北師大版高中英語選擇性必修第一冊UNIT2 Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK Lesson1講義

1．Hewhoseizestherightmoment，istherightman.—Goethe誰把握機遇，誰就心想事成。——歌德2．Thepeoplewhogetoninthisworldarethepeoplewhogetupandlookforcircumstancestheywant，andiftheycannotfindthem，makethem.—BernardShaw在這個世界上取得成就的人，都努力去尋找他們想要的機會，如果找不到機會，他們便自己創(chuàng)造機會?！挷{3．Youhavetobelieveinyourself.That'sthesecretofsuccess.—CharlieChaplin人必須有自信，這是成功的秘密?！槔怼ぷ縿e林4．Trynottobecomeamanofsuccessbutrathertrytobecomeamanofvalue.—Einstein不要為成功而努力，要為做一個有價值的人而努力?！獝垡蛩固?．Victorywon'tcometomeunlessIgotoit.—M.Moore勝利是不會向我走來的，我必須自己走向勝利?！聽朣uccessmeansdifferentthingsfordifferentpeople.Somemayequateitwithfame，somewithwealthandstillsomewithaccomplishments.Forme，itmeansfulfillingone'sdreams.Whateveryourdreamsare，youhaveagoalthereandthenfocusallyourattentiononit.Dreamsbringyouhopeandhappiness.Intheprocessofstrugglingforit，youcry，sweat，complainorevencurse，butthejoyofharvestingmakesyouforgetallthepainsandtroublesyouhavegonethrough.Soanoldproverbsaysthatthesweetestfruitisonethathasundergonethebitterestordeal.Shouldpeoplestoponcetheyhaveachievedsomething?No!Inlife，theyarealwaystryingtomakethingsbetterorhavemoreofthesamesuccess.Athletesareconstantlystriving(努力)toshortentimeforraces，increaseheightsordistances.Theworldofmedicinehashaditsseriesofsuccesses，too.ChristianBarnardperformedseveralsuccessfulhearttransplants.Othermedicalexpertshaveachievedorgantransplants.Throughouttheages，mankindhasfoundtreatmentsandcuresforcancerandotherdiseases.AcureforAIDSmightsoonbediscovered.Successdoesnotbelongonlytotherichandfamous.Itshouldbethegoalofeveryone.Manysuccessfulpeoplehavehadhumblebeginnings.Atwork，westriveforachievement，too.Successmaymeanorganizingaconferencemoreeffectivelyandefficientlyeachyear.Sometimes，itisnotapatonthebackorthepromotionthatmakesitworthwhile.Thejourneytosuccesshasitsroadblocks，discouragementanddistractions.Ittakesgreatresourcefulnessandachievementtoovercomeobstaclesandsetbackstomoveonsuccessfully.[探究發(fā)現]1．Whyathletesareconstantlystrivingtoshortentimeforraces?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．WhatisChristianBarnard'ssuccess?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．Accordingtothepassage，whodoessuccessbelongto?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________SectionⅠTOPICTALK&LESSON1Ⅰ.匹配詞義A．單詞匹配()1.astronaut A．adj.obeyingtherules()2.disciplined B．n.宇航員()3.enthusiastic C．adj.感激的()4.appreciative D．adj.最后的，最終的()5.ultimate E．adj.feelingorshowing alotofexcitement andinterestaboutsb./sth.()6.commitment F．n.thefactofdoing sth.togetherorof workingtogether towardsasharedaim()7.cooperation G．n.寢室，學生宿舍()8.employee H．n.thewillingnessto workhardandgiveyour energyandtimetoajoboranactivity()9.dormitory I．n.家具()10.furniture J．n.雇員B．短語匹配()1.makesense A．發(fā)跡；出人頭地()2.geton B．退出，脫離；輟學()3.dropout C．有意義；解釋得通()4.turnone'sbackon D．贈送；捐贈()5.giveaway E．不理睬；背棄Ⅱ.默寫單詞1．________n. 象征，標志2．________adj. 樂觀的，樂觀主義的3．________adj. 堅定的；盡心盡力的4．________adj. 有抱負的，有雄心的5．________vt. 欣賞；賞識6．________n. 饑餓，饑荒7．________adj. 內疚的，羞愧的8．________n. 教授Ⅰ.語境填詞hunger；guilty；professor；dormitories；optimistic；means；ambitious；symbol；appreciate；career1．Inthispoemthebuddingflower________youth.2．Theyarecautiously________thatthereformswilltakeplace.3．Only________studentsgetthebestmarks.4．Thewhitecolourisa________ofpurity.5．Youcan't________Englishpoetryunlessyouunderstanditsrhythm.6．Myuncleentereduponadiplomatic________attheageofthirty-five.7．Threehundredpeopleinthistownaredyingof______everyday.8．Bobfelt________thathehadnotmadeanattempttosaveher.9．The________adaptedhislecturetohisaudience.10．Mostofthestudentsofthiscollegelivein________．Ⅱ.語法填空之派生詞1．Ifelt________(guilt)aboutnotvisitingmyparentsmoreoften.2．Thousandsaregoing________(hunger)becauseofthefailureofthisyear'sharvest.3．IputapillowonthesaddlesothatIcouldride______(comfortable)．4．Everysingle________(employ)turnedupatthemeeting，evenpeoplewhousuallystayedaway.5．Hewas________(determine)togivehisfamilyasecureandsolidbase.6．Thegovernmentis________(commit)toprotectingtheinterestsoftenants.7．Theheadmasterinourschoolhopesthatwewillbemore________(ambition)whenwegraduatethanwhenwegotadmitted.8．Hewasvery________(appreciate)ofhiscolleagues'supportduringhisillness.9．He'sbeenoutofactionfor16monthswithaseriousknee________(injure)．10．Themeetingdiscussedhowtopromote________(cooperate)betweenthetwocountries.1．Theyspendhalfoftheirtimedreamingupwaysofgettingrichandachievingthesuccesstheyexpect，andtherestoftheirtimethinkingaboutallthethingstheywilldooncetheybecomerich.他們花一半時間想象各種發(fā)財和達到他們期望的成功的辦法，_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。2．However，therearepeoplewhohaveturnedtheirbacksontheirmillionsandfoundotherformsofsuccessintheirlives.然而_______________________________，找到了人生中其他形式的成功。3．Hewastiredofbeingregardedaslivingasuccessfullife，asapersonwhohadeverythingwhilemanypeoplehadnothing.他厭倦了被認為是一個擁有一切的人，過著成功的生活，___________________。4．Theydidn'thavethechancetolearnandgetoninlife.他們沒有___________________________________。5．JasonHarleydecidedtodropoutofthiskindoflifestyle，andhediscoveredthathavingonlyalittlemoneymadehimfree.詹森·哈利________________________，他發(fā)現只擁有少量金錢使他獲得了自由。課文助讀①becomeamillionaire成為百萬富翁②asymbolofsuccess成功的象征③ultimategoal最終目標④dreamup虛構，憑空想出⑤thinkabout考慮⑥getthesenseofsuccess獲得成功感⑦lookfor尋找⑧worryabout擔心⑨workhard努力工作⑩becomewealthy變得富有?makemoney賺錢?losethesenseofsuccess失去成功感?turnone'sbackon不理睬；背棄?otherformsofsuccess其他形式的成功?acollegeprofessor大學教授?afortuneoftwomilliondollars兩百萬美元的財產?asmalldormitoryroom小宿舍?second-handfurniture二手家具?takecareof照料?growsomevegetables種些蔬菜?charityshops慈善商店?appreciatethischange欣賞這種變化?bepleasedtodo...很高興做某事?giveup放棄?betiredof厭倦，討厭?regard...as認為……是?makethechoicetodo...決定做……?giveall...moneyaway把……錢財都捐贈出去?bringsb.happiness給某人帶來快樂?livesimply過簡單生活?behelpfultoothers幫助別人?millionsofpeople數百萬人?dieofhunger餓死?havethechancetolearn有機會學習?geton發(fā)跡；出人頭地?feelveryguilty感到很內疚?withoutdoinganything什么都不做?giveaway...to把……贈送給?morethan超過?banknotes鈔票?homelesspeople無家可歸的人?akindofsatisfaction一種滿足?meandoing...意味著?awell-paidjob一份高薪工作?asenseofachievement成就感?comefrom來自；出生于?truemeaninginlife生活的真諦?livecomfortably生活舒適?havenoworries沒有煩惱?dropoutofthiskindoflifestyle放棄這種生活方式eq\o(○,\s\up2(51))bemuchhappier更快樂eq\o(○,\s\up2(52))accordingtoone'svalues按照某人的價值觀原文呈現MONEYVSSUCCESSAngelaJohnsoninterviewsex-millionaireJasonHarleyForalotofpeople，becomingamillionaire①isasymbolofsuccess②andtheysetthisastheirultimategoal③.Theyspendhalfoftheirtimedreamingup④waysofgettingrichandachievingthesuccesstheyexpect，andtherestoftheirtimethinkingabout⑤allthethingstheywilldooncetheybecomerich.(1)Butdoallmillionairesgetthesenseofsuccess⑥theywerelookingfor⑦aftertheyachievetheirgoals？(2)Somecontinuetoworryabout⑧moneywhentheybecomemillionaires—theyworkedhard⑨t(yī)obecomewealthy⑩，butthentheyneedtocontinuemakingmoney?sotheydon'tlosethesenseofsuccess?theyhaveachieved.(3)However，therearepeoplewhohaveturnedtheirbackson?theirmillionsandfoundotherformsofsuccess?intheirlives(4)．JasonHarleyisoneexample.(1)句中theyexpect為定語從句，修飾先行詞success；theywilldo也是定語從句，修飾先行詞things；oncetheybecomerich為時間狀語從句。(2)句中theywerelookingfor為定語從句，修飾先行詞success；aftertheyachievetheirgoals為時間狀語從句。(3)句中but連接表示轉折關系的并列句；so連接表示因果關系的并列句；whentheybecomemillionaires為時間狀語從句；theyhaveachieved為定語從句，修飾先行詞thesenseofsuccess。(4)who引導定語從句，修飾先行詞people。Sixteenyearsago，Jasonwasacollegeprofessor?withahugesix-bedroomhouseandafortuneoftwomilliondollars?.Todayhelivesinasmalldormitoryroom?withonlysecond-handfurniture?.TherearecertainlynosignsthatJasonisarichandsuccessfulman(5)！Thereisasmallgardenoutsidewithafewfruittrees，whichJasonenjoystakingcareof?(6)．Healsogrowssomevegetables?andafewflowers.Hegetshisclothesandalotofotherthingsfromcharityshops?.(5)that引導同位語從句。(6)which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞fruittrees。ButJasonappreciatesthischange?.Heispleasedto?giveup?thelifestyleofarichman.Hewastiredof?beingregardedas?livingasuccessfullife，asapersonwhohadeverythingwhilemanypeoplehadnothing.(7)Hemadethechoiceto?giveallhismoneyaway?.Andthis，hesaid，broughthimhappiness?andasenseofsuccessinlife.(7)句中while引導表示對比關系的并列句，第一個分句中whohadeverything為定語從句，修飾先行詞aperson。“Idon'tneedalotofmoney.Idon'twanttobuymorethings.Ihaveenough，”saidJason.“WhatIwant(8)istolivesimply?andbehelpfultoothers?.Afewyearsago，Iwasamillionaire，butIknewmillionsofpeople?diedofhunger?everyyear，andtherewereplaceswithnoschoolsandnoteachers.Somanypeoplecouldnevergotoschool.Theydidn'thavethechancetolearn?andgeton?inlife.ThisworriedmealotandIfeltveryguilty?beingarichmanwithoutdoinganything?.”(8)what引導主語從句。Thereforehegaveawayallhismoneyto?charities.Wheneverhehadmorethan?twothousanddollars(9)，hewouldgiveawaysmallbanknotes?tohomelesspeople?inthestreetsoflocalareas.“Itwasakindofsatisfaction?andarealsenseofsuccessthatIhadneverfeltbefore(10)，”saidJason.“Sure，manypeoplethinkthat‘success’meanshaving?millionsinthebankorawell-paidjob?(11)．ButIthinkmysenseofachievement?comesfrom?helpingothersandfindingtruemeaninginlife?(12)．”(9)whenever引導時間狀語從句。(10)that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞success。(11)that引導賓語從句。(12)省略that的賓語從句，其中and連接兩個動名詞短語作comesfrom的賓語。Mostpeoplebelievewhentheyarelivingcomfortably?andearningenoughmoney，theywillhavenoworries?.(13)However，mostpeopleneverfeeltheyhaveearnedenough(14)．JasonHarleydecidedtodropoutofthiskindoflifestyle?，andhediscoveredthathavingonlyalittlemoneymadehimfree(15)．Arethereanythingshemissesfromhispast(16)？“No，I'mmuchhappiereq\s\up3(\o(○,\s\up2(51)))now，becauseIamlivingaccordingtomyvalueseq\s\up3(\o(○,\s\up2(52)))(17)．Successisnotmeasuredbyhowmuchmoneyyouhavebutbyhowyouunderstandthetruemeaningoflife.(18)”(13)Mostpeoplebelieve后為賓語從句，其中when...enoughmoney為時間狀語從句。(14)省略that的賓語從句。(15)that引導賓語從句。(16)省略關系代詞that的定語從句，修飾先行詞things。(17)because引導原因狀語從句。(18)句中howmuchmoneyyouhave和howyouunderstandthetruemeaningoflife都作介詞by的賓語。譯文參考金錢與成功安吉拉·約翰遜采訪前百萬富翁詹森·哈利對很多人來說，成為百萬富翁是成功的象征，他們把這作為他們的最終目標。他們花一半時間想象各種發(fā)財和達到他們期望的成功的辦法，另一半時間則用來考慮一旦發(fā)了財他們會干什么。但是，是否所有的百萬富翁在實現他們的目標后都獲得了他們所追求的成功感呢？有些人在成為百萬富翁后仍然擔心錢的問題——他們努力工作成為富人，但之后他們需要繼續(xù)賺錢，這樣他們就不會失去已經獲得的成功感。然而有些人卻放棄了百萬家財，找到了人生中其他形式的成功。詹森·哈利就是一個例子。16年前，詹森是一名大學教授，擁有一幢六間臥室的大房子和兩百萬美元的財產。今天他住在一個只有二手家具的小宿舍里。沒有任何跡象表明詹森是一個富有和成功的人！外面有一個小花園，里面有幾棵果樹，詹森喜歡照料它們。他還種了一些蔬菜和花。他的衣服和其他很多東西都是從慈善商店買的。但是詹森很欣賞這種變化。他很樂意放棄富人的生活方式。他厭倦了被認為是一個擁有一切的人，過著成功的生活，而許多人卻一無所有。他決定把自己的錢財都捐贈出去。他說，這給他的生活帶來了快樂和成功感?！拔也恍枰芏噱X。我不想買更多的東西。我擁有的已經夠多了，”詹森說?！拔蚁胍氖呛唵蔚纳詈蛶椭鷦e人。幾年前，我是一個百萬富翁，但我知道每年有數百萬人死于饑餓。有些地方沒有學校，沒有老師。那么多人永遠無法上學。他們沒有接受教育和開啟新生活的機會。這讓我很擔心，我為自己是一個有錢人而什么都不做而感到很內疚。”因此他把所有的錢都捐給了慈善機構。只要他有兩千多美元，他就會把小面額的鈔票送給當地街道上無家可歸的人。“這是一種我從未有過的滿足感和真正的成就感，”詹森說?！爱斎?，許多人認為‘成功’意味著銀行里有數百萬美元或者有一份高薪工作。但我認為我的成就感來自幫助別人并找到生活的真諦。”大多數人相信，當他們生活舒適，并掙到足夠的錢時，他們就不會有任何煩惱。然而，大多數人總是覺得自己掙得不夠。詹森·哈利決定放棄這種生活方式，他發(fā)現只擁有少量金錢使他獲得了自由。他懷念過去的東西嗎？“不，我現在快樂多了，因為我是按照自己的價值觀生活的。成功不是看你有多少錢，而是看你如何理解生活的真諦?！彼僮x課文，完成下列任務Ⅰ.閱讀判斷判斷以下句子提供的信息是正確(T)，還是錯誤(F)。1．Whenwegetthesuccesswewant，wewillfeelhappy. ()2．Jasonwasregardedasasuccessfulmanbuthewasnothappy. ()3．Bygivingawaymoneyandhelping，Jasonhadasenseofsuccess. ()4．Jasongaveawayallhismoneytocharities. ()5．NothavingmuchgivesJasonmorefreedom. ()Ⅱ.補全信息選擇正確選項填入空白處，補全所給句子提供的信息：A．beingregardedaslivingasuccessfullifeB．takingcareofC．beingarichmanwithoutdoinganythingD．becomingamillionaireE．helpingothersandfindingtruemeaninginlifeF．havingmillionsinthebankorawell-paidjob1．Foralotofpeople，________isasymbolofsuccessandtheysetthisastheirultimategoal.2．Thereisasmallgardenoutsidewithafewfruittrees，whichJasonenjoys________．3．Jasonwastiredof________，asapersonwhohadeverythingwhilemanypeoplehadnothing.4．ThisworriedmealotandIfeltveryguilty________．5．Sure，manypeoplethinkthat“success”means________．細讀課文，完成下列任務Ⅰ.主旨匹配段落主旨大意1.Para.12.Para.23.Para.34.Para.45.Para.5A．Jasonappreciatesthischange.B．Jason'spastandpresent.C．Jasongaveawayallhismoney.D．Jason'sbeliefinlife.E.Jasonlivessimplyandhelpsothers.Ⅱ.課文理解1．Whatdosomemillionairesusuallydoafterbecomingrich?A．Dreamupwaysofgettingmuchricher.B．Trytogetthesenseofsuccess.C．Goonmakingmoney.D．Lookfortheirnewlifegoals.2．HowdoesJasonfeelaboutthelifestyleofarichman?A．Tired. B．Pleased.C．Excited. D．Puzzled.3．WhatdoesJasonwanttodonow?A．Tobuymorethings.B．Togetmoreeducation.C．Tobecomeamillionaireagain.D．Tohelpthosepeopleinneed.4．WhatisJason'sopinionofsuccess?A．Successmeanshavingmillionsinthebank.B．Successmeanshavingawell-paidjob.C．Successmeansfindingtruemeaninginlife.D．Successmeanslivingcomfortablyandfreely.5．HowwouldyoudescribeJasonHarley?A．Stubbornbutkind.B．Humorousandopen-minded.C．Generousandsympathetic.D．Childishbutnice.Ⅲ.續(xù)寫素材積累續(xù)寫素材積累(三)——人物感受A．閱讀文中含有表示人物感受的語句1．Somecontinuetoworryaboutmoneywhentheybecomemillionaires—theyworkedhardtobecomewealthy，butthentheyneedtocontinuemakingmoneysotheydon'tlosethesenseofsuccesstheyhaveachieved.2．Heispleasedtogiveupthelifestyleofarichman.3．Hewastiredofbeingregardedaslivingasuccessfullife，asapersonwhohadeverythingwhilemanypeoplehadnothing.B．判斷下列語句中哪個不是表示人物感受的？1．ThisworriedmealotandIfeltveryguiltybeingarichmanwithoutdoinganything.2．Thereforehegaveawayallhismoneytocharities.3．“ItwasakindofsatisfactionandarealsenseofsuccessthatIhadneverfeltbefore，”saidJason.4．I'mmuchhappiernow，becauseIamlivingaccordingtomyvalues.1．determinevt.決定，確定→________adj.堅定的，堅決的→determinationn．決心，毅力2．disciplinen．自制力vt.懲罰，處罰→________adj.遵守紀律的3．commitvt.犯(罪/錯)；承諾；保證→________adj.堅定的；盡心盡力的→________n．投入忠誠，奉獻；承諾4．ambitionn．雄心；野心；抱負→________adj.有抱負的，有雄心的5．________vt.欣賞；賞識→________adj.感激的→appreciationn．欣賞；感激，感謝6．injurevt.損害；傷害→________n．傷，損害→injuredadj.受傷的7．cooperatev．合作，協(xié)作→________n．合作，協(xié)作→cooperativeadj.合作的；同心協(xié)力的8．employvt.雇傭→________n．雇員→employern．雇主→employmentn．雇傭，就業(yè)9．________n．饑餓，饑荒→hungryadj.感到饑餓的；挨餓的10．guiltn．有罪；對罪行有責任→________adj.內疚的，羞愧的commitmentn．承諾；許諾；允諾承擔；保證；(對工作或活動的)獻身，奉獻，投入；已承諾(或同意)的事；不得不做的事①Shedoesn'twanttomakeabigemotionalcommitmenttoSteveatthemoment. ________②Acareerasanactorrequiresonehundredpercentcommitment. ________③Womenveryoftenhavetojuggleworkwiththeirfamilycommitments.________知識要點1determinedadj.堅定的，堅決的[例]Shegavemeadeterminedlook—thekindthatsaidshewouldnotchangehermind.她給了我一個堅定的眼神——這種眼神表明她是不會改變主意的。[知識拓展](1)bedeterminedtodosth. 決心做某事(表示狀態(tài))(2)determinevt. 決定；確定；下決心determine＋todosth.(3)determinationn.[U]決定；決心[即學即練]——單句語法填空①Hedetermined________(learn)Chinese.②Weweredetermined________(win)thegame.③Ihavedetermined______spendingmyholidayathome.④Shehasthe__________(determine)toovercomealltheobstaclestosucceed.知識要點2committedadj.堅定的；盡心盡力的[例]Heisregardedasacommittedsupporterofaradicalfree-marketeconomicspolicy.他被視為激進的自由市場經濟體制政策的堅定支持者。[知識拓展](1)commitvt. 投入；使承諾；犯(罪)commitsb.to(doing)sth. 使某人承諾(做)某事commitoneselfto(doing)sth. 答應(做)某事commitsuicide/acrime/murder 自殺/犯罪/謀殺commitsth.tosth. 調撥；投入(2)commitmentn. 承諾，保證，承擔義務makeacommitment 作出承諾[即學即練]——單句語法填空①Borrowersshouldthinkcarefullybeforecommittingthemselvesto________(take)outaloan.②Thecouncilhascommittedlargeamountsofmoney________housingprojects.③Itisanopenquestionhowlongthat__________(commit)canlast.知識要點3enthusiasticadj.熱心的，熱衷的[例]ShewasevenlessenthusiasticaboutgoingtoSpain.她對去西班牙更是不感興趣。[知識拓展](1)beenthusiasticabout 對某事熱心beenthusiastictodosth. 喜歡做某事(2)enthusiasmn. 熱情；熱心；熱衷的事物[即學即練]——單句語法填空①Heisenthusiastic________bothstudyandphysicallabour.②Andasyoucansee，thechildrenwerereallyencouraged，andtheywerealsoenthusiastic________(read)allofthesebooks.③Withoutcorrectleadership，the__________(enthusiastic)ofthemassescannotbesustained.知識要點4makesense有意義；解釋得通[例]Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有當你把太陽放在那個位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能解釋得通。[知識拓展]makesenseof... 弄懂……的意思makenosense 無意義inasense 在某種意義上innosense 決不；決非(位于句首時，句子用部分倒裝)there'snosenseindoingsth. 做……是沒有道理/作用的[即學即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Ican'tmakesense________thispoem，butperhapsIwill，ifIreaditagain.②In________sense，hissuggestionisverypractical.③Planningsofarahead______________—somanythingswillchange.那么早計劃是沒有意義的——那么多事情會發(fā)生變化。[名師點津]makesense的主語常是“物”，而makesenseof的主語常是“人”。知識要點5injuryn．傷，損害[例]Theinjurytotheirkeyplayercouldbeadecisivefactorinthegame.他們主力隊員受傷可能是這場比賽勝負的決定性因素。[知識拓展](1)dosb.aninjury 傷害某人doaninjurytosb. 傷害某人(2)injurev. 傷害，損害injuredadj. 受傷的[即學即練]——單句語法填空①Smokingdoesaninjury________health.②The________(injure)manmountedhishorsewithdifficulty.知識要點6appreciatevt.欣賞；賞識[例]Iappreciateyourhelpverymuch.我非常感謝你的幫助。[知識拓展](1)appreciate(one's)doingsth. 感激(某人)做某事Iwouldappreciateitif... 如果……我將不勝感激(2)appreciationn. 欣賞；鑒別；感激[即學即練]——單句語法填空①Ireallyappreciateyour______(think)highlyofmywork.②Iwouldappreciate________ifyoucouldgivemesomeadviceonhowtosolvetheseproblems.③Wewouldappreciateyou________(let)usknowofanyproblems.[名師點津]appreciate用法需注意的兩點：(1)appreciate后接動名詞，而不可用不定式作賓語，且不能以“人”作賓語。(2)appreciate后面若跟when/if引導的從句作賓語時，從句前應用it作形式賓語。類似用法的動詞還有hate，love，like，dislike等。知識要點7hungern．饑餓，饑荒[例]Aroundfiftypeopledieofhungereverydayinthecamp.集中營里每天大約有五十人餓死。[知識拓展](1)haveahungerfor 渴望……dieofhunger 死于饑餓(2)hungertodosth. 渴望做某事hungerfor/aftersth. 渴望得到某物(3)hungryadj. 饑餓的；挨餓的[即學即練]——單句語法填空①Idon'tknowabouttherestofyou，butI'm________(hunger)．②Shehungered________somecontactoutsideherowncircumscribedworld.③NewZealandersarestilllearning，stillhaveahunger________answersandarestillonthejourneytodiscoveringtheirownidentity.知識要點8geton發(fā)跡；出人頭地[例]Sheisambitiousandeagertogeton.她雄心勃勃，迫切地想出人頭地。[知識拓展]getalong/onwith 進展；相處getinto 染上(壞習慣)，陷入getacross 通過；被傳達；被理解getover 克服，從……中恢復過來getthrough 接通；完成；通過；渡過getdownto 記下；開始getawaywith 干(壞事)而未受懲罰[即學即練]——完成句子①Thismistakewill____________difficulties.這一錯誤將使他陷入困境。②Don'tattempttocheat—you'llnever____________it.別想著作弊——對作弊者會嚴懲不貸。③Asmilecanhelpus________difficultsituationsandfindfriendsinaworldofstrangers.微笑可以幫助我們渡過難關，在陌生人中找到朋友。④It'simpossible________________him.根本無法跟他相處。知識要點9dropout退出，脫離；輟學[例]Thewindowwasopen，andthepotjustdroppedout.窗戶開著，花盆就掉了出去。[知識拓展]dropback/behind 落后，被拋在后面dropin 順便拜訪dropinto 順便進入(某處)，隨意到(某處)看看dropoff 不知不覺睡著[即學即練]——完成句子①Theywouldunexpectedly________onus.他們會突然順道來訪。②Thecoltwasstrugglingtostaywiththepaceandstartedto________________．那匹小馬奮力要跟上，但還是開始落后了。③Struggleasshemight，shekept____________．盡管她拼命掙扎，還是不停地打瞌睡。重點句式1whenever引導讓步狀語從句(教材P31)Wheneverhehadmorethantwothousanddollars，hewouldgiveawaysmallbanknotestohomelesspeopleinthestreetsoflocalareas.只要他有兩千多美元，他就會把小面額的鈔票送給當地街道上無家可歸的人。[句式分析]本句中Wheneverhehadmorethantwothousanddollars是讓步狀語從句，其中Whenever相當于nomatterwhen。[例1]Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties，theycametohelpus.每當我們遇到困難時，他們總來幫助我們。[例2]Giveusacallwheneveryouneedourservice.什么時候需要我們的服務，打個電話就行。[知識拓展](1)“疑問代詞＋ever”可引導兩種類型的從句，即讓步狀語從句和名詞性從句。引導狀語從句時相當于“nomatter＋疑問代詞”。(2)“nomatter＋疑問代詞”只能引導讓步狀語從句。[即學即練]——單句語法填空①________happened，hewouldn'tsayaword.②__________dictionaryyou(may)take，youwillhavetopayatleast20dollars.③Youmayinvite________youlike.重點句式2make復合賓語結構(教材P31)JasonHarleydecidedtodropoutofthiskindoflifestyle，andhediscoveredthathavingonlyalittlemoneymadehimfree．詹森·哈利決定放棄這種生活方式，他發(fā)現只擁有少量金錢使他獲得了自由。[句式分析]句中madehimfree為make＋賓語＋形容詞(作賓語補足語)的復合賓語結構。[例1]ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwastorealizeourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.但是我樂于幫忙，因為我知道，這是為了實現我們黑人和白人平等的夢想。[例2]Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier，nottomakeitmoredifficult.新技術的目的是使生活變得更加容易，而不是變得更加困難。[知識拓展]make作使役動詞，意思是“使成為，使作為，使變成”，其后的復合賓語(即賓語＋賓語補足語)有以下表達方式：(1)make＋賓語＋名詞(作賓語補足語)(2)make＋賓語＋不帶to的不定式(作賓語補足語)(3)make＋賓語＋形容詞(作賓語補足語)(4)make＋賓語＋過去分詞(作賓語補足語)(5)make＋賓語＋介詞短語(作賓語補足語)(6)make＋賓語＋從句(作賓語補足語)(7)make＋形式賓語it＋形容詞或名詞(作賓語補足語)＋帶to的不定式(作真正的賓語)(8)make＋形式賓語it＋形容詞或名詞(作賓語補足語)＋從句(作真正的賓語)[即學即練]——完成句子①Mostpopsingers________________．大多數流行歌手把音樂當作他們的職業(yè)。②Nobody________________atacertaintime.沒有人讓我們在某一固定時間就寢。③Theteacherraisedhisvoicesothathecould________________.那個老師提高了嗓門以便別人能聽到他。④Wewillsoon________________________．我們不久就要把我們的學校發(fā)展成你們學校目前的樣子。⑤Everyoneshould________________andgetupearly.人人都應該養(yǎng)成早睡早起的習慣。⑥Theywantto________________thattheydoanimportantandnecessaryjob.他們要向公眾表明，他們所做的工作是重要的，是必不可少的。1．Somecontinuetoworryaboutmoneywhentheybecomemillionaires—theyworkedhardtobecomewealthy，butthentheyneedtocontinuemakingmoneysotheydon'tlosethesenseofsuccesstheyhaveachieved.[分析]句中________連接表示轉折關系的并列句；________連接表示因果關系的并列句；whentheybecomemillionaires為________引導的時間狀語從句；theyhaveachieved為省略that/which的定語從句，修飾先行詞________________。[翻譯]有些人在成為百萬富翁后仍然擔心錢的問題——他們努力工作成為富人，但之后他們需要繼續(xù)賺錢，這樣他們就不會失去已經獲得的成功感。2．Hewastiredofbeingregardedaslivingasuccessfullife，asapersonwhohadeverythingwhilemanypeoplehadnothing.[分析]句中________引導表示對比關系的并列句；第一個分句中whohadeverything為定語從句，修飾先行詞__________。[翻譯]他厭倦了被認為是一個擁有一切的人，過著成功的生活，而許多人卻一無所有。教材高考1.enthusiasticandambitious(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader，sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.2.ButJasonappreciatesthischange.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn'talotoffoodserved.3....Iwasamillionaire，butIknewmillionsofpeoplediedofhungereveryyear...(2020·天津卷)Forthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet，soundcannowcreatesilence.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．____________Ivisitedhim，hewasalwaysbusyworking.2．Theheavyrainmade________impossibleforustogoout.3．NexttimeyouareinGuangzhou，pleasedropin________me.4．Leonidas'familyhadbeenpoor，hewent________(hunger)foryears.5．Andwhatisthekeytoexpressinggratitudeand________(appreciate)?6．The________(injure)captain，lyinginthebowoftheboat，saidnothing.7．Thereisnosensein________(worry)aboutsuchathing.8．Hewantstomakesurethatschoolsarecommittedto________(provide)alternativeeducation.9．Therewasanexpressionoffierce____________(determine)onherface.10．Buthesaidheiswillingtobepatientandheremainsoptimistic________thefuture.Ⅱ.短語填空geton；dropout；makesense；turnone'sbackon；giveaway；betiredof1．She____________allherfurniturewhenshewentabroad.2．He________________hiswifewhenhebecamefamous.3．Politicsisseenasaman'sworld.Itisverydifficultforwomento________．4．They____________thedoctorairinghisknowledge.5．I____________ofhighschool.Itboredmetodeath.6．Ididn'tknowwhathewastalkingabout.Itdidn't____________．Ⅲ.課文語法填空Therearecertainlynosigns1.________Jasonisarichandsuccessfulman!However，sixteenyearsago，Jasonwas2.________collegeprofessorwithafortuneoftwomilliondollars.Todayhe3.________(live)inasmalldormitoryroomwithonlysecond-handfurniture.Hegetshisthingsfromcharityshops.ButJasonispleased4.________(give)upthelifestyleofarichman.Hegaveawayallhismoneyto5.________(charity)．Andthisbroughthim6.________(happy)andasenseofsuccessinlife.Wheneverhehadmorethantwothousanddollars，hewouldgiveawaysmallbanknotesto7.________(home)peopleinthestreetsoflocalareas.Hethinkshissenseofachievementcomesfromhelpingothersand8.________(find)truemeaninginlife.Mostpeoplebelievewhentheyareliving9.________(comfortable)andearningenoughmoney，theywillhavenoworries.However，mostpeopleneverfeeltheyhaveearnedenough.JasonHarleysaid，“Successisnotmeasuredbyhowmuchmoneyyouhave10.________byhowyouunderstandthetruemeaningoflife.”動名詞[觀察例句]1．FightingbrokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.2．Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle，please?3．Sheiswashing，cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.4．DoyouobjecttoLiPing'sjoiningthephysicsgroup?5．Mywalkingstickisthesamelengthasyours.[歸納用法]一、動名詞的作用動名詞具有名詞的性質，因此在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語等。1．作主語(1)動名詞作主語往往表示經常性、習慣性的動作，謂語動詞用單數。Swimmingismyfavouritesport.游泳是我最喜歡的一項運動。Collectingstampsishishobby.集郵是他的愛好。[名師點津]動名詞和不定式都可以作主語，動名詞作主語表示一般或抽象的多次性行為，不定式作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動作。作賓語時的情況也是如此。Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火危險。(泛指)Becareful！Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.小心點！玩火會帶來危險。(指一具體動作)(2)在Itisnouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/awasteoftime/fun等后需用動名詞作真正的主語。It'snousewaitingforhimanylonger.再等他是沒有用的。It'sawasteoftimearguingaboutit.爭論此事是浪費時間。(3)當句型“Thereisno...”表示“不允許、禁止某種行為的發(fā)生或存在”時，需用動名詞作主語。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.這種事開不得玩笑。2．作賓語(1)作動詞的賓語?？山觿用~作賓語的常見動詞可用下面的口訣記?。罕苊忮e過少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)建議完成多練習(advise，finish，practise)喜歡想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，can'thelp)承認否定與嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)逃避冒險莫原諒(escape，risk，excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意打開窗子嗎？(2)英語中有一些動詞短語也常跟動名詞作賓語。常見的跟動名詞作賓語的動詞短語有insiston，objectto，begoodat，leadto，putoff，giveup，lookforwardto，feellike，devoteto，getusedto，payattentionto，beworth等。Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.他堅持要按照自己的方法做。Ihaveneverlookedforwardtovisitingthatplace.我從未盼望過要參觀那個地方。(3)有些動詞或詞組后跟動名詞或不定式都可以，但意思不同。stoptodosth.停下來去做某事mean