高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)-第一部分-教材梳理-Unit-5-Nelson-Mandela-a-modern-h

Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero1/57關(guān)鍵單詞meanmeaningmeaningful1．________adj.吝嗇；自私；卑劣vt.意思是；意味著→________n．意義；含義→___________adj.有意義；意味深長(zhǎng)activeactivelyactivity2．________adj.主動(dòng)；活躍→________adv.主動(dòng)地→________n．活動(dòng)generousgenerouslygenerosity

3．__________adj.慷慨；大方→___________adv.慷慨地；大方地→___________n．慷慨；大方2/57

4．________vt.(與to連用)獻(xiàn)身；專(zhuān)心于→________adj.忠實(shí)；深?lèi)?ài)→________n．忠誠(chéng)；熱愛(ài) 5．________vt.建立；建設(shè)→__________n．建立；奠基；基礎(chǔ)devotedevoteddevotionfound6．________adj.和平；平靜；安寧→________n．和平foundationpeacefulpeaceguidance7．________n．指導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)→________vt.指導(dǎo)，指揮n．導(dǎo)游；指南guidehopefulhopefullyhopehopeless

8．________adj.懷有希望；有希望→__________adv.有希望地→________v．&n．希望→__________adj.沒(méi)希望3/579．________vt.&vi.投票；選舉n．投票；選票；表決10．________vt.進(jìn)攻；攻擊；抨擊voteattack11．________adj.相等；平等→________adv.平等地；公平地→________n．平等equalequallyequality12．________adj.愿意；自愿→___________n．愿意；愿意willingwillingnessunfairfairescape13．_______adj.不公正；不公平→_______adj.公平14.________vi.&vt.逃脫；逃走；避開(kāi)educate15．________vt.教育；訓(xùn)練→__________adj.受過(guò)教育；有教養(yǎng)→___________n．教育educatededucation4/57begbeggarterrorterrible16．________vi.請(qǐng)求；乞求→________n．乞丐17．________n．恐怖；可怕人；恐怖時(shí)期；恐怖活動(dòng)→________adj.可怕crueltycruel18．________n．殘忍；殘酷→___________adj.殘忍；殘酷rewardrewardingsentence19．_______n．酬勞；獎(jiǎng)金vt.酬勞；獎(jiǎng)賞→________adj.有回報(bào)president20．________vt.判決；宣判21．_________n．總統(tǒng)；會(huì)長(zhǎng)；校長(zhǎng)；行長(zhǎng)5/57?？级陶Z(yǔ)workLeaguematterfact1．outof________失業(yè)blowtrouble2．Youth________青年團(tuán)3．a(chǎn)sa________of________實(shí)際上4．________up使充氣；爆炸turnheart5．in________在危險(xiǎn)、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等處境中comepower6．________to求援于；致力于7．lose________喪失勇氣或信心set8．________to________當(dāng)權(quán)；上臺(tái)9．________up設(shè)置；建立sentenced10．be___________to被判處……(徒刑)11．inone's________在某人看來(lái)opinion6/57經(jīng)典佳句assoonasIcould

1．WhenheorganizedtheANCYouthLeague,Ijoinedit________________________________________.當(dāng)他組織了非國(guó)大青年聯(lián)盟時(shí)，我馬上就參加了這個(gè)組織。2．...onlythen________________________toanswerviolencewithviolence.……只有到那個(gè)時(shí)候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。didwedecide7/57shouldhavebeenasleep

3．Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandtheeveningswhenwe________________________________.他在午餐后休息時(shí)間以及晚上原來(lái)該睡覺(jué)時(shí)間教我們學(xué)習(xí)。 4．Ifeltbad________________________Italkedtoagroup.第一次給旅行團(tuán)作講解時(shí)，我心情很不好。thefirsttime8/57課文回顧foughtequaltooutthat

DoyouknowtheformerpresidentofSouthAfrica,NelsonMandela?He1.________(fight)fortheblackpeopleandwasinprisonforthirtyyears.Hehelpedtheblackpeopletoget2.________(equality)rightsasthewhitepeople.advise

Eliaswasastudentinaschool.Becausehisfamilycouldn'tcontinue3.________paytheschoolfees,hehadtodropoutofschool.Thenhefoundajobinagoldmineandhewasworriedwhetherhewouldbe4.________ofwork.Itwasduringthisdifficultperiodoftime5.________hemetNelsonMandelaforthefirsttime,whohadopenedalawfirmto6.________(advice)poor9/57tovotewereputviolenceblowblackpeopleontheirproblems.Atthattime,blackpeoplehadnorights7.________(vote)andtheirlifewasdecidedbythewhites.NelsonMandelasaidtoEliasthatthey8.__________(put)intoapositioninwhichtheyhadeithertoaccepttheywerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.Sohedecidedtouse9._________(violent)．ThoughEliasdidn'tlikeviolence,hehelpedNelsonMandela10.________(blow)upgovernmentbuildings.Heknewitwasdangeroustodoit,buthealsoknewitwouldhelptorealizetheirdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.10/57

單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(年北京卷·完形填空)ShestartedtheLadybug____________(found),anorganizationaimingatgettingridofhomelessness.Foundationbeingpunishededucated

2．Whoeverbreaksthelawwon'tescape________________(punish)． 3．Thepeoplewhoworkherearewell____________(educate)andopen-minded.attacking

4．Thereisanewspaperarticle________(attack)thePrimeMinister.11/57violencehaveseenof5．The________(violent)andbadlanguageintheprogramshockedmanyoftheviewers.selfless6．Thelast10years__________(see)greatchangesinChina.7．Weliketodealwiththatcompanyfortheirproductsare________highquality.forDevoting

8．Asasoldier,heshowed________(self)devotiontoduty. 9．Isenthimabookinreward________histimelyhelp. 10．_________(devote)herselftoteachingthedeafchildren，theyoungladyhaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter.12/57vt.意思是；意味

1．meanadj.吝嗇；自私；卑劣著；打算

bemeanwith/oversth.對(duì)某物吝嗇 bemeantosb.對(duì)某人吝嗇；自私 meantodosth.打算做某事 meandoingsth.意味著做某事13/57【聯(lián)想發(fā)散】meansn．方式；伎倆(單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同)bymeansof用……方法byallmeans一定；盡一切方法bynomeans決不byanymeans不論怎樣14/57toaddasking利用單句語(yǔ)法填空

(1)Sheisalwaysselfishandismean________others. (2)Hewasborninapoorfamilyandhasalwaysbeenmean___________money. (3)Sorry,Ididn'tmean__________(add)toyourtrouble. (4)Hiscomingmeans_________(ask)formoremoneyfromme.towith/over15/572．devotevt.(與to連用)獻(xiàn)身；專(zhuān)心于devoteoneself/one'slife(time/money/energy)to(doing)sth.把……獻(xiàn)給……；把……用在……上bedevotedto(doing)sth.專(zhuān)心致志于；忠于devotionn．深?lèi)?ài)，熱愛(ài)(與for連用)；忠實(shí)；專(zhuān)心(與to連用)devotedadj.忠實(shí)；深?lèi)?ài)16/57【聯(lián)想發(fā)散】以下短語(yǔ)中to是介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞：lookforwardtosth./doingsth.期盼做某事objecttosth./doingsth.反對(duì)做某事be/getusedtosth./doingsth.習(xí)慣做某事payattentiontosth./doingsth.注意做某事getdowntosth./doingsth.開(kāi)始做某事beaccustomedtosth./doingsth.習(xí)慣某事17/57preparingDevoteddevotion利用單句語(yǔ)法填空

(1)Beforetheexam,Idevotedmyselfto__________(prepare)forit. (2)__________(devote)tohisteaching,hehasnotimetospendaweekendwithhisfamily. (3)Frommyfirstjobattherestaurant,Ilearnedteamworkand____________(devote)．18/573．escapevi.&vt.逃脫；逃走；避開(kāi)；被遺忘escape(doing)sth.逃避(做)某事escapefrom從……逃脫；逃離fireescape安全通口；太平門(mén)narrowescape死里逃生；九死一生【名師指津】

escape表示“逃避”時(shí)，普通是及物動(dòng)詞，后常接抽象名詞或動(dòng)名詞；表示“從……逃走”時(shí)，后接地點(diǎn)名詞，普通要加from；后面接某人時(shí)，表示“被遺忘”。19/57beingkilledfrombeingpunished利用單句語(yǔ)法填空

(1)Itissaidthathenarrowlyescaped______________(kill)intheaccidenttheotherday. (2)Atlast,heescaped________histroubleanddepression. (3)Whoeverbreaksthelawwon'tescape_________________(punish)?20/574．rewardn．酬勞；資金；回報(bào)vt.酬勞；獎(jiǎng)賞；獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)inrewardfor為獎(jiǎng)賞……；為報(bào)答……asarewardfor作為對(duì)……獎(jiǎng)賞/回報(bào)rewardsb.forsth.因某事而獎(jiǎng)賞/酬報(bào)某人rewardsb.withsth.用某物回報(bào)某人rewardingadj.值得做；有益；有回報(bào)辨析reward和award

(1)reward指獎(jiǎng)金或一些非金錢(qián)類(lèi)酬勞，多指因?qū)Ψ焦ぷ?、服?wù)、幫助而給予酬勞或獎(jiǎng)賞；做動(dòng)詞時(shí)慣用搭配：rewardsb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)某人。21/57

(2)award指獎(jiǎng)品、獎(jiǎng)金，與prize使用方法相同。做動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為“授予，頒發(fā)”，慣用搭配：awardsb.sth.＝awardsth.tosb.向某人頒發(fā)某物。利用單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Shestartedsingingtothebabyand_________________(reward)withasmile.wasrewarded

(2)I'dliketodosomethinginreward________herkindness. (3)Whenaskedforhisviewsaboutteachingjob,Mikesaidhefounditinterestingand____________(reward)．forrewarding22/571．outofwork失業(yè)outofbreath上氣不接下氣outofcontrol失去控制outoforder次序顛倒；發(fā)生故障outofbalance失去平衡outofdate過(guò)時(shí)outofquestion毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)outofpatience不耐煩23/57outoforderoutofquestion【名師指津】以上詞組中名詞前都沒(méi)有冠詞。利用用outof相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空

(1)Themachinewent__________________becauseofimproperuse. (2)Itis__________________thatIwillwritetoyou. (3)Hehasbeen__________________fortwoyearsandhasnomoneytosupporthisfamilynow.

outofwork24/572．introuble在危險(xiǎn)、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等處境中g(shù)etintotrouble碰到麻煩；出事；陷入困境havetroubleindoingsth.做某事有困難havetroublewithsth.有……麻煩；有……疾病takethetroubletodosth.不怕困難盡力做某事【寫(xiě)作佳句】Pleasedon'thesitatetoturntousforhelpwheneveryouhavetroublewithyourstudy.不論什么時(shí)候在學(xué)習(xí)中碰到困難，請(qǐng)馬上找我們幫忙。25/57usingin利用單句語(yǔ)法填空

(1)Weoftenhavetroublein________(use)neutralpensbecauseofitslimitedinkandotherinconvenience. (2)Itisagoodfeelingtohelpsomeone________trouble.26/573．turnto求援于；致力于；轉(zhuǎn)向；變成；開(kāi)始行動(dòng)；著手工作turnaway不讓進(jìn)入；把臉轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)turndown調(diào)低(溫度、音量等)；拒絕turnup調(diào)高(溫度、音量等)；露面，出現(xiàn)turnoff關(guān)掉(開(kāi)關(guān)等)turnon打開(kāi)(開(kāi)關(guān)等)turnout(tobe)結(jié)果是turnover翻身；翻轉(zhuǎn)27/57【一詞多義】(1)However,whenitissomethingbeyondmycompetence,Iturntomyclassmatesorteachersforhelp.求援于(2)Afterheleftuniversity,hebecameateacher,butlaterturnedtojournalism.開(kāi)始從事(3)Youshouldn'talwaysturntothedictionarywhenyoumeetnewwordsinreading.查閱(4)PleaseturntoPage40.翻到28/57upawaydownoutto利用用適當(dāng)介詞或副詞填空

(1)Weinvitedhertodinnerbutshedidn'tevenbothertoturn________. (2)Howcanyouturn________fromasoldierwhowaswounded? (3)Idon'tunderstandwhytheyturn________mysuggestion. (4)Thoughitlookedlikerainthismorning,ithasturned________afineday. (5)Wecanturn________himforhelp.29/574．loseheart喪失勇氣或信心；氣餒；泄氣putone'sheartinto一心撲在……上learnsth.byheart背誦；記牢oone'sheart使……刻骨銘心heartandsoul全心全意地fromthebottomofone'sheart從某人心底【名師指津】loseheart中heart前不能加the或one's之類(lèi)限定詞。30/57from利用

單句語(yǔ)法填空

(1)Thoughbeatenbytheoppositeteam,theydidn't________(loss)heart. (2)Asamatteroffact,nothingistoodifficultifyouputyourheart________it. (3)Thankyou________thebottomofmyheartforyourgenerousdonations.loseinto31/57原句1Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.過(guò)去30年來(lái)所出現(xiàn)大量法律剝奪了我們權(quán)利，阻擋了我們進(jìn)步，一直到今天，我們還處于幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒(méi)有階段。 在該句中stage表示抽象地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where來(lái)引導(dǎo)，類(lèi)似名詞還有case,point,situation,occasion,position等。32/57利用完成句子，每空一詞(1)我們處于一個(gè)可能會(huì)損失大量金錢(qián)境地。Wearein________________________wemaylosealargesumofmoney.apositionwhere(2)他陷入一個(gè)難以分辨是非局面。Hegotinto________________________itwashardtodecidewhatwasrightandwrong.asituationwhere(3)事情已發(fā)展到雙方家長(zhǎng)必須被叫來(lái)程度。Theaccidenthasreachedto________________________bothoftheirparentsaretobecalledin.astagewhere33/57原句2...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……只有到這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。 該句為only引導(dǎo)倒裝句。only置于句首修飾做狀語(yǔ)副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子要倒裝。only置于句首修飾狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，主句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序，從句不用倒裝語(yǔ)序。34/57利用同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞(1)IrealizedknowledgeisvaluableonlywhenIhadanotherfailureinmyjob-seeking.didIrealizeItisthat

＝OnlywhenIhadanotherfailureinmyjob-seeking________________________knowledgeisvaluable. ＝________________onlywhenIhadanotherfailureinmyjob-seeking________Irealizedknowledgeisvaluable. (2)Thechildrencangrowupmentallyandphysicallyhealthyonlyinthisway.canthechildren

＝Onlyinthisway________________________growupmentallyandphysicallyhealthy.35/57原句3IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.第一次給旅行團(tuán)作講解時(shí)，我心情很不好。 句中thefirsttime是名詞短語(yǔ)，在此做隸屬連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“第一次……時(shí)”。 名詞短語(yǔ)或副詞用作隸屬連詞還有：themoment/theminute/theinstant/immediately/directly/instantly一……就……；eachtime/everytime每當(dāng)……時(shí)候。36/57利用完成句子，每空一詞(1)第一次看這本書(shū)時(shí)，我感動(dòng)得熱淚盈眶。________________________Ireadthebook,Iwasmovedtotears.ThefirsttimeImmediately

(2)電影一結(jié)束，他們就走出了電影院。 ___________thefilmwasover,theywentoutofthecinema. (3)每次在公園里看到這位老人時(shí)，他都在專(zhuān)注地看報(bào)。 _____________________Iseetheoldmaninthepark,heisabsorbedinreadingnewspapers.Every/Eachtime37/57

利用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，補(bǔ)充完整下面短文，并背誦下來(lái) Wehave1.________(reach)astage2.________wemusttakeeffective3.__________(measure)toprotecttheenvironmentfrom4.________(go)badto5.________(bad)．Now,anyonewhodoesharm6._____ourenvironmentwon'tescape7.________________(punish)．Andourjointefforts8.__________________(witness)quiteafewchangesinrecentyears.Theairquality,9.________isshowninthereport,hasimproved10.________(gradual)．reachedwheremeasuresgoingworsetobeingpunishedhavewitnessedasgradually38/57閱讀了解(一)閱讀了解八個(gè)常考點(diǎn)解讀之1、2：1．篇首尾、段首尾

文章主題句經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在首段，段落主題句經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在段首。另外，首段末句或第二段首句也是文章主題句常設(shè)處。文章尾段或段落結(jié)尾普通會(huì)是概括或總結(jié)性陳說(shuō)，經(jīng)常會(huì)得出某種結(jié)論或提出某項(xiàng)提議。所以，文章篇首、篇尾、段首和段尾處經(jīng)常被作為篇章閱讀設(shè)題主要題眼，而且大多是考查對(duì)文章或段落主旨了解?？忌枰绕渥⒁馐?，一段之尾，假如有“however,but”等表轉(zhuǎn)折詞語(yǔ)，后面往往是作者要強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容，即有可能是文章主題句。39/57【例】(年四川卷)InthedepthsoftheFrenchGuianeserainforest,therestillremainunusualgroupsofindigenous(土著)people.Surprisingly,thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms.Andyet,peopleinthisareaareinfactFrenchcitizensbecauseithasbeenacolony(殖民地)oftheFrenchRepublicsince1946.Intheory,theyshouldlivebytheFrenchlaw.However,theirremotelocationsmeanthattheFrenchlawisoftenignoredorunknown,thusmakingthemintoaninterestingareaof“l(fā)awlessness”intheworld.40/57

ThelivesofthesepeoplehavefinallybeenrecordedthankstotheeffortsofaFrenchmanfromPariscalledGin.Ginspentfivemonthsinearlyexploringthemostremotecornersofthisarea,whichsitsontheedgeoftheAmazonrainforest,withhalfitspopulationofonly250,000livinginitscapital,Cayenne.

“IhaveaspeciallovefortheFrenchGuianesepeople.Ihaveworkedthereonandoffforalmosttenyears，”saysGin.“I'vebeenabletokeepfirmfriendshipswiththem.ThusIhavebeenallowedtogainaccesstotheirlivingenvironment.Idon'tseeitasalawlessland.ButratherIseeitasanareaoffreedom.”41/57

“Iwantedtoshowtheaudienceaphotographicrecordtouchingupontheuncivilizedlife，”continuesGin.“Iprefertoworkinblackandwhite,whichallowsmetoshowdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly.”

Hisblack-and-whitepicturespresentaworldalmostlostintime.Thesepicturesshowpeopleseeminglypushedintoaworldthattheywereunpreparedfor.Theselocalcitizensnowhavetobalancetheirtraditionalself-supportinghuntinglifestylewiththelifestyleofferedbythemodernFrenchRepublic,whichbringswithitnotonlynecessarystatewelfare,butalsoalcoholism,betrayalandevensuicide.42/57

29．GinintroducedthespecialworldoftheindigenousGuianeseas________.A．a(chǎn)tourguideC．a(chǎn)filmdirector

B．a(chǎn)geographerD．a(chǎn)photographer解析：D推理判斷題。依據(jù)第四段第一句“Iwantedtoshowtheaudienceaphotographicrecordtouchingupontheuncivilizedlife(我想展示給觀眾一個(gè)攝影統(tǒng)計(jì)，讓他們觸摸到不文明生活)”和第五段第一句“Hisblack-and-whitepicturespresentaworldalmostlostintime.(他黑白照片展現(xiàn)了一個(gè)幾乎消失在時(shí)間里世界。)”可知他是一個(gè)攝影師，故選D。43/57

AnideathatstartedinSeattle'spubliclibraryhasspreadthroughoutAmericaandbeyond.Theconceptissimple:helptobuildasenseofcommunityinacitybygettingeveryonetoreadthesamebookatthesametime.Inadditiontoencouragingreadingasapursuit(追求)tobeenjoyedbyall,theprogramallowedstrangerstocommunicatebydiscussingthebookonthebus,aswellaspromotingreadingasanexperiencetobesharedinfamiliesandschools.TheideacamefromSeattlelibrarianNancyPearlwholaunchedthe“IfAllofSeattleReadtheSameBook”projectin1998.Heroriginalprogramused44/57authorvisits,studyguidesandbookdiscussiongroupstobringpeopletogetherwithabook,buttheideahassinceexpandedtomanyotherAmericancities,andeventoHongKong. InChicago,themayorappearedontelevisiontoannouncethechoiceofToKillaMockingbirdasthefirstbookinthe“OneBook,OneChicago”program.Asaresult,readingclubsandneighborhoodgroupsspranguparoundthecity.AcrosstheU．S.,storiesemergedofparentsandchildrenreadingtoeachotheratnightandstrangerschattingawayonthebusaboutplotsandcharacters.45/57

TheonlyproblemaroseinNewYork,wherelocalreaderscouldnotdecideononebooktorepresentthehugeanddiversepopulation.Thismayshowthattheideaworksbestinmedium-sizedcitiesorlargetowns,whereagreatersenseofunity(一致)canbeachieved.OritmayshowthatNewYorkersrathermissedthepoint,puttingalltheirenergyandpassionintothechoiceofthebookratherthandiscussionaboutabookitself. Ultimately,asNancypointedout,thelevelofsuccesswasnotmeasuredbyhowmanypeoplereadabook,butbyhowmanypeoplewereenrichedbytheprocess,orenjoyedspeakingtosomeonewithwhomtheywouldnototherwisehavesharedaword.46/571．WhatisthepurposeoftheprojectlaunchedbyNancy?A．Toinviteauthorstoguidereaders.B．Toencouragepeopletoreadandshare.C．Toinvolvepeopleincommunityservice.D．Topromotethefriendshipbetweencities.解析：B細(xì)節(jié)了解題。依據(jù)文章第二段第一句可知Nancy發(fā)起這個(gè)項(xiàng)目標(biāo)目標(biāo)是勉勵(lì)人們閱讀并進(jìn)行分享。故選B。47/572．轉(zhuǎn)折

作者經(jīng)常會(huì)借用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞或副詞來(lái)引出某項(xiàng)主要事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)折詞之后內(nèi)容往往表示是作者真實(shí)寫(xiě)作目標(biāo)、觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度，所以出題人經(jīng)常會(huì)圍繞轉(zhuǎn)折詞前后內(nèi)容來(lái)設(shè)題。常見(jiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系連詞或副詞有however,but,yet,nevertheless,whereas,while,though,although等。另外，indeed,infact也常慣用來(lái)表示前后語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)折。很顯然，轉(zhuǎn)折詞后句子，與文章寫(xiě)作意圖、目標(biāo)及主題關(guān)系極大。48/57【例】(年浙江卷)

Ascientistworkingatherlabbenchandasix-month-oldbabyplayingwithhisfoodmightseemtohavelittleincommon.Afterall，thescientistisengagedinseriousresearchtouncovertheverynatureofthephysicalworld，andthebabyis，well,justplaying...right？Perhaps，butsomedevelopmentalpsychologists(心理學(xué)家)havearguedthatthis“play”ismorelikeascientificinvestigationthanonemightthink.49/57

Takeacloserlookatthebabyplayingatthetable.Eachtimethebowlofriceispushedoverthetableedge,itfallstotheground—and,intheprocess,itbringsoutimportantevidenceabouthowphysicalobjectsinteract(相互作用);bowlsofricedonotfloatinmid-air,butrequiresupporttoremainstable.Itislikelythatbabiesarenotbornknowingthisbasicfactoftheuniverse;noraretheyeverclearlytaughtit.Instead,babiesmayformanunderstandingofobjectsupportthroughrepeatedexperimentsandthenbuildonthisknowledgetolearnevenmoreabouthowobjectsinteract.Thoughtheirrangesandtoolsdiffer,thebaby'sinvestigationandthescientist'sexperimentappeartosharethesameaim(tolearnaboutthenaturalworld),overallapproach(gatheringdirectevidencefromtheworld),andlogic(aremyobservationswhatIexpected？)．50/57

Somepsychologistssuggestthatyoungchildrenlearnaboutmorethanjustthephysicalworldinthisway—thattheyinvestigatehumanpsychologyandtherulesoflanguageusingsimilarmeans.Forexample,itmayonlybethroughrepeatedexperiments,evidencegathering,andfinallyoverturningatheory,thatababywillcometoaccepttheideathatotherpeoplecanhavedifferentviewsanddesiresfromwhatheorshehas,forexample,unlikethechild,Mommyactuallydoesn'tlikeDovechocolate.51/57

Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn,butitalsooffersaninspiringlookatscienceandscientists.Whydoyoungchildrenandscientistsseemtobesomuchalike?Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort—thedesiretoexplore,explain,andunderstandourworld—issimplysomethingthatcomesfromourbabyhood.Perhapsevolutionprovidedhumanbabieswithcuriosityandanaturaldrivetoexplaintheirworlds,andadultscientistssimplymakeuseofthesamedrivethatservedthemaschildren.Thesamecognitivesystemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfeelgoodaboutfiguringsomethingoutmayhavebeenadoptedbyadultscientists.Assomepsychologistsputit,“Itisnotthatchildrenarelittlescientistsbutthatscientistsarebigchildren.”52/57

50．Accordingtosomedevelopmentalpsychologists,________. A．a(chǎn)baby'splayisnothingmorethanagame B．scientificresearchintobabies'gamesispossible C．thenatureofbabies'playhasbeenthoroughlyinvestigated D．a(chǎn)baby'splayissomehowsimilartoascientist'sexperiment解析：D細(xì)節(jié)了解題。依據(jù)文章第一段最終一句“butsomedevelopmentalpsychologistshavearguedthatthis‘play’ismorelikeascientificinvestigationthanonemightthink”可知，心理學(xué)家以為孩子玩耍和科學(xué)家研究有些相同，故選D。53/57

Blindimitationisself-destruction.Tothosewhodonotrecognizetheiruniqueworth,imitationappearsattractive;tothosewhoknowtheirstrength,imitationisunacceptable.

Intheearlysta