高考英語培優(yōu)增分一輪人教經(jīng)典版特訓(xùn)必修334Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestarsa

Ⅰ.閱讀理解ANASA'sNewHorizonsprobe(宇宙探測器)flewbyPluto(冥王星)thismorning,sendingbackhistory'sfirstup－closelooksatthevastfreezing－coldworld.Closestapproachcameat7：49amEDT.Tocelebrate,NASAgaveoutthelatestphotoofPluto.Itshowedareddishworldwithanamazingheart－shapedfeatureonitssurface.Aftertoday'scloseencounter,alltheninesolarsystem'straditionallyrecognizedplanetshavenowbeenvisitedbyaspaceship—ahugeprojectbegunin1962whenNASA'sMariner2probeflewpastVenus,aplanetinthesolarsystem.Morethan1,200scientists,NASAguestsandimportantpersons,including200reporters,watchedtheflybyliveatNewHorizons'missioncontrolcenter.Thatcloseencounterhasbeenalongtimeing.The$723millionNewHorizonsmissionlaunchedinJanuary2006butbegantakingshapein1989.“NewHorizonsis‘a(chǎn)capstonemission’，”GlenFountain,missionprojectmanagertoldSpace..“Itisthefirstpletionoftheobservationsofoursolarsystem.Itisgivingusanewideaabouthowwehumanbeingsfitintotheuniverse.”“NewHorizonsfacedacrazynumberofchallenges，”Stern,adrivingforcebehindNewHorizonssaid,“Somanypeoplestuckwiththisforsolong.Theygotknockeddown;theystoodup.Theygotknockeddownagain;theystoodupagain.”Inacoincidence,today'scloseapproachfallsonthe50thanniversaryofthefirstflybyofMars,anotherplanet,whichwaspletedbyNASA'sMariner4spaceship.Therearenolongernineofficiallyrecognizedplanets,ofcourse.TheInternationalAstronomicalUnionregardedPlutoas“adwarfplanet”in2006,inadecisionthatremainscontroversial(有爭議的)today.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道類文章，主要講述了科學(xué)家對(duì)太陽系行星冥王星的最新探測成果。1．WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．IdeasstillvaryintheidentityofPluto.B．Onlyscientistscouldwatchtheflybylive.C．Marsisthefirstplanetvisitedbyaspaceship.D．NewHorizonsmissionaimedtoobservethesolarsystem.答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，科學(xué)家對(duì)冥王星的分類還是有爭議的。故答案是A。2．GlenFountainmayprobablyagreethat________.A．itisthemostdifficulttolandonPlutointhesolarsystemB．NewHorizonsmissionisalongandtroublesomeprojectC．theirstrongdeterminationleadstothesuccessfulflybyD．peoplearelikelytofindnewwaystofitintospace答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，格倫·方丹認(rèn)為人們或許會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)新的方法去探究太空。故答案是D。3．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．ANewHorizonsProbeB．NASA'sHugeProjectC．Pluto,aControversialPlanetD．ACloseApproachtoPluto答案：D標(biāo)題判斷題。文章主要講述了對(duì)太陽系行星冥王星的探測。故答案選D。BGotbigplansforFridaynight?That'sOK,wedon'teither.Guesswe'llallhavetomakedobywatchingthecelestial(天空的)showthatwilltakeplacethatnight.First,therewillbeafullmoon.That'salwaysfun,butthisonewillbealittlemorespecial.It'sknownasa“snowmoon”.ThenameesfromthefactthattheheaviestsnowsusuallyfallduringFebruary,accordingtoTheOldFarmer'sAlmanac.Butifthat'snotspecialenough,there'salsoaneclipse(月食)thatnight.It'llbeapenumbrallunareclipse,meaningit'sapartialeclipsethatleavessectionsofthemoondarkenedbytheearth'sshadow.No,itwon'tbeasspectacularasthose“bloodmoon”eclipses.It'llbesubtler.Thelevelofdarknessitreachesduringtheeclipsemayormaynotbeapparent;itjustdependsonwhereyouarewhenyouviewit.InNorthAmerica,theeclipsebeginsat5：34pmETandendsat9：53pmET,accordingtotheastronomywebsiteEarthSky.Theeclipsewillbeatitsheightaround7：44pmET.Ifthat'sstillnotenough,let'sthrowinaet(彗星)tothenight'sfestivities.et45P(ithasamuchlongername,butwewon'tburdenyouwithithere)isvisibleasitfliesbytheearth.Theetwillgetwithin7.4millionmilesoftheplanetasitmakesitsclosestapproachthisweekend,accordingtoUniverseToday.et45Pwillbemostvisibleacoupleofhoursaftertheeclipse,solooktotheskiesagainaround3amETSaturdayandfindthegreenish-bluelightwithatail.Anddon'tforget,atotalbig-timesolareclipsewillstreakacrosstheUnitedStatesonAugust21st.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文，介紹了星期五晚上將會(huì)發(fā)生的天文現(xiàn)象。4．Accordingtothetext,whatcanbeviewedonFridaynight?A．Abloodmoon. B．Atotalsolareclipse.C．Apartiallunareclipse. D．Aetwithoutatail.答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句可知，星期五晚上將會(huì)出現(xiàn)月偏食，故選C項(xiàng)。5．Ifyouwanttoseeet45P,youwillneedto________.A．waitaround7：44pmETB．stayupuntil9：53pmETC．wakeupbefore3：00amETD．startwatchingat5：34pmET答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“solooktotheskiesagainaround3amETSaturday”可知，要想看到45P彗星，你需要在凌晨三點(diǎn)之前起床。6．Theauthorwritesthetextwiththepurposeof________.A．introducingbasicastronomytothemediaB．sharingnewdiscoverieswithastronomyresearchersC．promotingastronomicaleventsamongsciencestudentsD．informingaveragereadersofrecentcelestialphenomena答案：D推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了星期五晚上將會(huì)發(fā)生的幾個(gè)天文現(xiàn)象，因此作者的寫作目的是介紹這些現(xiàn)象給讀者。7．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．et45PwillbevisibleasitapproachestheearthB．ThepenumbrallunareclipsewillhappenonFridaynightC．SuggestionsoffunscientificexhibitionsfortheingweekendD．Theeclipse,fullmoonandetteamuptoputonashowonFridaynight答案：D標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了幾個(gè)天文現(xiàn)象并給出了每個(gè)天文現(xiàn)象的觀看時(shí)間，因此選D項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。MasterYourDeadlinesThestrugglebeginsinhighschool,sometimesearlier.Deadlines,andlotsofthem,starttopileup.Atcollege,thepressuresometimesleadstolast-minuterushandunsatisfactorywork.Atwork,failingtomeetdeadlinescaneasilygetyoufired.__1__Hereareafewbestpractices.●Assigndeadlinestowhatmatters.Ifthetaskisn'tofhighimportance,don'tsetaspecificdeadline.Inthisway,youareabletokeepitonyourradarforawhilewithoutfeelingpressured.__2__Thiswillprovidejustenoughpressuretoensureyougetitdone.●__3__Setapersonaldeadlineforyourselfadayortwobeforetheactualdeadline.__4__Ifyou'reworkingwithagroupofpeople,addinevenmoretimetoaccountforpotentialfollow-upsandtheneedforapprovals.●Keepmunicating.__5__Thismeanslettingothersknowwhensomethingistakinglongerthanexpected,whenadeliverydidn'tein,whenaclientisnotprovidingthenecessaryinformation,etc.Althoughitmayfeelembarrassingtoadmitthatsomethingisnotonschedule,beinghonestismuchbetterforrelievingyourstress.A．Planforflexiblehours.B．Finishyourprojectasearlyaspossible.C．Butifanactivityisurgent,setadeadlineimmediately.D．Inthisway,you'llneverhavetostayuplateandfeelstressed.E．Buthandledproperly,deadlinescanactuallyimproveproductivity.F．Wheneveryoufeelchallengedtofinishworkontime,municate.G．Soifanythingtakeslongerthanexpected,youcanstillwrapitupandsubmititontime.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了三個(gè)按時(shí)完成任務(wù)的方法。1．E設(shè)空處前幾句敘述了不能按最后期限完成任務(wù)會(huì)造成的不良后果。E項(xiàng)“但是處理得當(dāng)?shù)脑挘詈笃谙迣?shí)際上能提高生產(chǎn)效率”與前面形成對(duì)比，用來引入本文的話題，起承上啟下的作用。故選E。2．C設(shè)空前一句表述次要工作不必設(shè)定最后期限，空格下一句是說這樣做的話你就會(huì)有足夠的壓力來確保完成工作。由此可知，空格處介紹的是如何安排重要的、緊急的事務(wù)。C項(xiàng)“但如果這件事很緊急，就立刻設(shè)置最后期限”符合語境。故選C。3．A根據(jù)空格所在的位置可知，空處為該段的標(biāo)題。該段主要論述如何靈活地安排時(shí)間。A項(xiàng)“靈活安排工作時(shí)間”概括了該段主旨，適合作標(biāo)題。故選A。4．G根據(jù)空格上句“Setapersonaldeadlineforyourselfadayortwobeforetheactualdeadline.”可知，要把自己的最后期限設(shè)在實(shí)際最后期限的前一兩天。由此可以判斷，G項(xiàng)“所以如果實(shí)際花費(fèi)時(shí)間超出預(yù)期時(shí)間，你仍然可以按時(shí)完成并遞交工作”與上一句之間為因果關(guān)系，符合語境。故選G。5．FF項(xiàng)中的“municate”與該段標(biāo)題“Keepmunicating.”相對(duì)應(yīng)，符合該段主題，當(dāng)你無法按時(shí)完成任務(wù)時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)和別人溝通交流。故選F。Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ResearchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganhavefoundthatastronauts'brainschangeshapeduringspaceflight.Itisthefirststudy__1__(look)intohowthebrainchangesinspace.Researcherslookedathigh-techMRI(磁共振成像)picturesofthebrainsof26astronautswhospenttimeinspace.Twelveofthe__2__(astronaut)spenttwoweeksontheSpaceShuttle,and14spentsixmonthsontheInternationalSpaceStation.Allofthem__3__(experience)increasesanddecreasesinthesizeof__4__(differ)partsofthebrain.Thelongeranastronautspentinspace,the__Theresearchproducedsome__6__(interest)findings.Onewasthatnogravitymeansfluidsdonotdropinthebody,__7__thereisashiftinthebrain'spositioninsidetheskull.Thebrainbeeseithersmallerorbigger.Thefindingscouldhelpdoctorstotreatproblemsthataffectthebrain'sfunction.Theycouldtreatpeoplewithproblems__8__(cause)bylong-termbedrest.Theycouldalsohelpthosewhohaveabuild-upoffluidinthebrain,whichcanlead__9__braindamage.Wewillunderstandmoreabout__10__neurons(神經(jīng)元)inthebrainconnect.ThefindingswillalsohelpfuturetripstoMars.1．________2.________3.________4.________5．________6.________7.________8.________9．________10.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。密歇根大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在太空飛行過程中，宇航員的大腦會(huì)改變形狀。1．tolook考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，tolookintohowthebrainchangesinspace是定語，修飾thefirststudy。當(dāng)名詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，后面常接動(dòng)詞不定式作定語。2．a(chǎn)stronauts考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。astronaut是可數(shù)名詞。且根據(jù)“twelveof...”可知，宇航員不止一個(gè)，故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3．experienced考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由上文可知，該句描述過去的事情，故該句應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。4．different考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處用形容詞修飾名詞parts。5．bigger考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。句意：宇航員在太空度過的時(shí)間越長，差別就越大?！皌he＋比較級(jí)……，the＋比較級(jí)……”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“越……，越……”。故該空應(yīng)填big的比較級(jí)bigger。6．interesting考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。interesting是形容詞，意為“有趣的，有意思的”，修飾名詞findings。7．so考查連詞。句意：一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)是，沒有重力意味著液體不會(huì)落到體內(nèi)，所以，顱骨內(nèi)大腦的位置有所變化。前后兩句之間是因果關(guān)系，故該空應(yīng)填連詞so。8．caused考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：他們可以治療一些人因?yàn)殚L期臥床而引發(fā)的問題。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，causedbylong-termbedrest是定語，修飾pro