2021年高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí)必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars-B卷

必修3Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars（B卷）滾動(dòng)提升檢測(cè)(全卷共四大題，滿分100分。請(qǐng)?jiān)?0分鐘內(nèi)完成)班級(jí)____________學(xué)號(hào)____________姓名____________得分____________一、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分)AAccordingtothereport,ourcountrylaunchedtheworld’slargestnumberofman-madesatellitesin2019.Actually,launchingsofsatellitecostmuch.Then,youmighthaveaquestioninyourhead—aresatellitesreallythatimportant?Yeah!Satellitesareanimportantpartofourordinarylives!Forexample,theinformationforweatherforecastsissentbysatellite.SomesatelliteshavecameraswhichtakephotographsoftheEarthtoshowhowcloudsaremoving.Satellitesarealsousedtoconnectourinternationalphonecalls.ComputerconnectionsoftheWorldWideWebandInternetalsousesatellites.ManyofourTVprogramscometousthroughsatellites.Airplanepilotsalsosometimesuseasatellitetohelpthemfindtheirexactlocation.Weusesatellitestosendtelevisionpicturesfromonepartoftheworldtoanother.Theyareusually35,880kilometersabovetheequator.Sometimeswecanseeasatelliteintheskyanditseemstostayinthesameplace.Thisisbecauseitismovingaroundtheworldat11,000kilometersanhour—exactlythesamespeedthattheearthrotates.AsatellitemustorbittheEarthwithitsantennae(天線)facingtheearth.Sometimes,itmovesawayfromitsorbit.Sotherearelittlerocketsonitwhichareusedtoputthesatellitebackintherightposition.Thisusuallyhappensabouteveryfiveorsixdays.Spaceisnotempty!Everyweek,moreandmoresatellitesaresentintospacetoorbittheEarth.Asatelliteusuallyworksforabout10～12years.SatelliteswhicharebrokenaresometimesrepairedbyastronautsorsometimesbroughtbacktoEarthtoberepaired.Often,veryoldorbrokensatellitesareleftinspacetoorbittheEarthforaverylongtime.Thisisveryseriousbecausesomesatellitesusenuclearpowerandtheycancrashintoeachother.1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTdonebysatellitesaccordingtothepassage?A.Sendinginformationforweatherforecast.B.TakingphotographsoftheEarth.C.SendingTVpictures.D.Providingfoodforairplanepilots.2.What’sthespeedtheearthrotatesat?A.35,880kilometersperhour.B.335,880kilometersperhour.C.11,000kilometersperhour.D.110,000kilometersperhour.3.WhydoesthesatellitemovearoundtheworldatthesamespeedastheEarthrotates?A.Inordertotakephotographs.B.Inordertostayinacertainpositionintheorbit.C.Inordertosendtelevisionpictures.D.Inordertomoveawayfromitsorbit.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inthe3rdparagraphreferto?A.Asatellite.B.Alittlerocket.C.Asatelliteseemstostayinthesameplaceinthesky.D.Thesatelliteputstherocketsintherightposition.5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat___________.A.satellitesplayasignificantroleinourlivesB.withoutsatellites,peoplecannotliveanymoreC.theoldestsatelliteshaveworkedfornearlyacenturyD.satellitesmaybeforbiddeninthefuture[助讀詞匯]launchvt.發(fā)射weatherforecast天氣預(yù)報(bào) locationn.位置orbitn.軌道 nuclearpower核能rotatev.旋轉(zhuǎn) crashinto撞到......BTerraforming(Earth-forming)otherplanets,alsoknownasplanetaryengineering,seemslikeataskstillcenturiesawayformankindtoaccomplish.However,itisavigorous(激烈的)topicthatattractsbothpopularandscientificinterest.Whyshouldthepossibilityofterraformingotherplanetsbestudiedwhenitmaybecenturiesbeforeweknowenoughtoevendecideifit’sagoodidea?Mankindisgettingmoreandmorehardfactsaboutotherplanets.TheatmosphereofVenushasbeenexplored;robotshavesurveyedthesurfaceofMars;Mercury,JupiterandSaturnhavebeenstudiedbyspacecraft.Speculationshavebeenanswered;newquestionshavebeenraised,andenoughharddataisrightnowbecomingavailabletoallowustomakethefirstattemptofplanetaryengineering.Inthepast,peoplewithexcellentideasaboutterraforminghavekeptthemtothemselves,orburiedtheminadeskdrawerbecausetheydidnotrealizethatanyoneelsewasinterested.Butnow,awidecircleofpeoplehasbeguntodothiskindofwork.Forinstance,NASAfundedaprojectontransformingMars.Thereareseveralstrongreasonswhichdemandthatthepossibilitiesofterraformingbestudiedcarefully.First,it’sanexcitingideaofapossiblefutureforhumanbeings.Suchthinkinghasavaluableroleinprovidingoptionsforourfuturedirections.Secondly,thetechniquesofterraformingwillalsohelpcontemporarytechnologiesinweatherandclimatecontrol.Thirdly,suchstudymayassistusindetectinganypossibleexistenceofextraterrestrialintelligence(SETI:TheSearchforExtraterrsstialIntelligence)andaliencivilizationsonotherplanets.Althoughthemission(使命)isfarbeyondourreachatthemoment,weshouldatleastkeepouroptionsopen.Throughdebateandstudyonthissubject,thepossibilityofrebuildingotherplanetstomakethemsuitablehomesforpeoplemaycometruesomedayinthefuture.1.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“speculation”inpara.2?A.Theactofdiscussingsomethingwithagroupofpeople.B.Theactofstudyingandresearching.C.Theactofguessingwithoutknowingallthefactsaboutsomething.D.Theactofwritingletterstoacertainorganization.2.Whydidpeoplekeeptheideaofterraformingtothemselvesinthepast?A.Theythoughtnooneelsewouldshowinterestintheidea.B.Theygraduallycametofindtheideacrazy.C.Theythoughttheideawouldnevercometrue.D.Theyhadfewresourcesforfurtherstudyonthistopic.3.WhichisNOTthereasontosupportthestudyofterraforming?A.Evenifwedon’tsucceedinterraforming,suchstudymayhelpustobetterunderstandtechnologiessuchasclimateandweathercontrol.B.Suchstudymayexploreanewdirectionofdevelopmentforhumanbeings.C.Suchstudymayenableustofindthelivesonotherplanets.D.AsresourcesonEartharebeingexhausted,it’surgenttostudyhowtomigratetootherplanets.4.Theauthorimpliesthat_________.A.peopleinthepastarenotasbraveastheyaretodayB.itisquitemeaninglesstocarryonplanetaryengineeringC.moreconfusingquestionsaboutotherplanetsarebeingputforwardD.human’sdreamofmakingotherplanetssuitabletolivemayberealizedoneday5.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.It’shighlypossiblethatterraformingotherplanetswillcometruesoweshouldincreaseinvestmentinthisprogram.B.Eveniftheideaofterraformingotherplanetsmaytakecenturiestorealize,wehavemanyreasonstosupportsuchstudies.C.Terraformingotherplanetsisthebestoptionforhumanbeing’sfuture.D.Moreandmorepeoplearetakingplanetaryengineeringastheiroccupation.[助讀詞匯]terraformingn.地球化atmospheren.大氣drawern.抽屜contemporaryadj.當(dāng)代的detectvt.探測(cè)awidecircleof很多的planetaryengineering行星工程hardfacts鐵的事實(shí)aliencivilization外星文明extraterrestrialintelligence地外智慧生物二、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。(共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分)Forovertwentyyearsscientistshavebeensearchingfor1oflifeonotherplanets.Mostofthese2havebeendoneoverthe3.Thehopeisthatsomeoneinouterspacemaybetryingtogetintouchwithus.Scientistsalsohavesentradioandtelevision4onspaceshipstravelingthroughspace,onthe5thatsomeonemay6suchmessages.Scientistsareusingpowerfulradiotelescopestolistento7fromabout1,000stars,allwithin100lightyearsoftheearth.Inaddition,theywillscantheentireskyto“l(fā)isten”forradiomessagesfrommore8stars.Usingacomputer,theywillbeabletomonitormorethaneightchannelsatonetime.Scientistsarelookingforanysignalthat9outfromthebackgroundnoise.Ofthe200billion10intheMilkyWaygalaxy,scientistsfindthat5%arelikeoursun.Perhapshalfofthemhavea11liketheearth.Suchaplanetwouldbea12distancefromthestarfor13toberightfortheevolutionoflife.Basedontheinhabitableplanetsinourgalaxy,mostscientistsagreethatchancesare14thatoneormoreoftheseplanets15somelife.However,manyscientists16whetherintelligentlifeexistsonotherplanets.Somebelievethat20yearsofsearchingwithoutanyintelligible(可理解的)messagesshowsthatnooneisoutthere.Theysaythatthe17ofintelligencecomparabletooursisunlikely.Otherscientistsbelievethatoursearchhasn’tbeen18enoughtoruleoutthepossibilitythatintelligentlife19inourgalaxy.Ifwehopetofindintelligentlife,thesescientistsbelievethatwehavetokeep20.1.A.signsB.chainsC.reactionsD.satellites2.A.attempts B.searches C.predictions D.imitations3.A.radio B.receiver C.button D.flash4.A.requests B.postcodes C.channels D.messages5.A.chanceB.conditionC.weightD.gravity6.A.cycle B.swallow C.answer D.gain7.A.travelers B.voices C.survivors D.signals8.A.neighboringB.distant C.alike D.previous9.A.stands B.rushes C.guides D.slides10.A.materials B.suns C.stars D.systems11.A.object B.planet C.satellite D.orbit12.A.extinctB.reasonableC.weightlessD.fundamental13.A.phenomena B.movements C.settlementsD.temperatures14.A.cheerfulB.invisibleC.likelyD.unknown15.A.supportB.afford C.manufacture D.deliver16.A.impressB.deny C.wonder D.confirm17.A.disappearanceB.representativeC.intention D.evolution18.A.closeB.clever C.long D.optimistic19.A.arranges B.exists C.settles D.imitates20.A.lesseningB.survivingC.dissolvingD.looking[助讀詞匯]monitorvt.監(jiān)控signaln.信號(hào)evolutionn.進(jìn)化inhabitableadj.可居住的backgroundn.背景adj.背景的onthechancethat懷著……的希望radiotelescope無(wú)線電天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡theMilkyWaygalaxy銀河系reasonabledistance合理間距intelligentlife智能生命c(diǎn)omparableto比得上ruleout排除三、語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分)Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探測(cè)器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess1(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis2(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot3itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular4(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山),moreso5thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-46(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit7(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon8(construct)”Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition,suchashow9iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether10(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.四、短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分）假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。Theteenageyearfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.Atthefirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbyyourself.However,myparentsdidn'tseemtothinksuch.Theyalwaystellmewhattodoandhowtodoit.Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.NowIamleavinghometocollege.Atlast,Iwillbeonmyown,butIstillwanttohavemyparentstoturntowheneverneedhelp.必修3Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars（B卷）滾動(dòng)提升檢測(cè)參考答案一、閱讀理解(A)文章講述了衛(wèi)星的重要性以及行星的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)規(guī)則。衛(wèi)星在我們生活中非常重要，我們的天氣預(yù)報(bào)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，電視節(jié)目等都要依靠衛(wèi)星來(lái)傳輸信號(hào)，因此沒有衛(wèi)星的生活將會(huì)乏味而落后。1.D事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段內(nèi)容可知，A、B項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容都是衛(wèi)星的功能，從第三段可知，衛(wèi)星還可以發(fā)送電視畫面，而D項(xiàng)內(nèi)容文中并未提及。故選D。2.C推理判斷題。由第三段第四句“Thisisbecauseitismovingaroundtheworldat11,000kilometersanhour—exactlythesamespeedthattheearthrotates.”可知，地球自轉(zhuǎn)的速度是一小時(shí)11000千米。故選C。3.B事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第三段第三句“Sometimeswecanseeasatelliteintheskyanditseemstostayinthesameplace.”及第五句“AsatellitemustorbittheEarthwithitsantennae(天線)facingtheearth.Sometimes,itmovesawayfromitsorbit.”可知，和地球速度一樣是因?yàn)橐粼谲壍郎系墓潭ㄎ恢?。故選B。4.C詞義猜測(cè)題。上一句話的意思是：有時(shí)候我們看到天空中的衛(wèi)星好像呆在同一個(gè)地方，這是因?yàn)椤?，故選C。5.A事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。通讀整篇文章，顯然衛(wèi)星在我們的生活中是非常重要的。故選A正確。C、D選項(xiàng)文章沒提及，B表述錯(cuò)誤。(B)短文主要講述人類進(jìn)行行星工程——使其他星球地球化以便適合人類居住，雖然任重道遠(yuǎn)，困難重重，但作者相信，這個(gè)人類的夢(mèng)想終究有一天會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。1.C猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)此詞所在句子的Speculationshavebeenanswered;newquestionshavebeenraised.的havebeenanswered可知，被回答的理應(yīng)是“猜測(cè)，推測(cè)”等意，原有的猜測(cè)被回答后，新的問題又被提出。只有C項(xiàng)才符合文章上下文語(yǔ)境。2.A事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第三段becausetheydidnotrealizethatanyoneelsewasinterested可知選A。3.D事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從文章倒數(shù)第二段的First,…Secondly,…Thirdly,…所講內(nèi)容可知A、B、C都是支持外星環(huán)境地球化的理由，只有D項(xiàng)沒有提到。故選D。4.D推理判斷題。從文章最后一句Throughdebateandstudyonthissubject,thepossibilityofrebuildingotherplanetstomakethemsuitablehomesforpeoplemaycometruesomedayinthefuture.可推斷出D項(xiàng)正確。其他選項(xiàng)都是要么無(wú)法從原文推斷出來(lái)要么歪曲原文意思。5.B主旨大意題。此篇短文主要講人類進(jìn)行行星工程（使其他星球地球化以便適合人類居?。?，雖然任重道遠(yuǎn)，但通過努力，作者相信夢(mèng)想一定會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。與B選項(xiàng)一致。二、完形填空科學(xué)家正在努力尋找其他星球可能存在的智能生命體。1.A整篇文章都是在告訴我們科學(xué)家正在尋在外星存在生命的跡象。故只有選A才符合上下文意。2.B根據(jù)文章首句searchingforsignsoflife可推知選B。屬于同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。3.A根據(jù)下一段的to“l(fā)isten”forradiomessages可知以及文章多次提到radio。屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。說明科學(xué)家主要通過無(wú)線電以及相關(guān)科技來(lái)探測(cè)太空的生命跡象。4.D由下文的suchmessages可知選D。屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。2013年英語(yǔ)高考也多次出現(xiàn)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)的題，同學(xué)們應(yīng)引起重視。5.A習(xí)慣搭配onthechancethat意為“懷著……的希望”。6.C斟酌四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，A和B可首先排除，D項(xiàng)是個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)。但根據(jù)常識(shí)推理，即使有人收到對(duì)于科學(xué)家也沒用，只有回應(yīng)或回答才有意義。故選C最合適。7.D由下文的Scientistsarelookingforanysignal可知選D。屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。8.B根據(jù)上文100lightyearsoftheearth.Inaddition和空前的more可推知，此處應(yīng)選B，distant意為“遙遠(yuǎn)的”。9.A從空后的信息fromthebackgroundnoise可知，科學(xué)家通過電腦監(jiān)控，希望能從這些噪音背景突顯或顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)的信號(hào)。standout是固定搭配，意為“突顯，引人注意”。故選A符合文意。其他選項(xiàng)要么不是固定搭配要么不符合語(yǔ)境。10.C根據(jù)本句后面的that5%arelikeoursun可知，太陽(yáng)也屬于恒星或星球，故選C。stars在此處意為“恒星，星球”。11.B由地理知識(shí)可知，恒星太陽(yáng)由許多圍繞它轉(zhuǎn)的行星。此處，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)有5%的恒星像太陽(yáng)，其中有一半是有類似地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)的行星