2020-2021學(xué)年Unit1ScienceandScientists單元素養(yǎng)檢測(cè)作業(yè)（解析版）

單元素養(yǎng)檢測(cè)(一)(Unit1)(時(shí)間:120分鐘滿分:150分)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。Text1W:Howdidyougethere?M:①Icameherebybus.There’ssomethingwrongwithmycar.1.Howdidthemanehere?A.Bybus.B.Bycab.C.Bycar.答案:AText2W:Areyougoingtotheconcertwithustonight?M:②I’dliketo,butIpromisedJennytogoshoppingatthattime.2.Whatwillthemanprobablydotonight?A.Goswimming.B.Goshopping.C.Gototheconcert.答案:BText3W:③Ithinkthebiggestenvironmentalprobleminmycountryisairpollution.M:③Yes,Iagree.Theairismuchmorepollutedthanthatinmycountry.Ofcourse,mycountryhasmuchlessindustry.W:Andcarsarestillamajorsourceofpollutants.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Economicdevelopment.B.Trafficjams.C.Airpollution.答案:CText4M:Mary,whydidn’tyougotothepartythisafternoon?④Itwassurprising.Weallhadgreatfunthere.W:Iwentthere,butIdidn’tstaythereforlong.Itwasn’tfuninthebeginning,soIleftsoon.4.Whatdidthemanthinkoftheparty?A.Disappointing. B.Boring.C.Amazing.答案:CText5M:PleasesendMrsMorrisane-mailforme,askingifwecanmeettomorrow.W:Youmeanatfouro’clocktomorrowafternoon?M:⑤No,Ineedtogoandseethedentisttomorrow.Imakeit2:30pm.AndpleasephoneMrJohnsontocheckifIcanseehimaroundfourthisafternoon.5.Whatisthemangoingtodotomorrow?A.Seeadentist. B.MeetMrJohnson.C.Sendane-mail.答案:A第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。Text6M:Goodmorning.W:Goodmorning.⑥Iwouldlikeapictureofmyself.M:OK,youcanetogetitnextweek.W:No,that’stoolate.M:HowaboutWednesday,then?W:Sorry,butthat’smydayoff.IsThursdayallright?M:Sure.W:⑦Howmuchwillsixcopiescost?M:⑦Eighteendollars.W:OK.Whatdoyouwantmetodonow?M:Sitonthatchair,pleaseandsay,“cheese”.W:Cheese!6.Whatdoesthewomanaskthephotographertodo?A.Takeaphotoofhermother.B.Gotohermother’sbirthdayparty.C.Takeaphotoofher.答案:C7.Howmuchdoesonecopycost?A.Eighteendollars. B.Threedollars.C.Sixdollars.答案:B聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。Text7W:Sowhatareyourplansforthissummer?M:Icanworkforthatpanyagain.ButIhaveagreatchancetodosometravellingandlearnmoreabouttheworld.⑧MyfriendBillisgoingtotravelaroundEuropealongwithme—hehassomerelativesinFrancehewantstovisit,andhealsoplanstogotoGermanyandLatvia.AllIneedtopayforaremyairticketsandmeals.W:Whatabouthotelswhenyou’renotstayingwithBill’srelatives?M:We’llstayinguesthouses.Ihaveenoughmoneysavedfrommypart-timejob.W:⑧Whataboutmoneyfornextterm?M:⑨I’llneedtoborrowalittlefromyou.Butthisisaonce-in-a-lifetimechance.IreallythinkIcouldlearnalot,andIcanimprovemyFrench,too!8.Whatwillthemandothissummervacation?A.Visithisrelatives. B.Workforapany.C.TravelaroundEurope.答案:C9.Howwillthemancollectmoneyfornextterm?A.ByborrowingabitfromBill.B.Bycontinuingtodoapart-timejob.C.Byborrowingabitfromthewoman.答案:C聽第8段材料,回答第10～12題。Text8W:Hi,Jason.Whatdidyouthinkofthisafternoon’sstudygroup?M:⑩Itdoeshelptostudyinagroup.PeoplewereabletoexplaintomesomethingthatIdidn’tunderstand,andIwasevenabletohelpsomeoneinthegroupwithanideathatIunderstood.W:Doyoufeelfortabletostudywithyourgroup?M:Ilikethegroupalotandfeelgoodwithallthepeoplethere,butsomesubjectsaresodifficult.MathandChinesearenotmystrengths.W:You’lldofineifyoukeepingtothegroup.?Ialsojoinedahistorystudygroup.Youknow,I’mnotgoodatit.M:Agoodideatojointhisgroup.?Oh,theteacherisinguphere.Let’sgointotheclassroom.10.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthestudygroup?A.Ithelpshimalot. B.Itmakeshimnervous.C.Itbringshimsomenewfriends.答案:A11.Whatsubjectisthewomanpoorat?A.History.B.Math.C.Chinese.答案:A12.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Neighbors. B.Classmates.C.Teacherandstudent.答案:B聽第9段材料,回答第13～16題。Text9W:?Goodeveningandweletotonight’seditionofLegendaryLives.OurtopicthiseveningisJamesDean,afamousactorandheroforyoungpeopleofhistime.EdwardistheauthorofanewbookaboutJamesDean.Goodevening,Edward.M:Hello,Tina.W:Edward,pleasetelluswhatyouknowaboutDean’searlylife.M:?HewasborninIndianain1931,buthisparentsmovedtoCaliforniawhenhewasfive.Hewasn’ttherelongbecausehismotherpassedawayjustfouryearslater.James’fathersenthimbacktoIndianaafterthattolivewithhisaunt.W:Howdidhegetintoacting?M:Well,firstheactedinplaysathighschool,?andthenhewenttocollegeinCaliforniawherehegotseriouslyintoacting.In1951hemovedtoNewYorktodomorestageacting.W:Whendidhismoviecareerreallystart?M:1955.HisfirststarringrolewasinEastofEden.Deanbecameahugesuccess.Butthemoviethatreallymadehimfamouswashissecondone,RebelwithoutaCause.Thatwasaboutteenagerswhofeltliketheydidn’tfitintosociety.W:Howmanymoremoviesdidhemake?M:Justone,then?hediedinacarcrashinCaliforniain1955.W:Whatatragedy!Heonlymadethreemovies!13.Whatisthewomanprobablydoing?A.Interviewingamoviestar.B.Discussingteenageproblems.C.Hostingaprogram.答案:C14.WhendidJamesDeanmovetoCalifornia?A.In1931.B.In1936.C.In1951.答案:B15.WhatdidJamesDeandoatcollegeinCalifornia?A.Hefirstactedinplays.B.Hedidmorestageacting.C.Hegotseriouslyintoacting.答案:C16.WhatdoweknowaboutJamesDean?A.Helosthislifeinacaraccident.B.Hewasbestatactingintragedies.C.Hemadenumerouspopularmovies.答案:A聽第10段材料,回答第17～20題。Text10M:Hi,everyone.Thankyouallforgatheringhereinthehall.?It’stwentytotwelvenow.I’lltrytofinishmytaskassoonaspossiblesothatitwon’tdelayyourlunchbreaktenminuteslater.I’mwonderingifyouallcanhearme.Good,I’dliketotellyouaboutsomechangesinouroffices.?Becauseourpanyisconcernedabouttheenvironment,therearesomechangesastohowofficewastewillbehandled.StartingfromnextFriday,containerswillbeplacedthroughouttheofficeforrecycling.Pleasenotethatallredcontainersareforanythingthatisplastic,?whileallgreencontainersaremeantforglassthings.ThesecontainerswillbeemptiedeachWednesdayandtheircontentswillbesenttoarecyclingfactory.Asyouleave,pleasetakeoneofthepapersonthetableatthebackoftheroom.ItsummarizesalloftheinformationI’vejustgivenyou.?Remember,theprogramdoesn’tbeginuntilnextFriday.Sothat’sallfromme.Thankyouforyourcooperationwiththiseffort.17.Whenwillthelunchbreakstart?A.At11:50. B.At12:20. C.At12:30.答案:A18.Whydoesthepanychangethewaystohandleofficewaste?A.Toshowitsconcernabouttheenvironment.B.Topresentitsabilityofrecycling.C.Tomakesomeextramoney.答案:A19.Whatarethegreencontainersintendedfor?A.Plasticwaste. B.Glassthings.C.Wastepaper.答案:B20.WhatwillhappennextFriday?A.Allthecontainerswillbecleared.B.Anothermeetingwillbeheld.C.Theprogramwillbegin.答案:C第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AStayingfitisagreatwaytoimproveyourmoodandhealth.Startyourfitnessplanbycreatingadailywalking,joggingorcyclingscheduletokeepyourheartandlungsactivethroughexerciseeveryday.Herearesometipsyoucanfollow:ExercisingStartwalking,joggingorcycling.Ifyouneedtokeepyourkneesstrongoryouhavebodyachesandpains,thencyclingmaybeabettersolution.Exerciseathome.Noteveryonehasthetimeormoneytogotothegymandthereisnoneedto.Workingoutathomeisveryeasyandcanbeverybeneficial.MaintainingaBalancedDietMaintainingabalanceddietcanbedifficultifyoudonothavethetimetocookforyourselfeveryday.But,itiseasytofindhealthysolutionsinrestaurantsandtakeawaysaswell.Getridofanyjunkfood.Foodstoavoidare:·Highinsugar:doughnuts,cakes,cookies,pudding,cannedanddriedfruits,andsodas.·Highinfat:processedmeats,friedfoods,andshortening(起酥油).Drinkalotofwater.Thehumanbodyismostlymadeupofwater,andyouneedtomakesureofitstimelyintake.Yourbodysweatsalotsoyouneedtoputwaterbackin.GainingWillpowerandMotivation(動(dòng)力)Sticktoyourplan.Youknowyoucandoit.Youaretheonlyonethatcancontrolyouractionsandstrongwillpowercanmakeyouhappy!Seeifotherswanttojoinyou.Itcanbeveryhelpfulifyouhavesomeonekeepinghealthyandfitwithyou.Theirextrapushofmotivationcanbeveryinspiringanditisagreatwaytobuildupafriendship.【語篇概述】本文主要是針對(duì)科學(xué)健身、保持健康提出的幾點(diǎn)建議。21.Whatcanyoudoifyouwanttokeepyourkneesstrongaccordingtothepassage?A.Swim. B.Goboating.C.Cycle. D.Dopush-ups.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段Ifyouneedtokeepyourkneesstrong...thencyclingmaybeabettersolution.可知答案選C。22.Whatisremendedifyouwanttomaintainabalanceddiet?A.Eatingenoughdriedfruits.B.Drinkingenoughwatereveryday.C.Bakingshorteningcakesyourself.D.Gettingridofanyfoodthatcontainssugar.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的最后一段講到人們應(yīng)該多喝水,及時(shí)補(bǔ)充身體所消耗的水分,所以B項(xiàng)正確。23.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.TipsonKeepingFitScientificallyB.TipsonExercisingatHomeC.TipsonMakingYourFitnessPlanD.TipsonEatingHealthily【解析】選A。主旨大意題。B、D項(xiàng)均為片面的概括。C項(xiàng)文章沒有詳述。A項(xiàng)較全面地概括了文章的主題,所以選A項(xiàng)。BAnnetteLarkinsisanincrediblewomanwholookslikeahealthy40-year-old,althoughshejustturned70.Shefollowsaspecialrawdietandonlydrinksrainwater.Shelookssoyoungthatpeoplemistakehertobethedaughter,whenshe’soutwithherhusbandof54years,butIsupposeheisn’tplaining.MrsLarkinssaysthesecrettoherbeautyliesinherspecialdiet,consistingoforganicvegetables,fruits,seedsandnutsgrowninherowngarden;shecallsitthe“fountainofyouth”.Thewomandoesn’ttouchanythingthathasbeencooked.Andanotherstrangethingshedoesistocollectrainwater,notonlytokeephergardenblossoming,butalsotodrink.ButtheresidentsofMiami-DadeCounty,Whenshestartedoff,MrsLarkinswasjustlookingforafewhealthbenefitsandneveranticipatedthatshewouldlooklikea40-year-oldattheageof70.Overthe27yearsthatshehasbeeneatingrawfood,MrsLarkinshaswrittentwobookletscalledJourneytoHealthandalsoproducedaDVDcontainingallherhealthysecrets.Herhusband,MrLarkins,wisheshehadfollowedherexample,becausenowhelooksmuch,mucholderandalsosuffersfromdiabetes(糖尿病)andhighbloodpressure.Hetakesprescriptionmedicineeveryday,butAnnettedoesn’teventakeanaspirin.【語篇概述】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了MrsLarkins是如何保持健康、年輕的。24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?A.Theorganicfood.B.Herbeauty.C.Speciallycookedfood.D.Herrawdiet.【解析】選D。代詞指代題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Shefollowsaspecialrawdiet”及it前半部分“MrsLarkinssaysthesecrettoherbeautyliesinherspecialdiet可知it是指上文提到的那種吃生食物的飲食。故選D項(xiàng)。25.WhatkindofpersondoestheauthorthinkMrsLarkinsis?A.Strong-willed.B.Honest.C.Modest. D.Openminded.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Overthe27yearsthatshehasbeeneatingrawfood”可知MrsLarkins堅(jiān)持了27年,是一位意志堅(jiān)定的人。所以選A。26.Whatdidthewomandowithherhealthysecrets?A.Shesoldthemtothelocalpeople.B.Sheabandonedthemattheageof70.C.Shepublicizedtheminvariousways.D.Sheimprovedthemwithherhusband’shelp.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“MrsLarkinshaswrittentwobookletscalledJourneytoHealthandalsoproducedaDVDcontainingallherhealthysecrets”可知MrsLarkins利用各種方式推廣她的健康秘訣。故選C項(xiàng)。27.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsMrsLarkins’slifestyle?A.Disapproving B.Supportive.C.Sympathetic. D.Doubtful.【解析】選B。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句“Andwhatagreatdecisionthatwas.Imean,justlookather!”及最后一段對(duì)Larkins夫婦的情況的描述可知作者對(duì)她的這種生活方式是支持的。CDeathisnatural,butdoyouhaveanyideaoftheprocessofdying?Modernscientistsdividetheprocessofdyingintotwophases—clinicalortemporarydeathandbiologicaldeath.Clinicaldeathoccurswhenthevitalorgans,suchastheheartorlungs,haveceasedtofunction,buthavenotsufferedpermanentdamage.Theorganismcanstillberevived(復(fù)活的).Biologicaldeathoccurswhenchangesintheorganismleadtothe“breakingup”ofvitalcellsandtissues.Deathisthenunchangeableandfinal.Scientistshavebeenseekingawaytoprolongtheperiodofclinicaldeathsothattheorganismcanremainalivebeforebiologicaldeathoccurs.Thebestmethoddevelopedsofarinvolvescoolingoftheorganism,binedwithnarcoticsleep.Byslowingdownthebody’smetabolism(新陳代謝),coolingdelaystheprocessesleadingtobiologicaldeath.Toillustratehowthisworks,scientistsperformedanexperimentonasix-year-oldfemalemonkeycalledKeta.ThescientistputKetatosleepwithanarcotic.Thentheysurroundedherbodywithice-bagsandbegancheckingherbodytemperature.Whenithaddroppedto28degreesthescientistsbegandrainingbloodfromanartery.Themonkey’sbloodpressuredecreasedandanhourlaterboththeheartandbreathingstopped:clinicaldeathsetin.FortwentyminutesKetaremainedinthisstate.Hertemperaturedroppedto22degrees.Atthispointthescientistspumpedbloodintoanarteryinthedirectionoftheheartandstartedartificialbreathing.AftertwominutesKeta’sheartbecameactiveoncemore.Afterfifteenminutes,spontaneous(自發(fā)的)breathingbegan,andafterfourhoursKetaopenedhereyesandliftedherhead.Aftersixhours,whenthescientiststriedtogiveherapenicillininjection,Ketaseizedthesyringeandranwithitaroundtheroom.Herbehaviordifferedlittlefromthatofahealthyanimal.【語篇概述】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家們?yōu)榱搜泳徤飳W(xué)死亡期的到來、延長(zhǎng)臨床死亡的時(shí)間所做的研究。28.Whatcanwelearnfromapersonwhosuffersfromtheclinicaldeath?A.Hismostimportantorgansaredamaged.B.Hestillhasthepossibilityofgettingbacktolife.C.Hecannotavoidfinaldeath.D.Heisstillverymuchalive.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段Clinicaldeathoccurswhenthevitalorgans,suchastheheartorlungs,haveceasedtofunction,buthavenotsufferedpermanentdamage.Theorganismcanstillberevived.可知被診斷為臨床死亡的人仍有可能起死回生。所以答案選B。29.Whydoscientiststrytomakethetimeofclinicaldeathlonger?A.Toslowdownthebody’smetabolism.B.Tobringvitalcellsandtissuesbacktoactivelife.C.Tocooltheorganism.D.Todelaytheingofbiologicaldeath.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的第一句中的sothattheorganismcanremainalivebeforebiologicaldeathoccurs可知科學(xué)家們延長(zhǎng)臨床死亡的時(shí)間是為了延緩生物學(xué)死亡期的到來。所以答案選D。30.HowdidthescientistsputKetaintoclinicaldeath?A.Byputtinghertosleep,loweringhertemperatureanddrainingherblood.B.Bysurroundingherbodywithice-bagsanddrainingherblood.C.Bylowingherbloodpressureandstoppingherheartfrombeating.D.Bydrainingherblood,loweringherbloodpressureandstoppingherbreathing.【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的一些關(guān)鍵詞,如putKetatosleep;surroundedherbodywithice-bags;drainingblood可知詳細(xì)過程與A項(xiàng)描述一致,故選A。31.Allofthefollowingindicatethatthemonkeyhasalmostrestoredtoheroriginalphysicalstateexceptthefactthat________.

A.herheartbeatagainB.sheregainedhernormalbreathC.sherejectedapenicillininjectionD.sheactedaslivelyasahealthymonkey【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,Keta的心臟恢復(fù)了跳動(dòng),它開始自主呼吸,后來睜開眼睛,抬起頭,這些是正常的身體狀況。它奪過注射器然后逃跑的行動(dòng)只是動(dòng)物的本能反應(yīng),所以答案選C。DDavidUnaiponwasaninventorandwriter.HewasthefirstAboriginal(土著的)Australiantowritepublished(出版的)books.HealsoworkedhardtomakelifebetterforAboriginalpeople.DavidUnaiponwasborninSouthAustralia,in1872.Asayoungman,helovedtoreadandwasinterestedinscienceandmusic.Hethoughtalotaboutnewwaystofixengineeringproblems.Betweentheyears1909and1944,Unaiponmadenineimportantinventions.Healsomadedrawingsforahelicopter(直升機(jī))design.HegottheideafromtheAustralianboomerang(回旋鏢)andthewayitmovedthroughtheair.Thishappenedin1914,beforewehadhelicopters.UnaiponlivedmostofhislifeinAdelaideandworkedfortheAboriginesFriendsAssociation.HeworkedandtravelledaroundsoutheasternAustraliaforfiftyyears.Sometimes,whiletravellingfromtowntotown,hewastoldhecouldn’tstayinahotelbecausehewasblack,soheunderstoodtheproblemsofracism(種族主義).In1925,UnaiponbecamethefirstAboriginalwritertobepublished.HisfirstpublishedwritingwasanarticleinSydney’sDailyTelegraphnewspaper.Thearticlehadthetitle:“Aboriginals:TheirTraditionsandCustoms”.Hewrotemanyotherarticlesfornewspapersandmagazines,gettingpublicityabouttherightsofAboriginalpeople.HealsowroteabouttheneedforwhiteandblackpeopletoworktogetherandtheneedforequalrightsforbothblackandwhiteAustralians.Hewaswelleducatedinbothcultures,andin1929hehelpedwithagovernmentsurveyofAboriginalhealthandinterests.DavidUnaipondiedin1967attheageof95,inthesameyearthatAboriginalpeoplewerefirstcountedaspartofAustralia’spopulation.In1995,DavidUnaipon’spicturewasputontheAustralianfifty-dollarnote,withadrawingofoneofhisinventions.【語篇概述】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了澳大利亞土著作家及發(fā)明家戴維·烏奈龐。32.WhichofthefollowingcandescribeDavidUnaiponwhenhewasyoung?A.Hewascalm. B.Hewasbrave.C.Hewaspatient. D.Hewascreative.【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Asayoungman,helovedtoreadandwasinterestedinscienceandmusic...Betweentheyears1909and1944,Unaiponmadenineimportantinventions.”可知,年輕時(shí)期的戴維·烏奈龐非常富有創(chuàng)造性。33.WhatcanwelearnaboutDavidUnaipon’shelicopterdesign?A.Itwasthemodelformodernhelicopters.B.Itwasacopyofanotherhelicopter.C.Itwasbasedonalocaltool.D.Itwasdoneinhis30s.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“HegottheideafromtheAustralianboomerang”可知,戴維·烏奈龐的直升機(jī)構(gòu)想是以澳大利亞當(dāng)?shù)氐囊环N工具——回旋鏢為參考依據(jù)的。34.WhatdoweknowaboutDavidUnaiponasawriter?A.HewasthefirstAboriginalwriter.B.Hewasconcernedaboutracialinequality.C.Hefinishedmostofhiswritingswhiletravelling.D.Hehadhiswritingspublishedmainlyinnewspapers.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“whiletravellingfromtowntotown,hewastoldhecouldn’tstayinahotelbecausehewasblack,soheunderstoodtheproblemsofracism”及倒數(shù)第二段中的“Hewrotemanyotherarticlesfornewspapersandmagazines...andtheneedforequalrightsforbothblackandwhiteAustralians.”可知,戴維·烏奈龐很關(guān)心種族不平等問題。35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.DavidUnaipondiedanunexpecteddeath.B.DavidUnaiponwasproudofhisinventions.C.DavidUnaipon’scontributionswererecognised.D.DavidUnaipon’sdrawingabilitieswereappreciated.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。最后一段中提到五十澳元紙幣上印有戴維·烏奈龐的頭像,由此可知,他的貢獻(xiàn)得到了認(rèn)可。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。EasyWaystoKeepYourBrainSharpEveryoneisforgetful,butasweage,westarttofeellikeourbrainsareslowingdownabit—andthatcanbeaveryannoyingthing.36Readonforsometechniquesworthtrying.

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Peoplewhoregularlymadeplansandlookedforwardtoupingeventshada50percentreducedchanceofAlzheimer’sdisease(早老性癡呆病),accordingtoarecentstudy.38Somethingassimpleassettingagoaltohaveaweeklycoffeedatewithafriendwilldo.There’sevidencethatpeoplewhohaveapurposeinlifeorwhoareworkingonlongorshort-termgoalsappeartodobetter.Inotherwords,keepyourbrainlookingforward.

2.Goforawalk.Mildlyraisedglucose(葡萄糖)levelscanharmtheareaofthebrainthathelpsyouformmemoriesandphysicalactivitycanhelpgetbloodglucosedowntonormallevels.Infact,exerciseproduceschemicalsthataregoodforyourbrain.39

3.Learnsomethingnew.TakeaSpanishclassonline,joinadrawingclub,orlearntoplaycards.Astudyfoundthatmentalstimulation(刺激)limitstheweakeningeffectsofagingonmemoryandthemind.Butthebestthingforyourbrainiswhenyoulearnsomethingnewandarephysicallyactiveatthesametime.40Orgodancingwithyourfriends.

A.Focusonthefuture.B.Thiscanbeespeciallyharmfultotheaged.C.Itshouldbesomethinglikelearninggardening.D.Sotakeafewminuteseachdaytodosomereading.E.Butdon’tworryifyourscheduleisn’tfilledwithlife-changingevents.F.Luckily,researchshowsthereisalotyoucandotoavoidthosemoments.G.Inotherwords,whenyoutakecareofyourbody,youtakecareofyourbrain.【語篇概述】本文就如何讓你的大腦靈活、預(yù)防早老性癡呆病提出了幾點(diǎn)建議。36.【解析】選F。根據(jù)上文annoyingthing和下文的worthtrying可知此處是一個(gè)過渡句。Luckily“幸運(yùn)的是”在此起到過渡作用。37.【解析】選A。根據(jù)這一段最后的總結(jié)句Inotherwords,keepyourbrainlookingforward.可知此處的建議是往前看。A項(xiàng)的意思是“關(guān)注未來”。38.【解析】選E。此處是轉(zhuǎn)折句。上文是定期計(jì)劃并期待即將到來的事情會(huì)減少早老性癡呆病的發(fā)生。所以此處應(yīng)該表示生活中沒有這些事情也不要擔(dān)心,連接下文每周和朋友喝喝咖啡也很好。所以選E。39.【解析】選G。根據(jù)exerciseproduceschemicalsthataregoodforyourbrain可知G項(xiàng)與其意思相同。inotherwords“換句話說”是提示。40.【解析】選C。此處是對(duì)上文somethingnew的舉例說明。learninggardening“學(xué)習(xí)園藝”。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ItwasunusuallyquietintheemergencyroomonDecember25.Ididn’tthinktherewouldbeany41,sighingabouthavingtoworkonChristmas.Justthenfivebodies42atmydesk,apalewomanandfourchildren.

“Areyouallsick?”Iasked.“Yes,”shesaidweaklyandloweredherhead.Butwhenitcameto43oftheirproblems,thingsgotalittleuncertain.Theyallclaimedtohaveheadaches,buttheheadachesweren’t44bythenormalbodylanguageofholdingtheheadortryingtokeepitstill.

Somethingwaswrong.Ourhospitalpolicy,45,wasnottoturnawayanypatient.Iexplaineditmightbealittlewhilebeforeadoctorsawher.Sherespondedimmediately,evenabit46“Takeyourtime,”andthenadded,“It’swarminhere.”Then,Icheckedtheirregistrationformoutofcuriosity.Noaddress—theywere47.Thewaitingroomwaswarm.Iwentbacktothenurses’stationandmentionedwehadahomelessfamilyinthewaitingroom.Thenurses,plainingof48onChristmas,turnedtosympathyforafamilyjusttryingtoget49onChristmas.Theteamwentintoaction,muchaswedowhenthere’sa50emergency.ButthiswasaChristmasemergency.Wewereall51afreemealonChristmasDay,sowetookbackthatmealandpreparedabigdinnerforourguests.Weneededpresents.Wecollectedcandies,fruitsandotherthings52thatcouldbepresentsfromdifferentdepartments.Asseriouslyaswemetthe53needsofthepatients,ourteamworkedtomeettheneedsofafamilywhojustwantedtobewarmonChristmas.54,asthefamilywalkedtothedoortoleave,thefour-year-oldboycamerunningback,gavemea55【語篇概述】文章講述了在圣誕節(jié)那天,一個(gè)母親帶著四個(gè)孩子來醫(yī)院取暖。作者及醫(yī)院的其他值班人員熱心地讓一個(gè)無家可歸的家庭度過了一個(gè)真正溫暖的圣誕節(jié)。41.A.customers B.patientsC.workers D.tourists【解析】選B。邏輯推理題。根據(jù)第一句intheemergencyroom可知這是在醫(yī)院發(fā)生的事,所以選B。42.A.showedup B.tookinC.cameout D.lookedon【解析】選A。短語辨析題。showup“出現(xiàn)”;takein“吸收,欺騙”;eout“出版”;lookon“看待”。句意:就在那時(shí),五個(gè)人出現(xiàn)在了我的工作臺(tái)前。根據(jù)句意選A。43.A.descriptions B.mentsC.instructions D.results【解析】選A。背景常識(shí)題。在醫(yī)院跟醫(yī)生應(yīng)該是對(duì)病情進(jìn)行描述。descriptions“描述”;ments“評(píng)論”;instructions“說明”;results“結(jié)果”。44.A.acpanied B.adjustedC.acknowledged D.affected【解析】選A。詞義辨析題。acpany“伴隨;陪伴”;adjust“調(diào)整”;acknowledge“承認(rèn)”;affect“影響”。他們都說頭疼,但又沒有伴隨頭疼的癥狀。根據(jù)句意選A。45.A.therefore B.otherwiseC.however D.moreover【解析】選C。邏輯推理題。句意:一定是有地方不對(duì)勁,但醫(yī)院的政策是不允許拒絕接收病人,前后句表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,所以選C。46.A.shylyB.happilyC.calmlyD.politely【解析】選B。上下文語境題。根據(jù)“Takeyourtime,”andthenadded,“It’swarminhere.”可知這個(gè)母親應(yīng)該是開心地說“不著急,這里很暖和”。所以選B。47.A.lonely B.greedyC.clever D.homeless【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。根據(jù)“Noaddress”可知,他們無家可歸。所以選D。48.A.operating B.interruptingC.managing D.working【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。根據(jù)plainingof“抱怨”可推斷是他們?cè)谑フQ節(jié)還要工作。49.A.present B.warmC.relief D.approval【解析】選B。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)上文It’swarminhere.可知這個(gè)家庭需要溫暖。所以選B。50.A.beneficial B.friendlyC.medical D.different【解析】選C。邏輯推理題。此處表達(dá)的是就像平常處理醫(yī)療緊急情況一樣忙碌。所以選C。51.A.rewarded B.offeredC.allowed D.ordered【解析】選B。詞義辨析題。reward“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”;offer“提供”;allow“允許”;order“預(yù)定,命令”。句意:圣誕節(jié)這一天,醫(yī)院給作者他們提供了免費(fèi)的工作餐。52.A.expensive B.usefulC.convenient D.available【解析】選D。詞義辨析題。作者他們收集了所有能找到的東西來當(dāng)作禮物。available“可得到的”。根據(jù)句意選D。53.A.healthy B.physicalC.tragic D.mental【解析】選B。邏輯推理題。醫(yī)院是治病救人的地方,所以此處表達(dá)的是像滿足病人的身體需要一樣。所以選B。54.A.Soon B.LaterC.Next D.Gradually【解析】選B。上下文語境題。根據(jù)下文asthefamilywalkedtothedoortoleave可知是之后,這一家人準(zhǔn)備離開。故選B。55.A.hug B.present C.candy D.card【解析】選A。邏輯推理題。由語境可知,當(dāng)這家人要離開的時(shí)候,四歲的男孩跑回來給了我一個(gè)擁抱,表示感謝。所以選A。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。China’sTuYouyouamongtriotowinNobelMedicinePrizeSTOCKHOLM—WilliamCampbell,SatoshiOmuraandTuYouyoujointly56.(win)the2015NobelPrizeinMedicinefortheirworkagainstparasiticdiseases(寄生蟲病).Irish-bornCampbellandJapaneseOmurawonhalfoftheprizeforanewdrug,avermectin,57.hashelpedthebattleagainstriverblindness,aswellasshowingeffectivenessagainstother58.(disease).TheChinesescientistTuYouyouwasawardedthe59.halfoftheprizefordiscoveringartemisinin(青蒿素),adrugthathassharplyreducedthedeathratesforpatients60.(suffer)frommalaria.Thesetwodiscoverieshaveprovidedhumankindwith61.(power)newmeanstofight62.thesediseasesthataffecthundredsofmillionsofpeopleannually.Despiterapidprogressincontrollingmalaria,themosquito-bornediseasestillkillsmorethanhalfamillionpeopleayear,thevast63.(major)ofbabiesandyoungchildreninthepoorestpartsofAfrica.MedicineisthefirstoftheNobelPrizes64.(award)eachyear.Prizesfor65.(achieve)inscience,literatureandpeacewerefirstawardedin1901inaccordancewiththewillofAlfredNobel.【語篇概述】本文主要介紹了因?yàn)榍噍锼氐陌l(fā)現(xiàn)獲得諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的中國(guó)科學(xué)家屠呦呦。56.【解析】won?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。獲得2015年的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)是過去的事情,因此用一般過去時(shí)。57.【解析】which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。此句為非限制性定語從句,先行詞為avermectin,在從句中作主語,