2025屆高三英語(yǔ)10月月考名校新題快遞專(zhuān)題03閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文

專(zhuān)題03閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文【01】2024屆廣東省六校高三上學(xué)期其次次聯(lián)考Theworld’sbiggestelectricvehicle—a45-tonminingdumptrucknamedtheeDumper—mayhavetogiveupitsthrone.Thenewcomer,poweredwithbothelectricityandareserveofhydrogenfuel,isgoingtostealthattitleasthelargestelectricminingtruck.London-basedAngloAmericanisdevelopingthebeastofamachine—itweighs290tons—aspartofitssustainableminingvision.Theconceptualworkisdone,butU.K-basedWilliamsAdvancedEngineeringwillbringthetrucktolife.Theideaistoreplacethevehicle’sdieselengine(柴油機(jī))withahigh-powermodularlithium-ionbattery(鋰電池).“Wearedelightedtobeinvolvedinthisinnovativeandexcitingprojectwhichshowsthepotentialofbatterytechnologythatcanadapttoincreaseddemands,fromautomotiveandmotorsportto‘heavyduty’industrialapplications,”CraigWilson,managingdirectorofWilliamsAdvancedEngineering,said.WhiletheeDumper—aminingtruckusedtomovestonesfromthesidesofmountainsinSwitzerland—reliesentirelyonpureelectricityandpurephysicsforpower,theAngloAmericantruckwillusebothalithium-ionbatteryandahydrogenfuelcell(電池)module.Altogether,thenewtruckwillhaveover1,000Kilowatthoursofenergystorage.Hydrogenfuelisaclearfuelthatproducesonlywaterasaby-productwhenconsumedinafuelcell.It’stypicallyproducedfromnaturalgasnuclearpower,orrenewablewindandsolarpower.Addinghydrogenfuelcellstothevehicle’sbatterywillallowthetrucktorunforlongerperiodsoftimewithoutrecharging.There’salsoathirdtypeofpowerthatcomesintoplaywiththeAngloAmericantruck:kinetic(動(dòng)力的)energycreatedthroughtheprocessofregenerativebraking(再生制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)).Whenanelectricvehicle—beittheAngloAmericantruck,ortheeDumper—rollsdownahill,thatmovementcreateselectricalenergyforthebatteryasyoubrake.Theelectricmotorspowerthecarthroughthebattery’sstoredenergy,butcanalsobecomeminigeneratorsthatreturnsomeenergybacktothebattery.AfterAngloAmericanfinishestesttrialswiththetruck,thefirmwillconductstudiestounderstandhowthetruck’spowerunitscanbeusedtoprovideenergystorageinotherapplications.8.Whatcanbeknownabout“theeDumper”?A.Itweighsmorethan290tons.B.Itispoweredbyhydrogenfuel.C.Itwillnolongerbethelargestelectrictruck.D.Itwilldiscouragebuyersforbeingexpensive.9.WhatcanbeinferredfromCraigWilson’swords?A.Batterytechnologyisthekeytoupdatingvehicles.B.Batterytechnologyisthebasisofmanufacturingtrucks.C.Thedevelopmentofthelithium-ionbatteryislimited.D.Thefutureofthelithium-ionbatteryispromising.10.Whatisthebenefitofadoptinghydrogenfuelcells?A.Itcansavealotofmoney.B.Vehiclesbecomemoreeco-friendly.C.Ithasnoenvironmentalimpactatall.D.Vehiclesnolongerneedtoberecharged.11.Accordingtoparagraph5,whichofthefollowingcanbeafeatureofregenerativebraking?A.Autonomousbraking. B.Energytransformation.C.Simpleoperation. D.zero-carbonemission.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了位于倫敦的英美資源集團(tuán)（AngloAmerican）正在開(kāi)發(fā)一種重達(dá)290噸的卡車(chē)，這將成為世界上最大的電動(dòng)卡車(chē)。【8題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“Theworld’sbiggestelectricvehicle—a45-tonminingdumptrucknamedtheeDumper—mayhavetogiveupitsthrone.Thenewcomer,poweredwithbothelectricityandareserveofhydrogenfuel,isgoingtostealthattitleasthelargestelectricminingtruck.(世界上最大的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)——一輛45噸重的礦山自卸車(chē)，名叫eDumper——可能不得不放棄它的寶座。這個(gè)同時(shí)運(yùn)用電力和氫燃料儲(chǔ)備新建立的車(chē)，將會(huì)奪得最大電力采礦卡車(chē)的稱(chēng)號(hào)。)”可知，eDumper將不再是最大的電動(dòng)卡車(chē)。故選C?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中“Theideaistoreplacethevehicle’sdieselengine(柴油機(jī))withahigh-powermodularlithium-ionbattery(鋰電池).“Wearedelightedtobeinvolvedinthisinnovativeandexcitingprojectwhichshowsthepotentialofbatterytechnologythatcanadapttoincreaseddemands,fromautomotiveandmotorsportto‘heavyduty’industrialapplications,”CraigWilson,managingdirectorofWilliamsAdvancedEngineering,said.(這個(gè)想法是用一個(gè)大功率的模塊化鋰離子電池來(lái)代替汽車(chē)的柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。“我們很興奮參與這個(gè)創(chuàng)新和令人興奮的項(xiàng)目，它展示了電池技術(shù)的潛力，可以適應(yīng)從汽車(chē)和賽車(chē)到‘重型’工業(yè)應(yīng)用等不斷增長(zhǎng)的需求?！?”可知，從CraigWilson的話可以看出，鋰離子電池的將來(lái)充溢希望。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段“Hydrogenfuelisaclearfuelthatproducesonlywaterasaby-productwhenconsumedinafuelcell.It’stypicallyproducedfromnaturalgas,nuclearpower,orrenewablewindandsolarpower.Addinghydrogenfuelcellstothevehicle’sbatterywillallowthetrucktorunforlongerperiodsoftimewithoutrecharging.(氫燃料是一種清潔的燃料，在燃料電池中消耗時(shí)只產(chǎn)生副產(chǎn)品水。它通常由自然氣、核能或可再生風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電產(chǎn)生。將氫燃料電池添加到汽車(chē)的電池將允許卡車(chē)運(yùn)行更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間不用充電。)”可知，氫燃料電池是一種更加環(huán)保的電池，由此可知，采納氫燃料電池的好處是汽車(chē)變得更加環(huán)保。故選B?！?1題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段中“Whenanelectricvehicle—beittheAngloAmericantruck,ortheeDumper—rollsdownahill,thatmovementcreateselectricalenergyforthebatteryasyoubrake.Theelectricmotorspowerthecarthroughthebattery’sstoredenergy,butcanalsobecomeminigeneratorsthatreturnsomeenergybacktothebattery.(當(dāng)一輛電動(dòng)汽車(chē)——無(wú)論是英美卡車(chē)還是eDumper——從山上滾下來(lái)時(shí)，這種運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)在剎車(chē)時(shí)為電池產(chǎn)生電能。電動(dòng)馬達(dá)通過(guò)電池儲(chǔ)存的能量為汽車(chē)供應(yīng)動(dòng)力，但也可以成為迷你發(fā)電機(jī)，將一些能量返回給電池。)”可知，能量轉(zhuǎn)換是再生制動(dòng)的一個(gè)特性，故選B。【02】安徽省皖豫名校聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考TheAlps’glaciers(冰川)areontrackfortheirhighestmasslossesinatleast60yearsofrecordkeeping,datasharedwithReutersshows.Bylookingatthedifferenceinhowmuchsnowfellinwinter,andhowmuchicemeltsinsummer,scientistscanmeasurehowmuchaglacierhasshrunkinanygivenyear.Sincelastwinter,whichbroughtrelativelylittlesnowfall,theAlpshavegonethroughtwobigearlysummerheatwaves—includingoneinJulymarkedbytemperaturesnear30oCintheSwissmountainvillageofZermatt.Duringthisheatwave,theelevation(海拔)atwhichwaterfrozewasmeasuredatarecordhighof5,184meters—atanaltitudehigherthanMontBlanc’s—comparedwiththenormalsummerlevelofbetween3,000-3,500meters.Mostoftheworld’smountainglaciersareshrinkingduetoclimatechange.ButthoseintheEuropeanAlpsareespeciallyvulnerable(脆弱的)becausetheyaresmallerwithrelativelylittleicecover.Meanwhile,temperaturesintheAlpsarewarmingataround0.3oCperdecade—aroundtwiceasfastastheglobalaverage.Ifgreenhousegasemissionscontinuetorise,theAlps’glaciersareexpectedtolosemorethan80%oftheircurrentmassby2100.Manywilldisappearregardlessofwhateveractionistakennow,thankstoglobalwarmingbakedinbypastemissions,accordingtoa2024reportbytheUNIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange.Swissresidentsworrythattheglacierlosseswillhurttheireconomy.SomeskiresortsoftheAlps,whichrelyontheseglaciers,nowcoverthemselveswithwhitesheetstoreflectsunlightandreducemelting.Swissglaciersfeatureinmanyofthecountry’sfairytales,andtheAletschGlacierisconsideredaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.“Losingtheglaciersmeanslosingournationalheritageandouridentity,”saidhikerBernardinChavaillaz.12.WhathappenedtotheelevationatwhichwaterfrozeintheAlps?A.Itremainedunchanged. B.Itincreasedsharply.C.Itreachedanewlow. D.Itdroppednoticeably.13.What’sthemainpurposeofparagraph3?A.ToshowtemperaturesarerisingintheAlps.B.Toproveclimatechangeleadstoheatwaves.C.ToexplainwhytheAlps’glaciersareindanger.D.TopredictwhatwillhappentotheAlps’glaciers.14.WhatdidBernardinChavaillazexpressinthelastparagraph?A.Hisadviceonprotectingglaciers. B.Hisconfusioninfindinghisidentity.C.Hisconcernoverthelossofglaciers. D.Hisinterestinimprovingtheeconomy.15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.GlaciersintheAlpsAreDisappearingRapidlyB.ClimateChangeIsPresentingaThreattotheAlpsC.SummerHeatwavesHittheAlpsMoreFrequentlyD.MeasuresAreNeededtoProtecttheAlps’Glaciers【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講的是由于氣候變更，世界上大多數(shù)山地冰川正在消融，其中歐洲阿爾卑斯山的冰川尤其脆弱。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，阿爾卑斯山冰川的溶化面積可能會(huì)創(chuàng)下近60年來(lái)的新高?！?2題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段的“Duringthisheatwave,theelevation(海拔)atwhichwaterfrozewasmeasuredatarecordhighof5,184meters—atanaltitudehigherthanMontBlanc’s—comparedwiththenormalsummerlevelofbetween3,000-3,500meters.(在這次熱浪中，水結(jié)冰的海拔達(dá)到了創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的5184米——比勃朗峰還要高——相比之下，正常的夏季海拔在3000-3500米之間。)”可知，在這次熱浪中，阿爾卑斯山脈的冰點(diǎn)海拔高度達(dá)到創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的5184米，而正常夏天的冰點(diǎn)高度一般介于3000米至3500米之間，因此它是急速上升。故選B。【13題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段“Mostoftheworld’smountainglaciersareshrinkingduetoclimatechange.ButthoseintheEuropeanAlpsareespeciallyvulnerable(脆弱的)becausetheyaresmallerwithrelativelylittleicecover.Meanwhile,temperaturesintheAlpsarewarmingataround0.3oCperdecade—aroundtwiceasfastastheglobalaverage.(由于氣候變更，世界上大部分山地冰川都在縮小。但歐洲阿爾卑斯山脈的山脈尤其脆弱，因?yàn)樗鼈兠娣e較小，冰覆蓋相對(duì)較少。與此同時(shí)，阿爾卑斯山的氣溫正以每十年0.3攝氏度的速度上升——大約是全球平均速度的兩倍。)”可知，第三段的主要目的是說(shuō)明阿爾卑斯山的冰川為何處于危急之中。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段““Losingtheglaciersmeanslosingournationalheritageandouridentity,”saidhikerBernardinChavaillaz.(登山者BernardinChavaillaz說(shuō):“失去冰川意味著失去我們的民族遺產(chǎn)和身份。”)”可知，BernardinChavaillaz在最終一段表達(dá)了他對(duì)冰川消逝的擔(dān)憂(yōu)。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“TheAlps’glaciers(冰川)areontrackfortheirhighestmasslossesinatleast60yearsofrecordkeeping,datasharedwithReutersshows.(路透社共享的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，阿爾卑斯山的冰川正在經(jīng)驗(yàn)至少60年來(lái)最大的大規(guī)模損失。)”和第三段的“Mostoftheworld’smountainglaciersareshrinkingduetoclimatechange.ButthoseintheEuropeanAlpsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausetheyaresmallerwithrelativelylittleicecover.(由于氣候變更，世界上大部分山地冰川都在縮小。但歐洲阿爾卑斯山脈的山脈尤其脆弱，因?yàn)樗鼈兠娣e較小，冰覆蓋相對(duì)較少。)”可知，本文主要講的是由于氣候變更，世界上大多數(shù)山地冰川正在消融，其中歐洲阿爾卑斯山的冰川尤其脆弱。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，阿爾卑斯山冰川的溶化面積可能會(huì)創(chuàng)下近60年來(lái)的新高，因此最好的題目是A選項(xiàng)“GlaciersintheAlpsAreDisappearingRapidly(阿爾卑斯山的冰川正在快速消逝)”，故選A?！?3】廣東省廣州市第五中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期10月月Parentingtechniquesmayhavelonglastingconsequencesforbehavior—evenwhenitcomestodogs.ResearchersattheUniversityofPennsylvaniastudiedtheearlydevelopmentparentingandthefollowingperformanceof98puppieswhounderwentguidedogtraining.Dogswhoreceivedmoreindependenceandlesssupportfromtheirmothersweremorelikelytobesuccessfulinbecomingaguidedog.ThestudywaspublishedMondayinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Mom-pupinteractionswereusedtodefinehowhighlyinvolvedthepuppy’smotherswere.Puppiesraisedwithhighlyinvolvedmothersweremorelikelytobereleased—ordroppedoutfromtheguidedogprogram—comparedtothosewithlessattentivemothers.“Toomuchofagoodthingcanbeabadthing,”saidleadstudyresearcherEmilyBray.Althoughthestudycouldn’tdefinitelypointtowhatwasdrivingthiseffect,“onepossibilityisthatthedogsthatarehavingoverbearing(專(zhuān)橫的)mothersarenevergiventhechancetodealwithsmallchallengesontheirown,andisharmfultotheirlaterbehaviorandoutcomeintheirproblemsolving.Anotherpossibilityisthatthepuppiesforwhomthemothersarealwaysaroundarealsothemostanxiousorstressed,”sheexplained.“WhatIwashappyaboutwasthatthereisastudybeingdoneaboutearlylifeexperiencesindogs,”anotherresearcherDoloresHolesaid.“Ifthemomistryingtoprotectherpupsagainstsmallchallenges,thentheywillnotbesuitedforthebigchallenges.”Thestudyincludedthreebreeds(品種):Germanshepherds,LabradorretrieversandGoldenretrievers.Thepuppieswerefollowedfromthefirstweeksoflifeforseveralyears.Interestingly,Labradorretrieverstendedtowashoutfromtheprogram,whileGoldenretrieverstendedtosucceed.Asforwhetherthefindingscanbeappliedtohumanbabiesofso-called“helicopterparents,”Braywashesitant.“Ithinkpeoplecandrawparallels(相像之處),butIthinkyoualsohavetobecarefulbecausetheyaredifferentspecies,”shesaid.Sheadded,“Thenicethingaboutdogsisthattheyarealotlesscomplicatedthanhumans.”8.Whatmakessuccessfulguidedogsaccordingtothestudy?A.Lessattentiveowners. B.Morepracticaltraining.C.Lesssupportivemothers. D.Moretenseenvironment.9.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Thenecessityofmom-pupinteractions.B.Somecharacteristicsofgoodguidedogs.C.Thesignificanceofhighparentalinvolvement.D.Potentialcausesofsomepuppies’poorperformance.10.WhatcanweknowaboutLabradorretrieversinthestudy?A.Theychoosetostay. B.Theyfailtobequalified.C.Theyrisetochallenges. D.Theyareeasytonotice.11.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ParentingtechniquescanapplytoguidedogsB.GuidedogsarelesscomplicatedthanhumansC.ResearchershelpraisepublicawarenessofblindpeopleD.Astudyisdoneaboutearlylifeexperiencesofhumanbabies【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章向讀者分析了犬類(lèi)早期家庭教化對(duì)于其后天實(shí)力形成及個(gè)體發(fā)展的影響。通過(guò)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行闡述，并探討了這一結(jié)論是否能被應(yīng)用于人類(lèi)身上這一點(diǎn)?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中“Dogswhoreceivedmoreindependenceandlesssupportfromtheirmothersweremorelikelytobesuccessfulinbecomingaguidedog.(從母親那里獲得更多獨(dú)立性和較少支持的狗更有可能勝利成為導(dǎo)盲犬。)”可知，來(lái)自母親的支持更少的狗狗更可能成為一條勝利的導(dǎo)盲犬。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。依據(jù)第四段中“onepossibilityisthatthedogsthatarehavingoverbearing（專(zhuān)橫的）mothersarenevergiventhechancetodealwithsmallchallengesontheirown,andisharmfultotheirlaterbehaviorandoutcomeintheirproblemsolving.Anotherpossibilityisthatthepuppiesforwhomthemothersarealwaysaroundarealsothemostanxiousorstressed.(一種可能是，那些有專(zhuān)橫的母親的狗從來(lái)沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)自己處理小挑戰(zhàn)，這對(duì)它們以后的行為和解決問(wèn)題的結(jié)果是有害的。另一種可能是，總是有媽媽在身邊的小狗也是最焦慮或壓力最大的。)”可知，本段主要說(shuō)明白有一些狗狗不能成為導(dǎo)盲犬的緣由，即第四段主要分析了使得狗寶寶表現(xiàn)不佳的緣由。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第六段中“Thestudyincludedthreebreeds（品種）:Germanshepherds,LabradorretrieversandGoldenretrievers.Thepuppieswerefollowedfromthefirstweeksoflifeforseveralyears.Interestingly,Labradorretrieverstendedtowashoutfromtheprogram,whileGoldenretrieverstendedtosucceed.(該探討的探討對(duì)象包括三個(gè)品種：德牧、拉布拉多和金毛。這些幼犬從誕生后幾周就被跟蹤視察了數(shù)年。好玩的是，拉布拉多獵犬往往會(huì)被淘汰，而金毛往往會(huì)勝利。)”可知，拉布拉多獵犬往往會(huì)被淘汰，而金毛往往會(huì)勝利。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。依據(jù)本文通過(guò)試驗(yàn)舉例分析了父母早期教化對(duì)于犬類(lèi)日后成長(zhǎng)發(fā)展的影響，并探討了不同教化對(duì)于犬類(lèi)的不同影響。A選項(xiàng)“Parentingtechniquescanapplytoguidedogs.(育兒技巧也適用于導(dǎo)盲犬)”最能概括文章內(nèi)容。故選A?！?4】浙江省強(qiáng)基聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期10月聯(lián)考InJapan,youarewhatyourbloodtypeis.Aperson’sbloodtypeispopularlybelievedtodecidehis/hercharacterandpersonality.Type-Apeoplearegenerallyconsideredsensitiveperfectionistsandgoodteamplayers,butover-anxious.TypeOsarecuriousandgenerousbutstubborn.TypeABsareartisticbutmysteriousandunpredictable,andtypeBsarecheerfulbuteccentric,individualistic,andselfish.Thoughlackingscientificevidence,thisbeliefiswidelyseeninbooks,magazines,andtelevisionshows.Lastyear,fourofJapan’stop10bestsellerswereabouthowbloodtypedeterminespersonality,throughwhichreadersseemedtobeabletodiscoverthedefinitionoftheirbloodtypeorhavetheirself-imageconfirmed.Theblood-typebeliefhasbeenusedinunusualways.ThewomensoftballteamthatwongoldforJapanattheBeijingOlympicsisreportedtohaveusedblood-typetheoriestocustomizetrainingforeachplayer.Somekindergartenshaveadoptedteachingmethodsalongbloodgrouplines,andevenmajorcompaniesreportedlymakedecisionsaboutassignmentsbasedonanemployee’sbloodtype.In1990,MitsubishiElectronicswasreportedtohaveannouncedtheformationofateamcomposedentirelyofABworkers,thanksto“theirabilitytomakeplans”.Thebeliefevenaffectspolitics.OneformerprimeministerconsidereditimportantenoughtorevealinhisofficialprofilethathewasatypeA,whilehisoppositionrivalwastypeB.In2011,aminister,RyuMatsumoto,wasforcedtoresignafteronlyaweekinoffice,whenabad-temperedencounterwithlocalofficialswastelevised.Inhisresignationspeech,heblamedhisfailingsonthefactthathewasbloodtypeB.Theblood-typecraze,consideredsimplyharmlessfunbysomeJapanese,mayrevealitselfasprejudiceanddiscrimination.Infact,thisseemssocommonthattheJapanesenowhaveatermforit:bura-hara,meaningblood-typeharassment(騷擾).Therearereportsofdiscriminationleadingtochildrenbeingbullied,endingofhappyrelationships,andlossofjobopportunitiesduetobloodtype.8.What’sthemainideaofparagraph1?A.TheJapaneseattachgreatimportancetobloodtype.B.ThebooksaboutbloodtypearepopularinJapan.C.TheJapaneseconfirmtheirpersonalitytotallythroughbloodtype.D.TheJapanesethinkbloodtypebestsellersareimportanttotheirself-image.9.Accordingtothepassage,whichbloodtypecanweinferistheLEASTfavoredinJapan?A.TypeA. B.TypeB.C.TypeO. D.TypeAB.10.PrimeMinisterRyuMatsumotoresignedfromofficebecause________.A.herevealedhisrival’sbloodtypeB.hewasseenbehavingrudelyonTVC.heblamedhisfailingsonlocalofficialsD.hewasdiscriminatedagainstbecauseofbloodtype11.Whatisthespeaker’sattitudetowardtheblood-typebeliefinJapan?A.Negative. B.Defensive.C.Objective. D.Encouraging.【答案】8.A9.B10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。本文主要介紹血型在日本特別重要，以日本人在血型上的看法?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段“InJapan,youarewhatyourbloodtypeis.Aperson’sbloodtypeispopularlybelievedtodecidehis/hercharacterandpersonality.Type-Apeoplearegenerallyconsideredsensitiveperfectionistsandgoodteamplayers,butover-anxious.TypeOsarecuriousandgenerousbutstubborn.TypeABsareartisticbutmysteriousandunpredictable,andtypeBsarecheerfulbuteccentric,individualistic,andselfish.Thoughlackingscientificevidence,thisbeliefiswidelyseeninbooks,magazines,andtelevisionshows.Lastyear,fourofJapan’stop10bestsellerswereabouthowbloodtypedeterminespersonality,throughwhichreadersseemedtobeabletodiscoverthedefinitionoftheirbloodtypeorhavetheirself-imageconfirmed.”（在日本，你就是你的血型。人們普遍認(rèn)為，一個(gè)人的血型確定了他/她的性格和特性。A類(lèi)人通常被認(rèn)為是敏感的完備主義者和優(yōu)秀的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作者，但過(guò)于焦慮。O型性格新奇心強(qiáng)，慷慨大方，但很固執(zhí)。AB型是藝術(shù)型，但神奇莫測(cè)；B型是歡樂(lè)型，但怪異，個(gè)人主義，自私。盡管缺乏科學(xué)證據(jù)，但這一信念在書(shū)籍、雜志和電視節(jié)目中廣泛存在。去年，日本十大暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)中有四本是關(guān)于血型如何確定特性的，通過(guò)這些書(shū)，讀者好像能夠發(fā)覺(jué)血型的定義，或者確認(rèn)他們的自我形象）可知，第一段主要講解并描述日本人認(rèn)為他們的血型很重要。故選A。【9題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段“Thebeliefevenaffectspolitics.OneformerprimeministerconsidereditimportantenoughtorevealinhisofficialprofilethathewasatypeA,whilehisoppositionrivalwastypeBIn2011,aminister,RyuMatsumoto,wasforcedtoresignafteronlyaweekinoffice,whenabad-temperedencounterwithlocalofficialswastelevised.Inhisresignationspeech,heblamedhisfailingsonthefactthathewasbloodtypeB.”（這種信仰甚至影響政治。一位前首相認(rèn)為，在其官方簡(jiǎn)介中透露自己是A型血人足夠重要，而他的反對(duì)對(duì)手是B型血人。2011年，部長(zhǎng)松本龍一在任職僅一周后就被迫辭職，當(dāng)時(shí)電視轉(zhuǎn)播了他與地方官員的一次脾氣急躁的遭受。在辭職演說(shuō)中，他將自己的失敗歸咎于自己是B型血）可知，前首相讓民眾信任自己的對(duì)手是B型血，以及松本龍一把自己的失敗歸咎于是B型血。由此推知，B型血應(yīng)當(dāng)是最不被大家喜愛(ài)的血型。故選B?！?0題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段“In2011,aminister,RyuMatsumoto,wasforcedtoresignafteronlyaweekinoffice,whenabad-temperedencounterwithlocalofficialswastelevised.”（2011年，一位部長(zhǎng)松本龍一在任職僅一周后就被迫辭職，當(dāng)時(shí)電視轉(zhuǎn)播了他與地方官員的一次脾氣急躁的遭受）可知，松本龍一在任職僅一周后就被迫辭職是因?yàn)檗D(zhuǎn)播了他的不當(dāng)行為。故選B。【11題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“Theblood-typecraze,consideredsimplyharmlessfunbysomeJapanese,mayrevealitselfasprejudiceanddiscrimination.Infact,thisseemssocommonthattheJapanesenowhaveatermforit:bura-hara,meaningblood-typeharassment(騷擾).Therearereportsofdiscriminationleadingtochildrenbeingbullied,endingofhappyrelationships,andlossofjobopportunitiesduetobloodtype.”（血型熱，被一些日本人認(rèn)為是無(wú)害的玩笑，可能會(huì)暴露出偏見(jiàn)和卑視。事實(shí)上，這好像很常見(jiàn)，日本人現(xiàn)在有了一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)：burahara，意思是血型騷擾。有報(bào)道稱(chēng)，卑視導(dǎo)致兒童受到欺壓，結(jié)束了華蜜的關(guān)系，并因血型而失去了工作機(jī)會(huì)）推知，作者對(duì)血型是消極的看法。故選A?！?5】湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市長(zhǎng)郡中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)高三上學(xué)期月考卷（二）HundredsofnativeNorthAmericanplants,oftendismissedasweeds,deservealotmorerespect,accordingtoanewstudy.Theseplants,distantcousinsoffoodslikesunflowersandlettuce(萵苣),actuallyrepresentabotanicaltreasurenowfacingincreasedthreatsfromclimatechangeandhabitatloss.Thecropsthatthehumanracenowdependson,includinggrainslikewheatandtreefruitlikepeaches,originallywereselectedorbred(培育)fromplantsthatgrewwildhundredsorthousandsofyearsago.IntheU.S.,therearewildancestorsofblueberries,sweetpotatoes,onions,potatoes,andmanyotherfoodcrops.“Someofthemarequitecommon,”saysColinKhoury,aresearchscientistattheInternationalCenterforTropicalAgriculture.“Wildlettuceplantsgrowalongsidewalks,orinbackyards,butgounrecognized.”O(jiān)thercroprelativesarerareandthreatened.OneofKhoury’sfavoritesistheparadoxicalsunflower.”ItgrowsjustinwetlandsofthedesertsofNewMexicoandTexas.Littlesaltyareaswherethere’salittlebitofwaterbeneaththesoil,”hesays.Soplantgrowerscrossbreditwithcommercialsunflowersandcreatednewvarietiesthatcangrowinplaceswherethesoilcontainsmoresalt.Otherwildrelativesmaybehidingsimilarlyremarkablegifts,Khourysays,suchasgenesthatcouldhelptheirdomesticatedrelativessurvivediseases,ordealwithpests.Khouryandsomeofhiscolleaguesjustfinishedasurveyofabout600wildcroprelativesthatgrowinNorthAmerica,andtheyfoundthatmostoftheseplantsarethreatenedbythingslikefires,farminganddevelopment.Thescientistsarguethattheydeservemoreprotection.Foronething,“genebanks”shouldcollectandpreservethem.Inaddition,theseplantsneedmoreprotectionintheirnaturalhabitat.AccordingtoKhoury,thatdoesn’tnecessarilymeansettingasidelandforthem.Inmanycases,theplantsalreadyaregrowingonpubliclandthat’smanagedbytheU.S.ForestService(USFS)ortheBureauofLandManagement(BLM).“It’smoreaboutjustbeingawarethattheseplantsactuallyexist,”hesays.28.Whatdidthenewstudymainlyfocuson?A.Endangeredplantspecies.B.Wildrelativesoffoodcrops.C.Theimpactsofclimatechange.D.Thethreatsfromplanthabitatloss.29.Whatdoweknowabouttheparadoxicalsunflower?A.Itneedsmuchwatertogrowwell.B.Itgrowsalongsidewalksorinbackyards.C.Itseemscapableofsurvivingvariousdiseases.D.Ithelpscommercialsunflowersadapttosaltysoil.30.Howmightthescientistsfeelabouttheirsurveyresults?A.Relieved. B.Concerned. C.Annoyed. D.Critical.31.WhatmightKhourysuggesttheBLMdo?A.JoinhandswiththeUSFS.B.Setasidelandforwildplants.C.Collectgenesofthreatenedcropspecies.D.Learnaboutplantsonitsmanagedland.【答案】28.B29.D30.B31.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。我們現(xiàn)在所食用的多種植物都是從遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)期就存在的野生植物嫁接或育種而來(lái)。然而，這些植物的“野生遠(yuǎn)親”現(xiàn)在卻被人們棄之如草芥，沒(méi)有得到應(yīng)有的愛(ài)護(hù)和敬重。探討人員認(rèn)為，這些野生植物在幫助我們現(xiàn)存的植物應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變更、病蟲(chóng)害及棲息地丟失方面可以發(fā)揮巨大的作用，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)其加大愛(ài)護(hù)力度?！?8題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段的“HundredsofnativeNorthAmericanplants,oftendismissedasweeds,deservealotmorerespect,accordingtoanewstudy.Theseplants,distantcousinsoffoodslikesunflowersandlettuce,actuallyrepresentabotanicaltreasurenowfacingincreasedthreatsfromclimatechangeandhabitatloss.(依據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的探討，數(shù)百種北美本土植物，通常被認(rèn)為是雜草，應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)玫礁嗟木粗?。這些植物是向日葵和生菜等食物的遠(yuǎn)親，事實(shí)上是一種面臨氣候變更和棲息地丟失日益嚴(yán)峻威逼的植物珍寶。)”可知，這項(xiàng)新探討主要關(guān)注的是糧食作物的野生親緣。故選B?！?9題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Soplantgrowerscrossbreditwithcommercialsunflowersandcreatednewvarietiesthatcangrowinplaceswherethesoilcontainsmoresalt.(因此，植物種植者將它與商業(yè)向日葵雜交，創(chuàng)建出可以在土壤含鹽更多的地方生長(zhǎng)的新品種。)”可知，“theparadoxicalsunflower”與商用向日葵雜交產(chǎn)生的向日葵可適應(yīng)含鹽高的土壤。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Khouryandsomeofhiscolleaguesjustfinishedasurveyofabout600wildcroprelativesthatgrowinNorthAmerica,andtheyfoundthatmostoftheseplantsarethreatenedbythingslikefires,farminganddevelopment.(庫(kù)里和他的一些同事剛剛完成了一項(xiàng)對(duì)大約600種生長(zhǎng)在北美的野生作物親屬的調(diào)查，他們發(fā)覺(jué)這些植物中的大多數(shù)都受到火災(zāi)、農(nóng)業(yè)和開(kāi)發(fā)等因素的威逼。)”可知，科學(xué)家們對(duì)約600種野生植物進(jìn)行了調(diào)研后發(fā)覺(jué)，其中絕大多數(shù)的生存狀況不容樂(lè)觀，受到了諸如火災(zāi)、農(nóng)耕及社會(huì)發(fā)展的威逼。由此可推知，科學(xué)家們對(duì)其發(fā)覺(jué)會(huì)感到擔(dān)憂(yōu)。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段的“Inmanycases,theplantsalreadyaregrowingonpubliclandthat’smanagedbytheU.S.ForestService(USFS)ortheBureauofLandManagement(BLM).(在很多狀況下，這些植物已經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)在由美國(guó)林務(wù)局(USFS)或土地管理局(BLM)管理的公共土地上。)”和“It’smoreaboutjustbeingawarethattheseplantsactuallyexist(更重要的是要意識(shí)到這些植物的確存在)”可推知，Khoury可能會(huì)建議美國(guó)內(nèi)政部土地管理局去了解其管轄范圍內(nèi)的植物，從而愛(ài)護(hù)這些野生植物。故選D?！?6】河南省試驗(yàn)中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期其次次月考TheWorldHealthOrganizationwarnsthatmillionsofpeoplearedyingeveryyearfromindoorairpollution.Nearlythreebillionpeopleareunabletousecleanfuelsandtechnologiesforcooking,heatingaswellaslighting.Thesefindingsshowthattheuseofdeadlyfuelsininefficientstoves,spaceheatersorlightsistoblameformanyofthesedeaths.WHOofficialssayindoorpollutionleadstoearlydeathsfromstroke,heartandlungdisease,childhoodpneumoniaandlungcancer.Womenandgirlsarethemainvictims.Thesediseasescanoftenresultfromtheburningofsolidfuels.Thesefuelsincludewood,coal,animalwaste,cropwasteandcharcoal.TheUnitedNationsfoundthatmorethan95percentofhouseholdsinsub-SaharanAfricadependonsolidfuelsforcooking.ItsayshugepopulationsinIndia,ChinaandLatinAmericancountries,suchasGuatermalaandPeru,arealsoatrisk.NigelBraceisaprofessorofPublicHealthattheUniversityofLiverpool.Hesaysresearchersaredevelopinggoodcook-stovesandotherequipmenttoburnfuelsinamoreefficientway.Therearealreadymultipletechnologiesavailableforuseincleanfuels.Thereisreallyquiteaneffectiveandreasonablylow-costalcoholstovemadebyDometic(aSweden-basedcompany)thatisnowbeingtestedout.LPG(LiquefieldPetroleumGas)cookisobviouslywidelyavailableandeffortsareunderwaytomakethoseefficient.Anotherinterestingdevelopmentiselectricinductionstoves.WHOexpertsnotethatsomenew,safeandlow-costtechnologiesthatcouldhelparealreadyavailable.InIndia,youcanbuyaninductionstoveforabout$8.00.AndinAfricayoucanbuyasolarlampforlessthan$1.00.Butthis,theagencysays,isjustastart.Itisurgingdevelopingcountriestousecleanerfuelsandincreaseaccesstocleanerandmoremoderncookingandheatingappliances/devices.12Whatdoestheindoorpollutionmainlyresultfrom?A.Poisonousfuels. B.Hightechnology. C.Spaceheaters. D.Solarenergy.13.HowisParagraph3mainlydeveloped?A.Byshowingdifferences. B.Bydescribingaprocess.C.Bymakingalist. D.Byanalyzingdata.14.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Indoorpollutionresultsinsomedeaths.B.Mostofthedeathsareindevelopingcountries.C.Thesolidfuelsareusedinmoreeffectiveways.D.Thereisnoindoorpollutionindevelopedcountries.15.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.LPGcooksarebeingtestedout. B.Alcoholstovesarewidelyusednow.C.Electricinductionstovesareexpensive. D.SolarlampsareverycheapinAfrica.【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。世界衛(wèi)生組織警告稱(chēng)，每年有數(shù)百萬(wàn)人死于室內(nèi)空氣污染。近30億人無(wú)法運(yùn)用清潔燃料和技術(shù)來(lái)做飯、取溫煦照明。文章說(shuō)明白室內(nèi)污染導(dǎo)致死亡的主要緣由、引發(fā)疾病以及應(yīng)對(duì)措施等?！?2題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“Thesefindingsshowthattheuseofdeadlyfuelsininefficientstoves,spaceheatersorlightsistoblameformanyofthesedeaths.(這些發(fā)覺(jué)表明，在低效的爐子、空間加熱器或照明中運(yùn)用致命燃料是造成很多死亡的緣由)”可知，室內(nèi)污染的主要緣由是有毒燃料。故選A?！?3題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段“WHO