備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)（新高考專(zhuān)用）考點(diǎn) 32-閱讀理解記敘文（重難題型）（解析版）

考點(diǎn)32 閱讀理解記敘文（重難題型）記敘文類(lèi)文章描述的是一件具體事情的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結(jié)局，通常有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過(guò)為主線(xiàn)敘述的，在敘述的過(guò)程中有詳有略；有些文章是按時(shí)間的順序敘述的，有順敘、倒敘等。從總體上來(lái)講，文章的難度通常不大，在閱讀過(guò)程中，我們一直在某個(gè)線(xiàn)索的引導(dǎo)下，隨著作者的思路去了解一個(gè)故事或一件事情的始末，因此會(huì)感到比較輕松。命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的意圖和態(tài)度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查學(xué)生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的辨認(rèn)能力以及推理判斷能力。閱讀此類(lèi)文章應(yīng)特別注意：（1）若是一般故事性文章，應(yīng)讀懂故事的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、高潮和結(jié)局；（2）若是＂哲理故事＂，要理解故事所蘊(yùn)含的哲理意義；（3）若是＂逸聞趣事＂，應(yīng)體會(huì)對(duì)話(huà)的風(fēng)趣性，進(jìn)而才能感受幽默的精髓。二、命題方式考向一細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)理解一篇文章必然是由許多具體的細(xì)節(jié)、具體的內(nèi)容構(gòu)成的，所有這些信息以某種順序（時(shí)間、空間、情感變化等）排列起來(lái)，來(lái)進(jìn)一步解釋或闡釋主題，體現(xiàn)文章的主旨大意。細(xì)節(jié)理解題目主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的理解能力，屬于表層理解題范疇，難度較小，但在整個(gè)閱讀理解題中所占比例最大，細(xì)節(jié)理解題多從文章的某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)出發(fā)來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)題目。此類(lèi)題通常根據(jù)文章具體內(nèi)容來(lái)設(shè)問(wèn)，也常使用下列方式來(lái)提問(wèn)：1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)true/correct?2.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?3.Allofthefollowingaretrueexcept...4.Accordingtothepassage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？1.直接事實(shí)題在解答這類(lèi)問(wèn)題時(shí)要求學(xué)生抓住題干文字信息，采用針對(duì)性方法進(jìn)行閱讀，因?yàn)檫@類(lèi)題的答案在文章中可以直接找到。2.間接事實(shí)題解答此類(lèi)題，需要結(jié)合上下文提供的語(yǔ)境和信息進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的概括和判斷或者要進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算。3.數(shù)據(jù)推算。IfyouregisterboththeVIEWqualificationcourseandtheForumatthesametime,youwillsave_______.A.$100 B.$300 C.$350 D.$400這類(lèi)題目要求學(xué)生就文章提供的數(shù)據(jù)，以及數(shù)據(jù)與文中其他信息的關(guān)系做簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算和推斷。在做此類(lèi)題時(shí)：1.要抓住并正確理解與數(shù)據(jù)有關(guān)的信息含義。2.弄清眾多信息中那些屬于有用信息，那些屬于干擾信息。3.不要孤立看待數(shù)字信息，而要抓住一些關(guān)鍵用語(yǔ)的意義?？枷蚨黝}理解或?qū)懽饕鈭D推斷一、主旨閱讀理解題考查的內(nèi)容1.短文的標(biāo)題（title,headline）；2.短文或段落的主題（subject）；3.中心思想(mainidea)；4.作者的寫(xiě)作目的(purpose)。二、此類(lèi)題的設(shè)問(wèn)方式1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?2.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlydiscuss?3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?4.Themainpurposeofannouncingtheaboveeventsis__________.考向三推理推斷推理題要求考生根據(jù)文章提供的事實(shí)和線(xiàn)索進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒(méi)有提到或者沒(méi)有明說(shuō)的事實(shí)或者可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)。這類(lèi)題旨在考查學(xué)生透過(guò)詞語(yǔ)的字面意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，屬于深層理解題。此類(lèi)題的設(shè)問(wèn)常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude等詞，這類(lèi)題的設(shè)問(wèn)方式主要有：1.WecaninferfromthePassagethat__________.2.WhatcanbeinferredfromthePassage?3.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthePassage?4.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that__________.5.Theauthorsuggestsinthisparagraphthat__________.6.Thewriterimpliesthat__________.7.Itcanbeinferredthat__________.8.ItcanbeconcludedfromthePassagethat__________.9.Onthewhole,wecanconcludethat__________.10.Fromthetextwecanconcludethat__________.11.AfterreadingthePassagewemayconcludethat__________.12.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthePassage?13.Theauthorisinclinedtothinkthat__________.14.Whenthewritertalksabout,whathereallymeansisthat__________.15.What’sthewriter’sattitude/feelingtowards...?16.Inthewriter’sopinion,...考向四詞義、句義猜測(cè)。詞義猜測(cè)閱讀理解題考查對(duì)文中關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)的理解。在閱讀理解題中，所考查的詞或短語(yǔ)的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷。此類(lèi)題的設(shè)問(wèn)方式主要有1.Theword＂...＂inLine...means/canbereplacedby...2.Asusedinthepassage,thephrase＂...＂suggests...3.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword/phrase＂...＂is/referredto...4.Theword＂...＂isclosestinmeaningto...猜詞是應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)的重要能力，也是高考中常用的題型。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)＂順藤摸瓜＂，通過(guò)構(gòu)詞、語(yǔ)法、定義、同位、對(duì)比、因果、常識(shí)、上下文等線(xiàn)索確定詞義。1.定義法。如：Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.句子給予annealing以明確的定義，即＂退火＂。Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.從后面的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle是＂脆＂的意思。Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.定語(yǔ)從句中l(wèi)ooksaftersheep就表明了herdsman的詞義為＂牧人＂。2.同位法。如：Theytraveledalongwayandatlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.同位語(yǔ)部分alargebuildinginoldtimes給出了castle的確切詞義，即＂城堡＂。Weareonthenightshift—frommidnightto8A.m.—thisweek.兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間的短語(yǔ)很清楚地表明nightshift是＂夜班＂的意思。3.對(duì)比法。如：Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.but一詞表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是＂她今天第一節(jié)上了一半才來(lái)＂，因此反向推理，可得出她平時(shí)一向＂準(zhǔn)時(shí)＂的結(jié)論。4.構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等)。如：Perhaps,wecanseesomepossibilitiesfornextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundred?possibility是possible的同根名詞，據(jù)此可以判斷定possibility意思是＂可能性＂。5.因果法。如：Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.從后面的結(jié)果＂永遠(yuǎn)不能再運(yùn)動(dòng)＂中，可以推測(cè)permanent的意思為＂永遠(yuǎn)的，永久＂?！窘忸}技巧】高考閱讀理解體裁紛繁多樣，但每套試卷通常包含一到兩篇記敘文。在所有的閱讀體裁中，記敘文的難度相對(duì)是比較低的。如果掌握了閱讀的技巧，多多實(shí)踐，閱讀能力就有可能大大提高。要熟練掌握記敘文的閱讀技巧，了解記敘文的寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn)與命題特點(diǎn)也是有必要的。一、記敘文寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn)記敘文是一種記載和敘述事件由來(lái)，描繪事物和人物情景狀態(tài)、過(guò)程及發(fā)展的文體。消息、通訊、傳記、游記、小說(shuō)、童話(huà)、寓言以及記敘性的散文等文體，都屬于記敘文的范疇。就寫(xiě)作順序而言，記敘文要么是按時(shí)間順序，要么是按事件的重要性的順序來(lái)展開(kāi)。不管是哪種敘述方法，最后經(jīng)常會(huì)有一兩句話(huà)抒發(fā)作者的情緒與感悟，這是記敘文的精華所在，也是閱讀的難點(diǎn)所在，可謂＂一篇之妙，在于落句＂。二、記敘文命題特點(diǎn)從命題形式上看，常見(jiàn)的有細(xì)節(jié)理解、詞義猜測(cè)、主旨大意、推理判斷、作者意圖等題型。除了推論或詞義辨識(shí)題，記敘文命題的順序一般都會(huì)按照文章的脈絡(luò)和故事發(fā)展的順序?qū)訉油七M(jìn)，否則就會(huì)覺(jué)得別扭，邏輯不通。同時(shí)，記敘文需要事件的發(fā)展過(guò)程作支撐，一半以上的題目都會(huì)用來(lái)檢測(cè)考生對(duì)故事的了解，因此，我們必須弄明白整件事情的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)。而其余像主旨大意、作者意圖之類(lèi)的題目，則取決于文章的落句，集中考查對(duì)作者所發(fā)的感觸的理解?？傊?xì)節(jié)題是記敘文命題的主流題型。而寓意之類(lèi)的題則是高一層次的題，有一定的難度和區(qū)分度，它們是拉開(kāi)距離的題，答對(duì)了這些題，你才有可能成功地躋身高分之列。綜上所述，記敘文的應(yīng)對(duì)策略即：不漏細(xì)節(jié)，奠定基礎(chǔ)；把準(zhǔn)寓意，方能成功。三、記敘文答題技巧一把鑰匙開(kāi)一把鎖。要解答好記敘文閱讀理解題，就應(yīng)該有一套針對(duì)性強(qiáng)的方法和技巧。下面是我們?cè)陂喿x教學(xué)中積累下來(lái)的一點(diǎn)心得體會(huì)，希望能對(duì)大家有所幫助。No.1順藤摸瓜記敘文中有大量的事件發(fā)展過(guò)程中的細(xì)節(jié)，包括記敘文的5W（what,who,when,where,why）要素。因此我們作答細(xì)節(jié)題的時(shí)候，就沒(méi)有那么復(fù)雜，一般只需要由前到后，從上到下，一題一題地做就可以了。No.2左顧右盼在做題過(guò)程中，我們大都不能在文中找到與題干一字不差的詞語(yǔ)或句子。這時(shí)我們需要認(rèn)真研究問(wèn)題，抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，然后到文中準(zhǔn)確地找到與之相關(guān)的語(yǔ)句，或是疑似語(yǔ)句的位置，接著去左顧，或右盼，在前句或后句尋找線(xiàn)索。No.3刨根問(wèn)底如前所述，主旨大意題或推理判斷、作者意圖題等實(shí)際上是同一類(lèi)型的問(wèn)題，或者說(shuō)是可用同種方法解答的題型。在解答此類(lèi)題目的時(shí)候，不可被題干的表象所迷惑，要像剝洋蔥一樣，一層一層地剝；在四個(gè)可選項(xiàng)中，一個(gè)一個(gè)地去證實(shí)，去排除。特別是解答推論或暗指類(lèi)的題目，比如＂Whatcanbeinferredfrom…?＂或是Whatdoestheauthorimplyin…?＂之類(lèi)的題目，文中所陳述的往往不是答案。我們要在文前文后去查找，在字里行間里去尋覓。有時(shí)還少不了借助自己的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常理來(lái)體會(huì)這言外之意。No.4撥云見(jiàn)日每年的高考閱讀題中，特別是記敘文的閱讀題，都會(huì)出現(xiàn)一至兩道詞義猜測(cè)題。而這些詞匯往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有點(diǎn)頭之交，在文中卻另有新意的，總之，猜的是那些在高考詞匯表要求之外的詞匯。小小的一個(gè)詞，一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，考核的不是你的語(yǔ)法的熟練程度，也不是你的記憶力，而是你對(duì)文章通篇或者一個(gè)段落的整體把握和變通能力。這時(shí)，你不僅需要＂左顧右盼＂，還需要在幾句話(huà)，一個(gè)段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行間中快速搜尋，看看前面、后面都發(fā)生了些什么；反復(fù)琢磨人物、事物，或者人物與事物之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，才可能在最后撥開(kāi)團(tuán)團(tuán)迷霧，從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出正確答案。Passage1（2022·山東·濟(jì)南市歷城第二中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè)）WangJiapeng,41,isaninspirationalfigurewhokeepsencouragingpeopletobethearchitectoftheirownlife.In1993,asaresultofanaircrash,hewasparalyzedfromthewaistdownandhehadtoundergofiveyearsofrehabilitation(康復(fù)).ButWangneverceasedexploringthepossibilitiesofhisbody.Thewinterof1998sawthe17-year-oldregainsomethingthathethoughthehadlostforever——theexhilarationofskiingonasnow-coveredslope,abouttwokilometerslongwithadropofhundredsofmeters.Aftertwoweeksofintensetraining,inMarch1999,WangparticipatedintheRidderrennet,ortheKnight’sRace——anannualcross-countryskiraceforthevisuallyandphysicallychallenged——heldinNorway.Hewontwogoldmedals.Dreamingofgoingbacktoschool,Wangtaughthimselfattherehabilitationcenter,despitehisdemandingphysicalschedule.Toimprovehismemory,whichwasalsodamagedbyabraininjurycausedbytheaccident,herecitedEnglishwordsrepeatedlyuntilhecouldrememberthembyheart.Withextraordinaryperseveranceandsolidfaithinhimself,hepassedtheexamandwenttoNorwaytoattendUWCRedCrossNordic,alife-changingexperienceasheputit,beforecompletinghisundergraduateandpostgraduatestudiesineconomicsattheUniversityofOslo.There,hedevelopedanotherdream,thatofsettingupaUWCschoolontheChinesemainlandtointroduceaninclusive,interculturallearningenvironmentandpromotemutualunderstandingbetweenyoungstersfromvariouscultures.Sofar,theschoolhaswelcomedmorethan1,700studentsandgraduatesfrom124countriesandregions.Ithadprovidedatotalscholarshipof280millionyuan($44million)foraround700studentsby2021,includingthosewithphysicalchallengesorfromdisadvantagedbackgrounds.“Loveandeducationaretwopowerfulforcesinthisworld.Tome,theycanremovethephysicalandpsychologicalbarriersinlife,”Wangsays.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exhilaration”inparagraph3mean？A．Excitement. B．Fear. C．Satisfaction. D．Boredom.2．WhathappenedwhenWangJiapengwas12yearsold?A．Hebegantopracticeskiingagain. B．Hecompletedpostgraduatestudies.C．HeparticipatedintheRidderrennet. D．Hemetwithanaircrash.3．WhatcanweknowabouttheUWCschoolWangJiapengsetup?A．Itwassetupwhenhewasatuniversity.B．ItpromotesunderstandingbetweenyouthfromNorway.C．Itattractsstudentsfromalmostallaroundtheworld.D．Itonlywelcomesthosewithphysicalchallenges.4．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Wherethereisawill,thereisaway. B．Educationisthekeytosuccess.C．Rosepresented,smellremains. D．Upsanddownsmakeonestrong.【解析】本文屬于記敘文。王嘉鵬12歲時(shí)空難中幸存，受了重傷。但生活的重?fù)舨荒茏钃跛斑M(jìn)的腳步，5年后勇奪滑雪冠軍，還自學(xué)考入名校，在中國(guó)創(chuàng)建了一所UWC學(xué)校。1.【答案】A【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thewinterof1998sawthe17-year-oldregainsomethingthathethoughthehadlostforever——theexhilarationofskiingonasnow-coveredslope,abouttwokilometerslongwithadropofhundredsofmeters.(1998年的冬天，這位17歲的少年重拾了他以為已經(jīng)永遠(yuǎn)失去的東西——在積雪覆蓋的山坡上滑雪的exhilaration，山坡長(zhǎng)約兩公里，落差數(shù)百米)”根據(jù)在山坡長(zhǎng)約兩公里，落差數(shù)百米的山坡上滑雪，可知這是很興奮的事，即劃線(xiàn)詞意為“興奮”與excitement同義。故選A項(xiàng)。2.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thewinterof1998sawthe17-year-oldregainsomethingthathethoughthehadlostforever(1998年的冬天，這位17歲的少年重拾了他以為已經(jīng)永遠(yuǎn)失去的東西)”可知，1998年他是17歲可推知12歲時(shí)是1993年，通過(guò)第二段“In1993,asaresultofanaircrash,hewasparalyzedfromthewaistdownandhehadtoundergofiveyearsofrehabilitation.(1993年，由于一次空難，他腰部以下癱瘓，必須接受5年的康復(fù)治療)”可知，1993年的時(shí)候他遇見(jiàn)了空難。即王嘉鵬12歲遭遇了空難。故選D項(xiàng)。3.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Sofar,theschoolhaswelcomedmorethan1,700studentsandgraduatesfrom124countriesandregions.(目前，學(xué)院已接待了來(lái)自124個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的1700多名學(xué)生和畢業(yè)生)”可知，學(xué)院吸引了幾乎來(lái)自世界各地的學(xué)生。故選C項(xiàng)。4.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章講述了王嘉鵬12歲時(shí)空難中幸存，受了重傷。但生活的重?fù)舨荒茏钃跛斑M(jìn)的腳步，5年后勇奪滑雪冠軍，還自學(xué)考入名校，在中國(guó)創(chuàng)建了一所UWC學(xué)校。由此推知，通過(guò)這篇文章我們學(xué)到了“有志者事竟成”這個(gè)道理。故選A項(xiàng)。Passage2（2022·上海寶山·二模）Haveyouevertriedanescaperoom?IfirstexperiencedoneinMontana,U.S.A．withmywife,Pauline.Wewenttoonetocelebrateherfather’sbirthday.Herentirefamilylovesgamesandpuzzles,sotryinganescaperoomwasaperfectactivityforus.Theroom’sthemewas“themissingscientist.”Weplayedtheroleofinvestigatingdetectives.Weenteredtheroomanddiscoveredwewere“trapped.”Wethenhadonly60minutestoescapebeforetheroom“exploded.”Wehadtosearcheverycorneroftheroomforcluesinordertogetout.Aswedid,wesolvedsimplecalculations,unscrambledcodesandfoundkeystosecretboxes.Gettingoneclueinvolvedrunningballsthroughamaze.Thattooksomeskill!Togetherwesolvedeverypuzzleandescapedwithjustafewminutestospare.PaulineandInowliveinTaipei.Wetriedourfirstescaperoomhereoverayearago.Itwassuchanamazingexperiencethatwedidtwomorealmostimmediatelyafterward.WehavebecomecompletelyhookedonTaipei’sescaperooms.EscaperoomsinTaipeiarewelldesigned.Insideone,youfeelasifyouhadjuststeppedintoastory.Itcouldbeathriller,alegendorsomethingfromsci-fi.Tricksandtechnologycompletetheillusioncreatedbytheroom’stheme.Andthere’salwaysavarietyofengagingpuzzles.Differentcompaniesofferanumberofroomstotry.Somearesuitableforjustafewfriendswhileothersarebigandrequirealargegroupofpeopletosolve.Butbewarned:Someescaperoomsareextraordinarybecausetheyareintense.Welearnedthatthehardwaywhenweinvitedalargegroupoffriendstoone.Someofthemhadnevertriedanescaperoombefore.Theywerealittlenervous,butweassuredthemthatescaperoomsarerelaxingandfun.“Theyaren’tscaryortoohighpressure,”wesaid.Well,wewerewrong.Itturnsoutsomeareabitoverthetop,butweenjoyedthat,too!Thereisnothinglikethefeelingofsolvingproblemsasateam.5．WhatwasthepurposeofthewriterandhiswifeenteringtheroominMontanaforthefirsttime?A．Totakepartinanactivity. B．Toinvestigateacaseofamissingscientist.C．Toprovetheirability. D．Tocelebratehisfather-in-law’sbirthday.6．Specifically,howmanytimeshadthewriterandhiswifeexperiencedescaperoomsmentionedinthepassage?A．1. B．2. C．3. D．4.7．Whatdoestheword“They”inboldinthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Thewriter’sfriends. B．Thecompanies.C．Escaperooms. D．Theproblems.【解析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章講述了作者玩密室逃脫的一些經(jīng)歷，對(duì)此很癡迷，并從中感受到了團(tuán)隊(duì)一起來(lái)解決問(wèn)題的樂(lè)趣。5．【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Haveyouevertriedanescaperoom?IfirstexperiencedoneinMontana,U.S.A.withmywife,Pauline.Wewenttoonetocelebrateherfather’sbirthday.(你玩過(guò)密室逃脫游戲嗎?我第一次玩密室逃脫是和我的老婆波琳在美國(guó)蒙大拿州玩的。我們?nèi)ネ媸菫榱藨c祝她父親的生日。)”可知，作者和他老婆去玩密室逃脫就是為慶祝他岳父的生日。故選D項(xiàng)。6．【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“IfirstexperiencedoneinMontana,U.S.A.withmywife,Pauline.(我第一次玩密室逃脫是和我的老婆波琳在美國(guó)蒙大拿州玩的。)”以及第三段的“PaulineandInowliveinTaipei.Wetriedourfirstescaperoomhereoverayearago.Itwassuchanamazingexperiencethatwedidtwomorealmostimmediatelyafterward.(波琳和我現(xiàn)在生活在臺(tái)北。一年前我們?cè)谶@里玩了我們的第一次密室逃脫游戲。這是一次如此奇妙的經(jīng)歷以至于之后我們又玩了兩次。)”可知，作者在美國(guó)玩了1次，然后在臺(tái)北玩了3次，因此總共玩了4次。故選D。7．【答案】C【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Someofthemhadnevertriedanescaperoombefore.Theywerealittlenervous,butweassuredthemthatescaperoomsarerelaxingandfun.(他們當(dāng)中有一些從來(lái)沒(méi)有玩過(guò)密室逃脫。他們有點(diǎn)緊張，但是我們向他們保證密室脫逃讓人放松且有趣。)”可知，我的一些朋友害怕玩密室逃脫，因此作者試圖說(shuō)服他們放寬心去玩，密室逃脫一點(diǎn)都不可怕。所以“They”指的是“密室逃脫”。故選C項(xiàng)。Passage3（2022·上海靜安·二模）Beforethebreakofdawn,Simonwasalreadystandingontheshorewatchingtheseaintenselyforanysignsofacomingstorm.Despitelearningfromtheweatherforecastthelikelihoodofaviolentstorm,hedidn’tchangehismindaboutstartinghisweeklyfishingtrip.Aftercheckingforthethirdtimethathehadbroughtwithhimwhatheneeded,Simongotontohisboatandsailedintothevastbluesea.Beforelong,hewasanchoring(固定)hisboatinthemiddleofthesea.Satisfiedwiththespot,hecasthisnet,hopingforagoodcatch.Simonthenrelaxedonthedeckandwatchedthesunrisingslowlyabovethehorizon.“Onecannevertrusttheweatherstation,”hesaid,buthehadsaidittoosoon.Atthatmoment,therewasasuddenstrikeoflightning,followedbyashoutofthunder.Theentireskywassuddenlyfilledwithdarkclouds.Waveafterwaverolledup,hittinghisboatandsendingitrockingviolentlysideways.Asenseofhopelessnessdrownedhimbutwhenimagesofhisfamilyflashedacrosshismind,heknewwhathehadtodo.Indouble-quicktime,hecutoffthefishinglinesanddumpedhisfishingequipmentintothesea.Eventually,thestormeasedandthewavesdieddown.Tomakemattersworse,theboatenginedied.Ashewasmanykilometresoffshore,theonlylikelyrescuewastobespottedbyaboat.Butwhowouldbeoutatseainsuchhorribleweatherexcepthim?ThatmadeSimonregrethisearlierdecisionagain.Exhausted,Simonsoondriftedofftosleep.Whenheawoke,thesunhadalreadyrisen.Simonhadlosttrackoftimeandlocation.Sighing,hestoodonthedeck,staringouthopefully.Thenhespottedit.Hedivedintothewaterandswamtowardstheislandafewmetresaheadofhim.WhenSimonreachedland,hewastooweaktostandonhislegs.Fortunately,akind-heartedmanhelpedhimupandcontactedhisfamily.ThoughSimonemergedfromthenightmareunhurt,thefatefuldayremainedforeverinhismind.Neglectingtheweatherforecast,hepaidaheavyprice.Hethenlearntthateveryoneshouldrespectscienceandbemoremindfulofhisdecision.8．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Notinformedoftheweatherforecast,Simonwentfishingasplanned.B．Simonlosthisfishingequipmentbecauseitwasblownoffbythewind.C．Loveforhisfamilymadehimtakeactiontryingtosavehimself.D．Thoughhewasfinallysaved,hewashurtbadly.9．Whatdidheseeafterhewokeup?A．Anotherboatreadytodraghisboat. B．Arescueteamsentbyhisfamily.C．Anewboatenginetobeequippedonhisboat. D．Anislandnotfarfromhisboat.10．Whatmainlycausedhimtomeetwithsuchahorribleevent?A．Hewastooconfidentofhisabilitytodealwiththerescueteam.B．Heignoredstormforecastandwentfishinganyway.C．Hisfishingequipmentwastooheavyforhisboat.D．Hepositionedhisboatinawronglocationinthesea.11．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Asmoothfishingtripafishermanusedtohave.B．Aterribleaccidentafishermanexperiencedandhowhesurvived.C．Thehardshipsamanhastohandlewhengoingfishing.D．Waystoseekhelpindangeroussituationsinlife.【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Simon不理會(huì)天氣預(yù)報(bào)說(shuō)有暴風(fēng)雨的警告，堅(jiān)持出海釣魚(yú)，遭到暴風(fēng)雨，最后游到一個(gè)小島幸存下來(lái)的故事。8．【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Asenseofhopelessnessdrownedhimbutwhenimagesofhisfamilyflashedacrosshismind,heknewwhathehadtodo.(一種絕望的感覺(jué)淹沒(méi)了他，但當(dāng)他的家人的畫(huà)面閃過(guò)他的腦海時(shí)，他知道他必須做什么。)”可知，是對(duì)家人的愛(ài)讓他決定自救。故選C。9．【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Sighing,hestoodonthedeck,staringouthopefully.Thenhespottedit.Hedivedintothewaterandswamtowardstheislandafewmetresaheadofhim.(他嘆了口氣，站在甲板上，滿(mǎn)懷希望地望著窗外。然后他發(fā)現(xiàn)了它。他潛入水中，朝前方幾米遠(yuǎn)的小島游去。)”可知，他站在甲板上看到的是一座小島。由此可知，當(dāng)他醒來(lái)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)在距離船不遠(yuǎn)的地方有一個(gè)小島。故選D。10．【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Despitelearningfromtheweatherforecastthelikelihoodofaviolentstorm,hedidn’tchangehismindaboutstartinghisweeklyfishingtrip.(盡管從天氣預(yù)報(bào)中得知可能會(huì)有一場(chǎng)猛烈的風(fēng)暴，他還是沒(méi)有改變主意開(kāi)始每周的釣魚(yú)之旅。)”可知，他明知有暴風(fēng)雨警報(bào)，仍然置之不理，堅(jiān)持出海釣魚(yú)。故選B。11．【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。通過(guò)全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了Simon不理會(huì)天氣預(yù)報(bào)說(shuō)有暴風(fēng)雨的警告，堅(jiān)持出海釣魚(yú)，遭到暴風(fēng)雨，最后游到一個(gè)小島幸存下來(lái)的故事。故選B?！?022年高考真題】1.【2022年全國(guó)甲卷C篇】AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鵝)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“IjustdecidedIwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe’dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica.“Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas,”Ginnisays.“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater.”Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings. B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories. D.Sticktoapromise.29.WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?A.Lovelypenguins. B.Beautifulscenery.C.Adiscountfare. D.Afriend’sinvitation.30.WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?A.Itcouldbeahomeforher. B.Itshouldbeeasilyaccessible.C.Itshouldbewellpreserved. D.Itneedstobefullyintroduced.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Achildhooddream. B.Anunforgettableexperience.C.Sailingaroundtheworld. D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了71歲的GinniBalinton從小就對(duì)旅行有著深深的熱愛(ài)，渴望探險(xiǎn)，不再跳舞和孩子們成家立業(yè)之后，她開(kāi)始周游世界，并在2008年開(kāi)始了前往南極洲的旅程。28.【答案】A【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段劃線(xiàn)詞前文“Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.(在她的職業(yè)舞蹈演員生涯中，她曾在英國(guó)巡演，但一直渴望進(jìn)一步探索)”和“Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest(當(dāng)她不再跳舞，她的兒子們最終獨(dú)立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和兒子們成家立業(yè)之后，她決定嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情。由此推知，劃線(xiàn)詞組taketheplunge與trychallengingthings“嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情”意思接近。故選A。29.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTieradelFuego.(正是在智利，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己可以在最后一刻買(mǎi)到從火地島附近島嶼前往南極洲的廉價(jià)船票)”可知，是折扣的票價(jià)讓Ginni決定去南極洲旅行的。故選C。30.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.(意識(shí)到這是一塊寶貴的土地，應(yīng)該受到人類(lèi)的尊重，這是Ginni最深刻的感受之一)”可知，旅行結(jié)束后，Ginni認(rèn)為南極洲應(yīng)該得到很好的保護(hù)。故選C。31.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了GinniBalinton去南極旅行的經(jīng)歷，再根據(jù)第一段“Thesegentlelovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.(這些溫柔可愛(ài)的看門(mén)人歡迎了她，并開(kāi)始了一次Ginni永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記的旅行)”和倒數(shù)第二段GinniBalinton對(duì)南極之旅的評(píng)價(jià)可知，文章主要介紹了GinniBalinton去南極洲之旅讓她非常難忘。由此可知，Anunforgettableexperience.(一次難忘的經(jīng)歷)能夠概括文章主旨。故選B。2.【2022年6月全國(guó)甲卷D篇】Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.Ispentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.“I’llmisstheseoldboats,”hesaidasweparted.“Howdoyoumean?”Iasked.“Oh,they’rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey’renotsoelegant,andthey’renotfuntopilot.Butthat’sprogress,Iguess.”EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords(口號(hào)),andtraditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity’sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.“Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself,”shesaid.“Wecan’tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.It’saconflictthatwearen’tgettinganybetteratresolving(解決).”O(jiān)ntheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,”hetoldme.“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We’vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”Heisright,butIcan’thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Sydney’sstrikingarchitecture. B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.C.ThekeytoSydney’sdevelopment. D.Sydney’stouristattractionsinthe1960s.33.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?A.Hegoestoworkbyboat. B.Helooksforwardtoanewlife.C.Hepilotscatamaranswell. D.Heisattachedtotheoldferries.34.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?A.Itislosingitstraditions. B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation. D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.C.Modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.【答案】32.C33.D34.A35.A【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過(guò)作者和悉尼人士的交流介紹了悉尼發(fā)展中面臨的問(wèn)題。【32題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.(20世紀(jì)60年代初，澳大利亞悉尼發(fā)生了一件大事。這座城市發(fā)現(xiàn)了它港口)”以及“Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.(但是是港口造就了城市)”可知，本段主要介紹了悉尼發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵是港口。故選C項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotSydneyferryboatsforaliving.(30歲出頭的AndrewReynolds是個(gè)快樂(lè)的小伙子，他在悉尼擔(dān)任渡輪領(lǐng)航員為生)”、第三段“I’llmisstheseoldboats.(我會(huì)想念這些舊船的)”以及第五段“Catamaransarefaster,butthey’renotsoelegant,andthey’renotfuntopilot.(雙體船更快，但它們不那么優(yōu)雅，駕駛起來(lái)也不有趣)”可知，渡輪領(lǐng)航員AndrewReynolds喜歡老式渡船。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity’sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.(悉尼的官方歷史學(xué)家ShirleyFitzgerald告訴我，在20世紀(jì)70年代奔向現(xiàn)代化的過(guò)程中，悉尼把很多它的過(guò)去都拋在了一邊，包括許多最漂亮的建筑)”可推知，ShirleyFitzgerald認(rèn)為悉尼匆忙奔向現(xiàn)代化，正在失去它的傳統(tǒng)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.(另一方面，同時(shí)既年輕又古老也有它的魅力。當(dāng)我遇到一位深思熟慮的年輕商人Anthony時(shí)，我考慮到了這一點(diǎn))”以及最后一段“Heisright(他說(shuō)得沒(méi)錯(cuò))”可推知，作者贊同Anthony的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為一座城市可以同時(shí)既年輕又古老。故選A項(xiàng)。3.【2022年1月浙江卷A篇】Fornearlyadecadenow,Merebethhasbeenaself-employedpettransportspecialist.Herpettransportjobwasbornofthefinancialcrisis（危機(jī)）inthelate2000s．Thedownturnhittherealestate（房地產(chǎn)）firmwhereshehadworkedfortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbrokeandleftherlookingforanewjob.Oneday,whiledrivingnearherhome,shesawadogwanderingontheroad,clearlylost.Shetookithome,andhersisterinDenveragreedtotakeit.Thiswasalovinghomeforsure,but1,600milesaway.Itdidn’ttakelongforMerebethtodecidetodrivethedogthereherself.Itwasherfirstroadtriptohernewjob.Merebeth'spetdeliveryservicesatisfiesher

wanderlust.IthastakenhertoeverystateintheUSexceptMontana,WashingtonandOregon,shesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanewplace,shewillsimplyfindapetwithtransportneedsthere.Shetravelsinallweathers.Shehasdriventhrough55mphwindsinWyoming,heavyfloodingandstormsinAlabamaandtotalwhiteoutconditionsinKansas.Thiswanderlustisinheritedfromherfather,shesays.HemovedtheirfamilyfromCanadatoCaliforniawhenshewasoneyearold,becausehewantedthemtoexploreanewplacetogether.AssoonasshegraduatedfromhighschoolshelefthometoliveonCatalinaIslandofftheCaliforniancoast,awayfromherparents,wheresheenjoyedalifeofsailingandoff-roadbiking.Itturnsoutthatpettransportingpaysquitewellatabout$30,000peryearbeforetax.Shedoesn'tworkinsummer,asitwouldbeunpleasantlyhotfortheanimalsinthecar,evenwithairconditioning.Asautumncomes,shegetsrestlessthesameoldwanderlustreturning.It'sacallshemusthandle

alone,though.Merebethsays,"WhenI'montheroad,I'mjustinmyownworld.I'vealwaysbeenindependent-spiritedandIjustfeelstronglythatImust

helpanimals."21.WhydidMerebethchangeherjob?A.Shewantedtoworknearherhome.B.Shewastiredofworkingintheoffice.C.HersisteraskedhertomovetoDenver.D.Herformeremployerwasoutofbusiness.22.Theword“wanderlust"inparagraph2meansadesireto?A.makemoney.

B.tryvariousjobs.C.beclosetonature.

D.traveltodifferentplaces.23.WhatcanwelearnaboutMerebethinhernewjob?A.Shehasc