as與which引導的定語從句及定語從句關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別學案

as與which引導的定語從句及定語從句關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別適用學科英語適用年級高三適用區(qū)域適用版本區(qū)域課時時長（分鐘）60分鐘知識點as與which引導的定語從句只能用which引導的定語從句定語從句與狀語從句的區(qū)別定語從句的強調(diào)句型學習目標知識：1、掌握定語從句中非限制性定語從句的使用。2、能準確使用關(guān)系詞解答定語從句的相關(guān)問題。方法：要總結(jié)、熟記一些關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的使用；要學會在實際中靈活運用。能力：1、能正確運用關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在各類定語從句中。2、掌握并會分析句子成分，從而熟練解題。學習重點1.繼續(xù)探討關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語從句中的應用2.通過對相似句型的比較及句子成分的分析，在一些特殊情況下，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞如何進行選擇學習難點as引導的非限制性定語從句；定語從句中需要注意的特例。學習過程復習預習1.關(guān)系代詞的種類：關(guān)系代詞:that,which,who,whose,關(guān)系副詞:when,where,why2.Hetalkedabouttheschooslandtheteachers_______hehadvisited.A.that

B.which

C.whoD.whom3.Hetalkedabouttheschooslandtheteachers_______hehadvisited.A.that

B.which

C.whoD.whom4.Thelosttheirwayintheforest,_______mademattersworse.A.that

B.which

C.whereD.when5.Thisisthehousewherehehaslivedfor20years.6.Thisisthehousethathehaslivedinfor20years.二、知識講解知識點1：非限制性定語從句關(guān)系代詞在非限定性定語從句中的用法。指人做主語用who,作賓語用whom，指地點用where，指時間when，指物只用which，不能用that，作定語用whose。e.g.Hedidn’tseethefilm,wasveryinteresting.(不用that)as引導的非限制性定語從句as可以像which一樣引導非限制性定語從句，用來代表整個句子的內(nèi)容，它的先行詞可以是名詞，也可以是不定式短語或整個句子。as在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。此外，有些as引導的定語從句已成為固定用法，如：AsweknowAshasbeensaidbefore如上所述AsisknowntoallAsisoftenthecase像通常那樣AsisreportedAswasexpected正如預料的那樣Eg：Sheisverycareful,asherworkshows.Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.Asisoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.重點比較as和which引導的非限制性定語從句的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別as和which都可以代替整個句子，當定語從句置于主句之后時，as和which可以和互換。Eg：Hedidn’ttellmeanynews,as/whichupsetme.Which引導的從句，代表的前面的整個主句時，不能放在主句之前。而as引導的定語從句，代表整個主句時，可以放在主句之前或之后，有時也可以放在主語和謂語之間。Eg：Asisreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.=Talksbetweenthetwocountries,asisreportedinthenewspapers,aremakingprogress.as與that的區(qū)別As引導的定語從句表示它的內(nèi)容與主句所講的內(nèi)容相似，即指同類事物；that引導定語從句表示的內(nèi)容與主句相同，即為同一事物。e.g.ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.這正是我昨天丟的鋼筆。ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.這正像我昨天丟的鋼筆。5.such….as和thesame…as的用法such….as：像….一樣的，像…..之類；thesame…as：和…..同樣的在這兩個句型中，as是關(guān)系代詞，such和same作定語，修飾主語里的某個名詞（或代詞），這個名詞是由as引導的定語從句的先行詞，as在從句中可擔任主語、賓語或表語。eg：Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsareusedintheirfactory.(在從句中作主語)Iseldomgivemystudentssuchadifficultproblemtheycannotworkout.（在從句中作賓語）Theresultisnotthesametheyhadexpected.(在從句中作賓語)thesame…as…和thesame…that…的用法區(qū)別thesame…as…:和…..相同（代指同類事物）；thesame…that…：和….相同（代指同一事物）兩者都引導定語從句。as從句中說明的名詞與thesame修飾的名詞是同一類，而非同一個。that從句中說明的名詞與thesame修飾的名詞是同一個。eg：Heisreadingthesamebookyouboughtyesterday.Heisreadingthesamebookyouboughtyesterday.ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.=ThisisthepenIlost.(指同一支筆)Thisisthesame(kind/type/sort)ofpenIlost.（指同類型的筆，但并不是我丟失的那一支）知識點2：同位語從句與定語從句區(qū)別同位語從句和定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)相似，通常位于某一名詞或代詞之后，但兩者存在明顯區(qū)別：同為語從句：其對名詞性成分加以補充說明，是該名詞性成分具體內(nèi)容的體現(xiàn)（相當于名詞的作用）。that引導的同位語從句中引導詞that不在該同位語從句中充當成分，但不能被省略，同位語從句還可以用whether,how等連詞引導（定語從句則不能）。定語從句:對先行詞加以限制或修飾，說明先行詞的性質(zhì)或特征（相當于一個形容詞的作用），定語從句的引導詞均在該定語從句中充當成分（that在其引導的限定性定語從句中充當主語，賓語或表語，充當定語從句的賓語，that可以省略）注意體會一下三組例句.第一組1)Wecan’tsolvetheproblemwecantravelfasterthanlight.我們解決不了如何才能超過光的速度這個問題。2)Ican’tremembertheproblemtheyhave.我記不得他們的問題了。第二組1）Iwon’tbelievethefactheliedtohismother.我不愿相信他對他母親撒謊的事實2）Iwon’tbelievethefacthetoldme.我不愿相信他告訴我的事實。第三組1)ThenewsTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。2)ThenewshetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.他告訴我的消息是湯姆來年將出國。知識點3：定語從句中的主謂一致問題1.I,whoyourfriend,willhelpyou.2.Thestudentwhoplayingbasketballismyclassmate.TheonlyoneTheoneof+c/npl.定從+單三Oneof+c/npl.定從+復數(shù)1.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohard.2.Heisoneofthestudentswhohard.知識點4：插入語問題1.IthinkyoushouldringTom,(I’mafraid)willnotcome.2.Heboughtacoat,(Ithink)isveryexpensive.知識點5：分隔式定語從句----找準先行詞Daysaregonewecouldswiminthecleverrivernearourhouse.Thereisamanoutsidethedoorwantstoseeyou.知識點6：關(guān)系代詞與人稱代詞<he,him,them>指示代詞<this,that,…>的轉(zhuǎn)換Hehasthreesons,allofaredoctors.Hehasthreesons,andallofaredoctors.Hefailedintheexam,madehismotherangry.Hefailedintheexam,andmadehismotherangry.有并列連詞and,but,so選人稱代詞，無并列連詞選關(guān)系代詞知識點7：先行詞+關(guān)系詞=whatHeisnolongerheusedtobe.

Heisnolongerheusedtobe知識點8：定語從句與地點狀語從句Pleaseputthebookwhereyoucanfinditeasily地點狀語從句Pleaseputthebookintheplacewhereyoucanfinditeasily.(inwhich)知識點9：定語從句與強調(diào)句Itis+名詞that（which）定從Itis+介詞+名詞that從句（強調(diào)句）e.g.thathewasborninwhich…..定語從句ItistheplaceinwhichWherehewasbornItisintheplacethathewasborn.強調(diào)句知識點10：當先行詞是way，表示方式方法時，引導詞可用inwhich，that，that可省略。ThisisthewayinwhichthatIstudyEnglish.Idon’tlikethewayyoutreather.Idon’tlikethewayyoutoldme.考點/易錯點1定從與what引導的名詞性從句的轉(zhuǎn)換Pleasetellmeeverythingthat/空格youknow.Pleasetellmewhatyouknow.賓從Pleasetellmewhathashappened.考點/易錯點2定語從句與強調(diào)句Itis+名詞that（which）定從Itis+介詞+名詞that從句（強調(diào)句）e.g.thathewasborninwhich…..定語從句ItistheplaceinwhichWherehewasbornItisintheplacethathewasborn.強調(diào)句考點/易錯點3抽象地點名詞Stage,occasion,point,case,activity…這類詞做先行詞如果缺狀語wheree.g.Icanthinkofmanycaseswheredriversknowtrafficrulesbutdon’tfollowthem.Wehavereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.Lifeislikealongrace______wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.AwhichBthatC/Dwhere.三、例題精析【例題1】【題干】Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.

A.itB.thatC.whichD.he

【答案】C【解析】此為非限定性從句，不能用that修飾，而用which.，it和he都使后句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通?！纠}2】【題干】Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich【答案】C【解析】因為是twoballpens,并且定語從句的謂語writes是單數(shù)概念。因此，C是正確選項。考查定語從句。根據(jù)后面的時間短語atthatmoment可知occasion指時間，故要使用關(guān)系副詞when，相當于atwhichtime.【例題3】【題干】_______isoftenthecasewithelderpeople,mygrandma,talkedaboutmynewhairstyleforatleast50minutesnonstop.

A.That

B.Which

C.As

D.It

【答案】C【解析】解析：as引導的非限制性定語從句四、課堂運用【基礎(chǔ)】1.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.A.thatB.whichC.itD.though2.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whose3.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it4.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that5.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what【鞏固】6.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which7.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked8.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked9.Heisn'tsuchaman______