandcommonsense,bystayingalert,andbyalwaysthinkingaboutwherethehazardsare.Keepfloorsdryandunclutteredtopreventslips,trips,andfalls.Wheneverpossible,openflamesshouldbereplacedbyelectricalheating.55實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024PhysicalhazardRespectthedangersofhighvoltage,ultravioletlight,heatsources,andcryogenicmaterials.Whentransportinghazardoussubstances,makecertainthatthecontainersaresealedandusesecondarycontainers.Trynottotakeroutinemanipulationsforgranted,especiallythoseinvolvingglass,needles,orsharps.And,ifyouaretiredordistracted,takeabreak,relaxandrefocus.Ifyounoticeanyunsafeconditionsorhaveanaccidentorinjury,talkwithyoursupervisor.56實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024PhysicalhazardHighvoltageequipment:Whenusinghighvoltageequipmentlikeinelectrophoresis,besurethatthepowerisoffbeforeyoustartmakingconnections.Handlepowerleadsoneatatime,withonehandonly,andneverifyourhandsarewetorsweaty.Bewareoflooseconnectionsthatcouldallowsparksoranelectricalarc.Keeptheequipmentawayfromasinkorwetarea.And,ifyoufeelatinglewhenyoutouchtheunit,stopusingitimmediatelyuntilitisrepaired.Microwaveovens:Microwaveovenscanbedangerouspiecesofequipmentwhennotusedproperly.Cappedcontainerscanexplode.Superheatingofliquidscanoccur.Inappropriatelyselectedplasticcontainerscanmelt.57實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/202458實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Glasswarewashinghazard:Inamodernlabeveryonewhosupportsthescientistssharestworesponsibilitiestocarryouthisorherdutieswithgreatcare,andtoworksafely.PPE:Yougetimportantprotectionfromhazardsbywearingalabcoatandclosed-toeshoeswithrubbersoles.And,alwaysremembertowearyoursafetyglassesandrubbergloves.Maintainingasafeworkplace:Watchoutforanythingthatcouldcauseaslip,triporfall.Anon-slipsurfaceandfloormatsprovideagoodmarginofsafety.

Alwayscleanupanyminorspillsorbreakagerightaway.Thisprotectsyou,andprotectsyourco-workerswhomightnotrealizethere'sahazardinthearea.59實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Preliminaryproceduresinglasswarewashing

Contaminateditems:Returnglasswarethatcontainschemicalsorcontaminationtotheresearcherforproperdisposal.Brokenglassware:Disposeofanychippedorcrackeditemsinaproperdisposalcontainer.

Removinglabels:Whenscrapinglabels,alwaysbracethebottleagainstthesinksoyouhavegoodcontrolandthebottledoesn'tslip.Presoakglassware:AtmanyfacilitiesitemsarepresoakedwithEDTAsulfonate-baseddetergenttoaidincleaningandeliminateanyneedforacidcleaning.60實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024Acidwashingprecautions

Ifyouusechromicacid,askyoursupervisortoselectasafermethod.Mostfacilitiesdonotuseacidcleaningmethodsatallbecauseofthehazardofhandlingacid.Butifacidwashingisdoneatyourfacility,followthesesafetyprecautions:1.Protectyourself:Wearlabcoat,long-sleevedacid-resistantgloves,heavy-dutyapron,goggles,full-faceshield,andclosed-toeshoeswithrubbersoles.Workcarefullytopreventsplashingacid.Neverpourwaterintoacid.2.Containacid:Carryandstoreacidinasecondaryacid-resistantcontainerorbottlecarrier.Donotuseorstoreacidnearbleachorotherincompatiblechemicals.And,keepacidcontainerscoveredwhennotinuse.Adoptthebuddysystem:Alwayshaveanotherpersonstaynearbywhenyouareusingacid.61實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024CaseStudy:burninjuryAco-workerhasjusthadhisarmsplashedwithscaldingwater1.Helphimtoimmediatelygethisarmsubmergedintocoolwater2.Callforemergencyassistance3.Keepthearmsubmergedincoolwateruntilemergencyhelparrives4.Reporttheincidenttoyourdirector62實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024AdditionalQUIZ1Asyouareunloadingdirtyglasswarefromthesoakingtubyoufindaclosedflaskthatcontainsacoloredliquid.Whatshouldyoudo?Unscrewthecapandcarefullypourtheliquiddownthedrain.Putitasideandlateraskyoursupervisorifyoushouldwashit.Returnittothelabthatsentittotheglasswashfacility.Tosstheflaskanditscontentsintothewastedisposalbin.Theliquidmaybeahazardouschemicalorothercontaminatedmaterial.Returntheflasktothelabwherethematerialcanbepositivelyidentifiedanddisposedofproperly.Showingsuchcareinhandlingthisproblemmayalsoencouragethelabtobemorecarefulinthefuturewiththeirdirtyglassware.

63實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024QUIZ2Phenolisslowlyleakingfromacrackedbottle.Ithasseepedoverthecounterandontoyourcolleague'sleg.Whatisthefirstthingyoushoulddo?Callforassistance.Gethertoanemergencyshower.Haveherremoveherclothing.Makehercomfortableuntilhelparrives.Gettoanemergencyshowerasquicklyaspossible64實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全簡(jiǎn)介英文版5/8/2024QUIZ3Yourco-workerisremovingtherackfromtheautoclaveandabottleexplodessplashingherarmwithscaldingwater.Shestartstoscream.Whatisthefirstthingyoushoulddo?Callforemergencyassistance.Helphertogetherarmsubmergedintoicewaterimmediately.Wrapherarminablanket.Reporttheincidenttoyoursupervisor.Icewaterimmersionisthebestimmediatetreatmentforaburnbecauseithelpstostoptheburningprocess.Aftersub