英語教案-閱讀基本技能的訓(xùn)練

閱讀基本技能的訓(xùn)練(A)

句子的合理運(yùn)用

達(dá)高中一顏波

1.掃讀問題句子的關(guān)鍵詞，帶著問題閱讀文章。

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

2.掃讀文章句子的關(guān)鍵詞一(-時間，地點(diǎn)，人物，事件)。

目的，改變逐詞閱讀的習(xí)慣，學(xué)習(xí)快速把握句子主旨大意的方法。掃讀的基本

技能簡單，就是快速識別并讀懂句中的關(guān)鍵詞，也就是在閱讀的時候?qū)⒆⒁饬Ψ?/p>

在每個句子的關(guān)鍵詞上，而忽略那些非關(guān)鍵詞。

以下是一個句子的三個關(guān)鍵詞;Language,give,view你能夠想象是一個怎樣的

句子？

原句是;Thisnewlanguagecangiveyouanewviewoflife.

關(guān)鍵詞;Ann,finished,homework,yesterday.

原句;Annfinishedherhomeworkwiththehelpofherbrotheryesterday.

3.查詢段落的主題句一一段首或段末。

段落的主題句，他可以告訴我們段落的大概，讓我們迅速地了解段落的大意，

而其余句子則是關(guān)于一些細(xì)節(jié)的描寫。主題句通常出現(xiàn)在段落的第一句或最后一

句，偶爾在中間或需要總結(jié)概括。

Bycomparingyourselftootherpeople,youwillfindyourproblemsarenotso

terrible.ThinkaboutStephenHawking,whodiedon15thMarch,in2018.forexample,a

verycleverscientist,whoregardshismanyphysicalproblemsasunimportant.Hecan

notwalkorevenspeak,buthehasbecomeveryfamousandsuccessful.Weare

probablyquitehealthyandsmart,let'snotworryaboutourproblems.Let'sfacethe

challengesinstead.(九年級P9)

4.探尋文章的主題句一一文章開頭或結(jié)尾。

文章的主題句是文章要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)和看法，及文章的中心思想，它一般出現(xiàn)在

文章的第一段或最后一段。一般采取的是總-…分…總或歸納法。

5.查讀-----跳讀

是指通過跳躍式的閱讀迅速判斷出與文章主題相關(guān)信息及特定細(xì)節(jié)和具體事

實(shí)所在部分的能力。

目的；訓(xùn)練學(xué)生學(xué)會閱讀文章的大小標(biāo)題，劃線部分，斜體或黑體字，并判斷

出文章的組織機(jī)構(gòu)，不同的體裁，知道哪一類信息可能在哪部分或段落中。大標(biāo)

題能夠說明文章的體裁或濃縮文章的主旨。小標(biāo)題能夠給與我們某一問題所查的

范圍。劃線部分，斜體或黑體字等說明特別強(qiáng)調(diào)。記敘類則需要特別關(guān)注5個W

(what,when,who,which,where)和一個H(how).說明建議類，通常需要關(guān)注措

施與方法有關(guān)的詞匯等(first,second,then,atlast,——).

6.猜測詞義.

是指在閱讀過程中根據(jù)對語篇的信息，邏輯，背景知識及語言結(jié)構(gòu)等的綜合理解

或推斷某一生詞或關(guān)鍵詞的含義，該詞一般是超綱詞匯或一詞多義的單詞在文

章中的理解.

A.利用定義猜測.請看以下一段文字，完成下面問題.

penguinsliveonlandforabouthalftheirlives.Penguinscomeonlandfortwo

reasons:toraisefamiliesandtomolt.Moltingiswhenpenguinsgiveupoldfeathers

andgrownewones.AllofAntarcticiscoveredinoldpenguinfeathers.Penguinscan

notswiminthecoldseawithoutafullsetofwaterprooffeatherstokeepthemwarm.

Ittakesthemtwotofourweekstogrowanewcoatoffeathers.

()Whatdoestheword"molt"mean?

A.Birdsoranimalshavebabies.B.Birdsoranimalsmovethroughtheice.

C.Birdsoranimalslookforfood.D.Birdsoranimalslosehairoroldfeathers.

B.利用同義詞或反義詞猜測.請看一下一段文字，完成下面問題.

Pakistanhas121,000milesofroads.Busservicesandminibusesareavailableto

thepublic.Thetrainisstillthemostcommontransportoflong-distancetravelfor

Pakistanis.Pakistanalsohasanairlinethatoperatesdomesticandinternational

flights.

()TheChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedword"domestic-inParagraph2may

be“”A.家庭的B.國際的C.馴養(yǎng)的D.國內(nèi)的

C.利用文章的舉例猜測.常用forexample,forinstance,suchas等.

Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,

washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.

()Whatdoestheunderlinedword"appliances"meaninChinese?

A.家具B.電器用具C.洗浴用品D.化妝品

D.禾煙文章中的說明詞義的同位語或定語猜測.

Toimprovepeople'slives,DaZhouisplantingmoreandmoretrees,thecityiseven

creatinggreenerbuildingsthatuselesswaterandlesselectricityforpower.

()Whatdoestheunderlinedword"greener"mean?A.Taller.B.Easier.C.More

brightlycolored.D.Betterfortheenvironment.

E.利用上下文邏輯關(guān)系猜測.請看一下一段文字，完成下面問題.

Forexample,imagineyouareacookandmustservedinnerto100guests.How

shouldyoudivideyourresourcessothatyoucangetthejobdonemostefficiently?

insituationslikethis,theabilitytothinklogicallywillgetyoutoareasonableanswer

andsolveyourproblem.

()Whatdoestheunderlinedword"resources"meaninthepassage?

A.科目B.資源C.效辜F.信息一

閱讀基本技能的訓(xùn)練(B)

詞的正確辨析

1.問題句子的關(guān)鍵詞。

articlepassageparagraphphrasesentenceword

underlinedaccordingfollowingmentionmainlymainmeanmeaning

statementtitleopiniontruewrongrightfalse.

2.合成詞

downstairsupstairschatlineonlinerestroomsupermarketsunglassesunderwater

undergroundboyfriendsgirlfriendsbedroomclassroomliving-roomwashroom

3.派生詞的正確含義及詞性判斷

possible-possibly,simple-simply,gentle一gently,

different一difference-differently,confident_confidence,difficult一difficulty,

taste-tasty,tour-tourist-touristy,day-daily,die-dead-death-dying,

secret-secretary,safe-safety,easy-easily,angry-angrily,heavy-heavily,

free-freedom,true-truth,sleep一sleepy-asleep,wake-awake,wood-wooden,

wool-woolen,quick-quickly,real-really,usual-usually,

4.一詞多義

rightlightstudyorderleftwronglaterlatestheavy

5.加ed構(gòu)成的形容詞

crowdedpollutedorganizedembarrassedworriedsurprisedrelaxedfrustrated

interestedexcited

6.容易混淆詞

planplantplaneplanet,whetherweather,formfrom,noisenose,thoughtthough

through,rightlightflightfight,sightsign,monthmouth,funfan,expectexcept,

moonnoon,seenseem,snakesnack,fellfeeLexplaincomplain,skillkill,

passagepassengermessage,boughtbrought,litterlittle,nativenature,chance

change,solutionresolution,cinemacamera,tillstilLinstructioninstrument,

feedfeet,wholeholehold,weakweekwake,heatheartheard,worseworst,team

term,bellbelt,commentcommon，foxfax,

7.特殊動詞的過去時或過去分詞正確判斷

wrotewonworewornwrittenthrewthrownflewgrewknewgrownknownkept

heldheardthoughttoldtaughtswamsweptstoodtookspentsleptsatsangsoldsaw

ranrodepaidmetmeantlostledwentgonegaveforgotfoundfoughtfeltfedfellate

drovedrankdrewdonegonecamecaughtboughtbroughtbrokebeenseenmetpaid

riddenwrittentakenspokensungsaidrungmadehadgottenfalleneatendrivendrunk

broken

8.前綴關(guān)系猜測詞義詞性。

dis----dislike,dishonest,disagreement,disbelieve-----disobey,

un----unlike,unfriendly,unpleasant,unable,unfair,unfamiliar,unhappy,

unimportant—

ir-irregular

9.后綴關(guān)系猜測詞義詞性。

A.表示人的名詞

——or,translate-translator,visit-visitor,collector,inventor,calculator,creator,

——er,write-writer,sing-singer,teach-teacher,cleaner,worker,dreamer,owner,waiter

reporter,learner—

——ist,art—artist,tour—tourist,psychology—psychologist,science—scientist,violinist,

B.表示事物的名詞'

——tion,act—action,organize-organization,donate—donation,educate—education,

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