2021年高考英語一輪總復習選修6 Unit 5 The power of nature-B卷

選修6Unit5Thepowerofnature（B卷）滾動提升檢測(全卷共四大題，滿分100分。請在40分鐘內(nèi)完成)班級____________學號____________姓名____________得分____________一、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項。(共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分)AOurlistener’squestiontodaycomesfromClaudiafromCanada.Thefirstrecordedvolcaniceruptionwasin475BCatMountEtnainSicily.Sincethenthisvolcanohaseruptedmorethan250times.ThefamousvolcanoMountVesuviusinItalyeruptedonAugust24,79AD,killingover2,000peoplewhowereburiedunderashandmud,buttherewasnoliquidlavaduringthateruption.Vesuviushasbeendormantsince1944butvolcanologiststhinkitmightbecomeactiveagain.Stromboli,anothervolcanoinItaly,isalwayserupting.OnMay18,1980,MountSt.HelensonthecoastoftheStateofWashingtoneruptedforthefirsttimein120years.Theeruptionwasasstrongas30,000atomicbombs.Whenthevolcanoexploded,ahugeareawasrippedoutfromitssideandleftaverybigcrater.Theeruptionlasted9hours.Volcanologistswereabletopredictthiseruption,somostpeoplehadlefttheirhomes.Sixtypeoplewerekilledthough.MountFujiisthehighestandmostsacredmountaininJapan.ItisseeninmanyJapanesepaintingsandisoftenseeninpicturesofJapan.Itisaninactivevolcano.Itlasteruptedin1707.ThelargestvolcanointheworldisMaunaLoainHawaii.Itis30,000feetabovetheoceanfloorandis60mileswideatitsbase.Ithaserupted40timesinthelast150years.ThetallestvolcanoesareinChile,SouthAmerica.YasurinthePacificOceanandErtaAleinAfricaarevolcanoesthatarealwayserupting.FurnacePeakintheIndianOceanisthevolcanothathaseruptedthemosttimesinthe20thcentury.Ithaserupted80timessince1900.Ingeneral,volcanocanbedividedintothreecategories,whichrespectively(分別地)isextinctvolcano,dormantvolcanoandactivevolcano.Sometimesthereisatransformationamongthem.Perhapsoneday,adeadvolcanooradormantvolcanomayerupt.1.Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom_________.A.anewspaperB.ageographytextbookC.aradioprogrammeD.amagazine2.Theunderlinedword“dormant”inthefirstparagraphmeans_________.A.dangerousB.deadC.inactiveD.active3.Ofthefollowingvolcanoes,whichonedoesNOTeruptoften?A.MountSt.Helens.B.MountStromboli.C.MountYasur.D.MountErtaAle.4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Everytimeavolcanoerupts,manydeathsarecaused.B.Itisimpossibleforhumanbeingstopredictavolcaniceruption.C.Allthevolcanoesintheworldareinanactivestate.D.Liquidlavaisn’talwaysproducedwhenavolcanoerupts.5.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Toremindpeopletogetpreparedforvolcaniceruptions.B.Tointroducesomefamousvolcanoestoreaders.C.Towarnpeopleofthedisastercausedbyvolcaniceruptions.D.Toincreasepeople’sknowledgeaboutvolcanoes.[助讀詞匯]sacredadj.神圣的transformationn.轉(zhuǎn)變；轉(zhuǎn)型volcanologistn.火山學家categoryn.種類liquidlava液體熔巖extinctvolcano死火山atomicbomb原子彈ripout扯掉oceanfloor海底atitsbase在底座BWhatisthegreatestthreattomankind?Maybedifferentpeoplecomeupwithdifferentanswers.However,thereisnodenyingthefactthattheonlythreattohumankind,apartfromhumankinditself,is,withoutanydoubt,thenature.Naturaldisastersaretheresultofnaturalenvironmentalprocessesthathaveadamagingeffectonpeople.Naturaldisasterscancomeinmanyforms:suchasgeologicaleventslikeearthquakes,tsunamisormud-rockflows,climaticeventslikestorms,hurricanesortornadoesandfireeventslikeforestfiresandwildfires.Thedamagedonebynaturaldisastersismainlyasaresultofourinabilitytopredictexactlywhentheywillhappen.Althoughgreatprogresshasbeenmadeindesigninganddevelopingforecastingmodelsforsomenaturaldisasters,completecertaintyisstillimpossible.Eventobepessimistic,thereisapossibilitythathumanbeingswillneverachieveaccuratepredictionofthehappeningofallnaturaldisasters.What’smore,eventhoughwewereabletopredictthesedisastersfromnature,preventingthemisequallyimpossible.Soweonlyhavetwowaystobothpreventinjuriesordeathsandreduceeconomiclossestotheleast.Thesetwomethodsaretopreparebeforeanaturaldisastercomestohit,andtomanagethenecessaryresourcesandpublicservicesafteranaturaldisasterstrikes.Thesetwothingshavealwaysbeenattheleadingpositionoftheprojectsofbothnationalgovernmentsandinternationalorganizations.IntheUnitedStates,theFederalEmergencyManagementAgency(FEMA)isresponsibleforthe“preparedness,responseandrecoveryplanning”ofbothman-madeandnaturaldisasters.Mostnaturaldisasterscannotbeprevented,andbothemergencypreparationandgooddisastermanagementarethebestwaystodealwiththem.Althoughnaturaleventsmayappeartoservenopurposebutsimplytopunishanddestroy,naturaldisasters,aperfectsymbolofthegreatpowerofthenature,aredisplayofourplanet’sevolutionanditsstateofchange.1.Accordingtothepassage,bothhumankindandnature_________.A.canbemanagedorderlyB.canthreatenhumanbeingsC.arehardtocontrolD.havealargefamily2.Whichcan’tberegardedasasimilaritybetweentornadoesandearthquakes?A.Theycannotbeprevented.B.Theyarebothgeologicalevents.C.Theyareboththeresultofnaturalenvironmentalprocesses.D.Theycausedamagetopeople.3.Thereasonwhynaturaldisasterscausesomuchdamageisthat_________.A.itisverydifficulttopredictwhenexactlytheywillhappenB.ourforecastingequipmentistoooldformanynaturaldisastersC.wedon’tdoenoughpreparationbeforenaturaldisastersstrikeD.wedon’thavethenecessarypublicservicestouseafternaturaldisastersstrike4.Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat_________.A.naturaldisasterscannotbepredictedatallB.humanbeingsarepessimistictothefutureC.beingwell-preparedcanavoideconomiclossesD.goodpreparationanddisastermanagementareadvisable5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.asymbolofthepowerofnatureB.thegreatestthreattomankindC.NaturaldisastersandmankindD.reducelossestotheleast[助讀詞匯]geologicaladj.地質(zhì)的climaticadj.氣候的strikevt.襲擊displayn.顯示；表現(xiàn)evolutionn.進化；演變forecastingmodel預測模型tobepessimistic悲觀地說accurateprediction準確預測leadingposition首要地位appearto似乎servenopurpose沒有用reduceeconomiclossestotheleast把經(jīng)濟損失減到最少二、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。(共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分)volcanoEverytimewementionanaturaldisaster,wealwaysthinkofthe1volcaniceruption.Thevolcanoisoneofthemostsurprisingfrightening2ofnature.Haveyoueverseenavolcano3violentlywithyourowneyes?Tobetrue,fewpeoplehavesucha4.Maybeyouhaveseenquiteafewpicturesofthese“fireworks”of5.Sometimeswhenavolcano6,averylargewallofmeltedrockmovesdownthesideofa7.Itlookslikea“riveroffire”.Sometimesvolcanoesexplode,8themeltedrockandasheshighintothe9.Butwheredoesthismeltedrockcomefrom?Theearthismadeupofmany10.Thetoplayerthatweseeiscalledthecrust(地殼).Underthecrustaremanylayersofhardrock.Butfar,farbeneaththecrustwhoserockisso11,thatitissoft.Insomeplacesiteven12.Themeltedrockiscalledmagma(巖漿).Sometimesthemagmabreaksouttothe13throughcracksinthecrust.Thesecracksare14.Mostpeoplethinkof15whentheythinkofvolcanoes.Butnoteverymountainisavolcano.Avolcanois16theopeningintheearthfromwhichthemagma17.Thehotmagma,orlavaasitiscalled,coolsandbuildsuponthesurfaceoftheearth.Overthousandsofyears,thispileof18lavacangrowtobevery,verybig.Forexample,the19mountaininAfrica,Kilimanjaro,isavolcano.It20morethan16,000feetabovethegroundaroundit.1.A.terribleB.spectacularC.preciousD.diverse2.A.creaturesB.powersC.reportsD.threats3.A.breakingoutB.burningdownC.comingtrueD.puttingforward4.A.accidentB.anxietyC.chanceD.potential5.A.history B.nature C.reality D.diversity6.A.melts B.erupts C.causes D.trembles7.A.place B.angle C.fountain D.mountain8.A.throwingB.appreciating C.controlling D.waving9.A.ground B.space C.air D.peak10.A.pieces B.samples C.diagrams D.layers11.A.cool B.active C.hot D.precious12.A.arouses B.melts C.burns D.rises13.A.surface B.heart C.appearance D.plain14.A.hurricanes B.disasters C.powers D.volcanoes15.A.mountainsB.lakes C.ranges D.tsunamis16.A.consciously B.simply C.absolutely D.potentially17.A.guaranteesB.forms C.escapes D.flows18.A.heatedB.threatenedC.moltenD.cooled19.A.shortestB.hottest C.highest D.strangest20.A.follows B.varies C.suits D.towers[助讀詞匯]explodevt.爆發(fā)crackn.裂縫beneathprep.在……下面lavan.熔巖openingn.開口layern.層；地層powerofnature自然的力量quiteafew不少meltedrock熔巖buildup逐步累積；逐漸形成三、語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分)Itwasacoldandcloudyafternoon.Iwasonthebuswithmychildren,agedfourandtwo,headinghomewhenitstartedtorain.Irealizedthiswouldmeanawetwalkhome1thebusstop.Homewasonlytwoblocksaway2itwasnotapleasantwalkwithonesmallboyfastasleepinthepram(手推嬰兒車),theotheroneinaraincoatandnoumbrellaformyself.Apick-uptruckpassedusontheroadand,afewminuteslater,Isawit3(pull)backandthedriverlookingdirectlyatus.Ayoungmanputthewindowdown.“Hey,here’sanumbrellaforyou—pleasetakeit.”Hecalledout.Istoodthere4(astonish),barelybelievingthattheman,5existencewasunknowntomeonlymomentsago,couldbeso6(thought).“Comeon,givethistoyourmummy,”hesaidtomyolderson.Igratefullyacceptedtheoffer,7(thank)himandwatchedthetruckdisappeardowntheroad.Thismanmighthaveneededtheumbrellafor8(he)laterduringthedaybutpreferredtogiveittome.Itwasalessontome9it’spossibletogivewithoutexpectinganything10return.[助讀詞匯]blocksn.街區(qū)existencen.存在gratefullyadv.滿懷感激地busstop公車站四、短文改錯（共10小題；每小題2分，滿分20分）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。 LastweekmyparentsandItookatwo-daystriptoEmeiMountaininSichuan.Aseveryoneknows,itisfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.Theweatherwasfine.Itwasaboutnoonuntilwearrivedatthefootofthemountain,andthethreeofthemwereveryexcited.Asweclimbedthemountain,wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.OnthewayupIwasbusytakingpicturesincethescenerywassobeautiful.Thetimepassesquickly.Eveningcame.Wespentthenightinahotelonthetopofthemountain.Thefoodwasexpensiveandtheservicewasgood.IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.選修6Unit5Thepowerofnature（B卷）滾動提升檢測參考答案一、閱讀理解(A)本文主要介紹世界各地著名的火山。1.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章首段首句Ourlistener’squestiontodaycomesfromClaudiafromCanada.可推斷出選C。2.C猜測詞義題。根據(jù)第一段該詞后面的butvolcanologiststhinkitmightbecomeactiveagain可推知，該火山原來一直是不活躍的。故選C合適。3.A事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段首句OnMay18,1980,MountSt.HelensonthecoastoftheStateofWashingtoneruptedforthefirsttimein120years.可知MountSt.Helens并不經(jīng)常爆發(fā)，B、C、D項從文章可知都是經(jīng)常爆發(fā)的火山。故選A。4.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段buttherewasnoliquidlavaduringthateruption可推斷出D項正確。A和D項無法從文章找到相應信息點。根據(jù)第二段Volcanologistswereabletopredictthiseruption可知B項錯誤；5.B主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章只是簡單向讀者介紹世界各地一些著名火山，并無其他目的，與篇章導讀相符，故選B項合適。(B)到目前為止人類還無法完全準確地預測自然災害的發(fā)生。自然是人類除了自己之外的最大的威脅，在自然的力量面前，人類顯得是那么的渺小和無助。本文主要講述人類與自然災害之間的種種交織。1.B事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段…thattheonlythreattohumankind,apartfromhumankinditself,is,withoutanydoubt,thenature可知選B。2.B事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段…geologicaleventslikeearthquakes和…climaticeventslikestorms,hurricanesortornadoes…可知選B。3.A事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段首句Thedamagedonebynaturaldisastersismainlyasaresultofourinabilitytopredictexactlywhentheywillhappen.可知選A。4.D推理判斷題。由最后一段Mostnaturaldisasterscannotbeprevented,andbothemergencypreparationandgooddisastermanagementarethebestwaystodealwiththem.可推斷出D項正確。5.C主旨大意題。第一段講自然是我們的威脅和自然災害的種類；第二段講自然災害造成損失的原因和人類無法準確預測自然災害的發(fā)生；第三段講自然災害發(fā)生時人們的處理方式；第四段講自然災害是自然力量的體現(xiàn)。因此文章主要內(nèi)容就是自然災害與人類的種種“恩怨”與“交織”。選C最具有概括性和囊括性。二、完形填空本文簡要介紹火山是如何形成的。1.A根據(jù)前面的信息naturaldisaster可知，既然是自然災難，那就應該是可怕的。故選A最佳。B項干擾性比較強。2.B對比四個選項，顯然B項是最符合上下文邏輯的。3.A此處breakout意為“爆發(fā)”，A項最符合上下文意。4.C此處指很少人有機會能親眼看到火山爆發(fā)。5.B火山爆發(fā)時噴射出來的紅色巖漿就像“自然界”的煙花一般。此處是個比喻手法。6.B由下文averylargewallofmeltedrockmovesdownthesideofa7.Itlookslikea“riveroffire”.可知是指“當火山爆發(fā)的時候”。故選B。7.D斟酌四個選項，以及火山爆發(fā)的情形與空前的largewallofmeltedrockmovesdownthesideofa…可知，只能選D才符合上下語境。8.A根據(jù)后面的…h(huán)ighinto可知，此處是描述火山爆發(fā)時，火山熔巖和火山灰高高地拋到高空。表“拋向高空”常用throw…h(huán)ighintotheair表達。9.C根據(jù)上一題可知。只有選C才符合語境。10.D根據(jù)下一句Thetoplay