備考2025屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義第一部分過(guò)透教材Unit5Adelicateworld外研版選擇性必修第二冊(cè)

Unit5AdelicateworldMacquarieIslandisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Whenhumansarrivedontheislandin1810，theybroughtrats，mice，catsandrabbitsonend.Subsequently，allofthemwereoutofcontrolanddamagedtheecologyontheislanddramatically.Bothratsandcatsdevelopedanappetitefornativebirds，makingthebirdsendangered.Rabbitsapparentlymultipliedandcausedsoilerosion.Toremovetherabbits，aviruswasreleased.Butthedecreaseoftherabbitscausedcatstoeatmorenativebirds.Inthe1980s，asubstantialnumberoftrapsanddogswereusedtocatchthecats.Incomparisonwiththedepartureofthecats，thenumberofmice，ratsandrabbitsexplodedonceagain，especiallytherabbits，whichdevelopedanimmunitytothevirus.Theislandwasinchaosaltogether.Ioweittoourselvestorestoretheisland.SoonbehalfoftheassociationIamherecallingfortheconservationofthebiologicaldiversity.Butthisinterventionisalong，much-delayedendingtoasadstory.1decreasev.（使）變小，（使）削減，降低n.削減，降低1.[人教選必③－3]Thesechemicalsledtoseverewaterqualityissues，causingadecreaseinthenumberoffishspecies.2.Thenumberofnewstudentsadmittedintotheschooldecreasedfrom210to160thisyear.3.由于人類(lèi)活動(dòng)，一些野生動(dòng)物的數(shù)目正在削減。（環(huán)境疼惜）→①Thenumberofsomewildanimalsisdecreasingbecauseofhumanactivities.（decreasev.）→②Becauseofhumanactivities，thenumberofsomewildanimalsisonthedecrease.（decreasen.）4.由于政府的干預(yù)，接受治療的患者人數(shù)沒(méi)有削減，但住院的患者人數(shù)削減了約30％。Thankstothegovernment’sintervention，thenumberofpatientstreatedhasnotbeendecreasing，butthenumberofpatientsadmittedtohospitalhasdecreasedbyabout30percent.★decreasefrom...to...從……削減到……decreaseby...削減了/降低了……★onthedecrease在削減中，在衰減中（a）decreasein...……方面的削減2trapn.夾子，陷阱v.使陷入逆境；卡住，夾住，絆??；使陷入圈套，使中計(jì)，使上當(dāng)1.Suddenlytherebeingastrongblastofwaterwashingdowntheriver，weweretrapped（trap）intherising-waterriver.點(diǎn)撥本句中的therebeing...是therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的獨(dú)立主格形式，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，故"we...river"是主句，空處應(yīng)填謂語(yǔ)。2.Thinkcarefullybeforeyouanswerquestionsonline.Youmaybetrappedintogivingawayveryimportantpersonalinformation.3.被困在山里兩天后，我們最終獲救了。Havingbeentrappedinthemountainsfortwodays，wewerefinallyrescued.（現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)）點(diǎn)撥表示"被困于……中"的短語(yǔ)還有：①be/getlockedin②be/getcaughtin③be/getstuckin④be/getblockedin★trapsb.into（doing）sth.誘騙某人（做）某事betrappedin...被困在……中betrappedby...被……所困★fallintothetrapofdoingsth.落入做某事的陷阱set/layatrapfor...為……設(shè)圈套/陷阱3owev.應(yīng)當(dāng)做；對(duì)……負(fù)有……的義務(wù)；欠（賬、錢(qián)、人情等）；歸因于，歸功于1.Weoweittoyoutocompletethisjob.2.由于我們的共同努力，音樂(lè)節(jié)取得了巨大的勝利。（活動(dòng)報(bào)道）Owingtoourjointefforts，themusicfestivalwasagreatsuccess.點(diǎn)撥"由于"的其他表達(dá)：dueto，thanksto，asaresultof，becauseof，onaccountof。3.我無(wú)法和你一起去旅行，應(yīng)當(dāng)向你致歉。（致歉信）Ioweanapologytoyou/Ioweyouanapologyforbeingunabletotravelwithyou.★owesb.sth.＝owesth.tosb.欠某人某物；把某物歸功于某人oweittosb.todosth.（認(rèn)為）應(yīng)當(dāng)為某人做某事★owingto因?yàn)?，由?comparisonn.比較1.[人教選必④－2]Themarketthatwasoriginallybuiltwasquitesmallincomparison（compare）totoday’sGrandBazaar.2.[人教選必②－2]Thefirstfewweekstherewereabsolutelyoverwhelmingbecauseeverythingwassodifferentcompared（compare）tothingsbackhome.3.Compared（compare）tootheralternatives，travelingonatrainiscomfortableandrelaxing.點(diǎn)撥compare與句子主語(yǔ)travelingonatrain之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。4.老師常常因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)工作的奉獻(xiàn)精神而被比作蠟燭。Teachersareoftencomparedtocandlesbecauseoftheirdevotiontowork.★bycomparison相比之下，相較而言incomparison（with/tosth.）（與……）相比較★comparev.&n.比較，對(duì)比comparesth.withsth.將某物與某物相比較comparesth.tosth.將某物比作某物comparedwith/tosth.與某物相比beyond/withoutcompare無(wú)與倫比5onbehalfof代表（代替）；為了；為幫助1.我很興奮代表我們學(xué)校邀請(qǐng)你參與下周的國(guó)畫(huà)展覽。（邀請(qǐng)信）→①Onourschool’sbehalf/Onbehalfofourschool，I’mdelightedtoinviteyoutotheChinesepaintingexhibitionnextweek.（behalf）→②Representingourschool，I’mdelightedtoinviteyoutotheChinesepaintingexhibitionnextweek.（represent）2.眾所周知，在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中，紅色代表華蜜和祥瑞。Asisknowntousall，redstandsfor/representshappinessandluckintraditionalChineseculture.點(diǎn)撥這里的"代表"為"象征"之義，可用standfor/represent，而不行用onbehalfof；表示"代表……的利益，作為……的代言人"時(shí)可用onbehalfof/represent?！飋nbehalfofsb./onsb.’sbehalf代表（或代替）某人；為了某人；為幫助某人★其他表示"代表"的詞/短語(yǔ)：represent代表；作為……的代言人；象征；相當(dāng)于standfor代表，表示；支持，主見(jiàn)6outofcontrol失去限制，無(wú)法管理用control的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)完成句子1.[人教必修①－2]SpaintookcontrolofPeruinthe16thcenturyandruleduntil1821.2.[人教必修③－4]Duringaspacewalk，astronautshavetomoveslowlysothattheycankeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.3.Atruckwentoutofcontrolandcrashedintothebackofabus.4.Badnewscomingoneafteranother，helostcontrolofhisfeelings.★undercontrol被限制住，處于限制之下beyondone’scontrol無(wú)法限制inthecontrolof...受……的限制losecontrolof...失去對(duì)……的限制takecontrolof...限制……keep/bring/getsth.undercontrol限制/抑制住某事7否定副詞/詞組＋部分倒裝1.Nowhereelsecanyoufind（別處你找不到）suchanancientbuildingwithsuchdelicatedesignandsolongahistory.（地點(diǎn)副詞放句首）2.我們不僅放松了，還對(duì)勞動(dòng)有了更好的了解。Notonlyarewerelaxed，butwehavegainedabetterunderstandingoflabor.（notonly倒裝句）3.我們剛一爬到山頂就下起雪來(lái)了?！貶ardlyhadwereachedthetopofthemountainwhenthesnowbegantocomedown.（hardly...when...倒裝句）→②Nosoonerhadwereachedthetopofthemountainthanthesnowbegantocomedown.（nosooner...than...倒裝句）點(diǎn)撥留意：在notonly...but（also）...，hardly...when...，nosooner...than...結(jié)構(gòu)中，把表示否定的notonly，hardly，nosooner置于句首時(shí)，其后的句子要倒裝，但but（also），when，than后的句子要用正常語(yǔ)序，不倒裝?！锂?dāng)具有否定意義的副詞或短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，句子要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，