2024年中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題九 動詞的時態(tài)

中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題一名詞目錄01.考點(diǎn)分析02.模擬考題01考點(diǎn)分析考點(diǎn)1

動詞時態(tài)的類型

初中階段常考的動詞時態(tài)有：分類含義構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)主語+動詞原形/動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)主語+動詞的過去式一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作或?qū)淼臓顟B(tài)主語+will/shall+動詞原形或主語+am/is/are

going

to+動詞原形分類含義構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示此刻正在發(fā)生的動作或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作或持續(xù)的狀態(tài)主語+am/is/are+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作主語+was/were+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞續(xù)表考點(diǎn)2

動詞時態(tài)的用法一般現(xiàn)在時1.一般現(xiàn)在時的基本用法①表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)②表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理③表示特征、能力或現(xiàn)實(shí)的情況或狀態(tài)●Kate

goes

to

school

by

bus

every

day.●The

earth

goes

around

the

sun.●Pandas

are

black

and

white.

They

feed

on

bamboo.［2022海南中考］2.常與一般現(xiàn)在時連用的時間狀語①表示時間:

on

Sundays,

at

weekends,

on

weekdays等②表示頻度:

often,

sometimes,

usually,

always,

seldom,

never,

every

day/week/month/year,

once

a

week等3.一般現(xiàn)在時的特殊用法（1）在含時間、條件等狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句若用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。如：●If

it

rains

tomorrow,

we

won't

have

a

picnic.●I

will

tell

her

when

she

comes

tomorrow.（2）表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或時間表將要發(fā)生的動作或事件，或者事先安排好的動作。★常見的有此用法的動詞（短語）有:go（去）come

（來）leave（離開）end（結(jié)束）open（營業(yè)）close（關(guān)閉）stop（停止）return（返回）start/begin（開始）fall（到來）arrive（到達(dá)）take

off（起飛）●The

meeting

begins

at

2:00

in

the

afternoon

and

ends

at

5:00.●The

plane

takes

off

at

eight

and

arrives

in

Beijing

at

eleven.（3）在某些以There,

Here

開頭的句子中，可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示正在發(fā)生的動作。如：Here

comes

the

bus!一般過去時1.一般過去時的用法①表示過去某一時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)②表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作③在含since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時,從句用一般過去時●Lingling

and

I

went

to

Lao

She

Teahouse

last

night.［2023天津中考］●Did

you

always

want

to

be

an

actor?●It

has

been

3

months

since

I

came

to

China.2.常與一般過去時連用的時間狀語①表示時間：yesterday,

last

night,

two

days

ago,

in

2008,

in

the

past,

in

the

old

days,

just

now等②表示頻度：always,

usually,

often,

sometimes等一般將來時1.一般將來時的用法（1）表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：●When

shall

we

meet?●I

will

take

the

PE

test

tomorrow.

［2023遼陽中考］（2）表示計(jì)劃、打算做某事，或表示有跡象表明最近或?qū)硪l(fā)生某事。如：It's

going

to

be

a

fine

day

tomorrow.（3）表示某種必然的趨勢。如：All

living

things

will

die

without

air.（4）"be

to+動詞原形"結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示預(yù)先安排好的計(jì)劃或約定，也可表示說話人的意志、意圖、職責(zé)、義務(wù)、命令等。如：●They

are

to

pay

a

visit

to

the

teacher

together

at

10

a.m.

tomorrow.●You

are

to

hand

in

your

papers

before

the

end

of

July.（5）"be

about

to+動詞原形"結(jié)構(gòu)表示即將發(fā)生的動作，意為"正要，即將"，一般不與具體的時間狀語連用。如：The

meeting

is

about

to

begin.2.常與一般將來時連用的時間狀語tomorrow,

next

week/month/year,

soon,

in

the

future,

in

a

few

days等。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的基本用法①表示此時此刻正在進(jìn)行的動作②表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作或持續(xù)的狀態(tài)（此時未必正在進(jìn)行）●The

workers

are

cleaning

the

community

center

now.［2022北京中考］●We

are

preparing

for

a

meeting

these

days.2.常與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時連用的時間狀語right

now,

these

days,

at

this

moment,

now等。3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的特殊用法表示位移的動詞，可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將要發(fā)生的動作。★常見的有此用法的動詞（短語）有:go（去）come

（來）leave（離開）arrive（到達(dá)）reach（到達(dá)）move（移動）go

away（走開）get

off（離開）set

out/off（出發(fā)）●He

is

leaving

Shanghai

in

a

few

days.●John

is

coming

here

next

Friday.過去進(jìn)行時1.過去進(jìn)行時的用法表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作。如：I

was

watching

TV

at

that

time.2.常與過去進(jìn)行時連用的時間狀語at

this

time

yesterday,

at

that

moment,

at

9:00

last

night,

at

that

time,

then等。3.在含有when或while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，過去進(jìn)行時的用法（1）表示過去某一時刻一個動作發(fā)生時，另一個動作正在進(jìn)行。●When

the

rainstorm

came

yesterday,

we

were

cleaning

up

the

city

park.●My

sister

came

back

while

I

was

doing

my

homework.（2）表示過去某一時刻兩個動作在同時進(jìn)行。My

mother

was

cooking

while

my

brother

was

watching

TV.現(xiàn)在完成時1.現(xiàn)在完成時的用法（1）表示過去發(fā)生的并已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。He

has

visited

Beijing

many

times.（2）表示某一動作或狀態(tài)從過去某時間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能持續(xù)下去，可以和表示延續(xù)的時間狀語連用，表示持續(xù)動作或狀態(tài)的動詞多是延續(xù)性動詞。●I

have

studied

English

for

two

years.●They

have

lived

here

since

1996.●How

long

have

you

worked

in

this

library?●Since

he

was

a

little

boy,

he

has

been

in

love

with

music.［2022十堰中考］★常見的非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動詞：非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞（短語）leavebe

away

fromborrowkeepgobe

therediebe

deadmarrybe

marriedcatch

a

coldhave

a

cold非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞（短語）buyhavebegin/startbe

onjoinbe

infinishbe

overfall

asleepbe

asleepcome

backbe

back續(xù)表歸納拓展非延續(xù)性動詞在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中可用現(xiàn)在完成時表示持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)。如：I

haven't

bought

anything

for

two

months.2.常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語already,

yet,

never,

just,

ever,

so

far,

before,

since+時間點(diǎn)或從句,

for+一段時間,

in/during

the

past

three

years,

recently等。易混辨析1.一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時

一般過去時強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在的情況沒有聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，與現(xiàn)在的情況有聯(lián)系試比較：●I

saw

the

film

last

week.我上周看了這部電影。（只說明上周看了電影）●I

have

seen

the

film.我看過這部電影。（說明已了解其內(nèi)容）2.一般過去時與過去進(jìn)行時一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作，側(cè)重于事實(shí)，且動作已完成過去進(jìn)行時表示動作在過去某個時刻或某段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性試比較：●They

planted

trees

last

Sunday.他們上周日植樹了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)植樹這一動作已結(jié)束）●They

were

planting

trees

last

Sunday.他們上周日在植樹。（強(qiáng)調(diào)植樹這一動作的持續(xù)性）02模擬考題語境小測Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇1.[2023北京中考]

—Lucy,

what

are

you

doing?—I

___

a

model

ship.CA.make

B.made

C.am

making

D.was

making2.[2023常州中考]

We

___

on

the

countryside

road

when

a

sudden

storm

hit,

so

we

made

our

way

back.BA.jogged

B.were

jogging

C.have

jogged

D.will

jog3.[2023大連中考]

The

Danube

is

a

river

in

Europe.

It

___

through

Vienna.CA.will

go

B.went

C.goes

D.has

gone4.[2023唐山模擬]

—What's

your

plan

for

the

coming

summer

vacation?—I

___

some

volunteer

work

in

the

Animal

Care

Center.AA.will

do

B.was

doing

C.did

D.have

done5.[2023石家莊新華區(qū)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測]

—Sara!

Can

you

give

me

a

hand?—Sorry,

I

___

on

the

phone.CA.talk

B.talked

C.am

talking

D.was

talking6.[2023保定模擬]

—Mum,

can

I

watch

TV?

I

___

my

homework.—OK.

But

just

for

a

while.CA.finish

B.will

finish

C.have

finished

D.am

finishing7.［原創(chuàng)新題］—I

saw

your

uncle

just

now.

Surprisingly,

he's

in

good

health

now.—Yeah,

he

___

a

lot,

but

he

has

given

it

up.BA.smokes

B.smoked

C.will

smoke

D.is

smoking8.［原創(chuàng)新題］He

didn't

come

to

my

party,

because

he

___

for

the

race.AA.was

training

B.trains

C.is

training

D.has

trainedⅡ.用括號中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.[2023廣西中考改編]

Yesterday

I

_______

（play）

basketball

with

my

classmates.

We

had

a

good

time.played2.[2023十堰中考]

Mr.

Smith

____________

（work）

at

the

Natural

History

Museum

for

more

than

10

years,

so

he

knows

a

lot

about

insects.has

worked3.[2023保定蓮池區(qū)模擬]

—Did

you

hear

someone

knock

at

the

door?—No,

sir.

I

_____________

（listen）

to

music.was

listening4.Look!

The

children

_____________

（learn）

a

dragon

dance

with

my

grandpa

in

the

playground.are

learning5.After

this

exam,

you

__________

（have）

a

wonderful

holiday

next

month.

Take

it

easy!will

have6.We'll

have

the

party

in

the

garden

if

the

weather

___

（be）

good.

If

not,

it'll

have

to

be

inside.is語篇提升

閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整。每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。love

want

ask

interview

become

work

From

a

young

age,

Bex

Lindsay

was

very

interested

in

radio.

At

that

time

Lindsay

1.________

very

much

to

work

at

Fun

Kids,

a

radio

station

for

young

listeners,

so

she

sent

them

a

strange

recording,

hoping

to

be

accepted.wanted

"In

the

old

host-to-be

performance,

the

f