考研英語動(dòng)態(tài)圖作文范文

考研英語動(dòng)態(tài)圖作文范文第1篇考研英語動(dòng)態(tài)圖作文范文第1篇①Fromthepicture(graph,chart,table,pie,bar)，weknowthat______________(圖表內(nèi)容總概括).②Ontheonehand,theleft/firstpicturetellsusthat______________(情況一，圖一/表一的內(nèi)容).③Ontheotherhand,(theright/second)pictureinformsusthat______________(情況二，圖二/表二的內(nèi)容).④Itcaneasilybeseenthat______________(揭示圖畫/表寓意)。

考研英語動(dòng)態(tài)圖作文范文第2篇閱讀理解部分：

1.effortlessadj.容易的,不費(fèi)力氣的

2.handicapn.障礙,阻礙,障礙賽跑v.妨礙,使不利,阻礙

3.adrivingforce動(dòng)力

4.aglowingperiod增長(zhǎng)時(shí)期，發(fā)展時(shí)期

5.unparalleledadj.無比的,無雙的,空前的

6.scalen.刻度,衡量,比例,數(shù)值范圍,比例尺,天平,等級(jí)

vt.依比例決定,攀登,測(cè)量

7.inevitableadj.不可避免的,必然的

8.predominancen.優(yōu)勢(shì)

9.ataloss困惑

10.fadingn.褪色,枯萎,衰退

11.textilen.紡織品adj.紡織的

12.sweepinto涌入

13.ontherope(爬山者)用繩相互系在一起

14.semiconductorn.[物]半導(dǎo)體

15.attheheartof關(guān)鍵

16.casualtyn.傷亡

17.prosperityn.繁榮

18.sensationaladj.使人感動(dòng)的,非常好的

19.lookbackon回憶

20.strugglingadj.奮斗的,努力的,苦斗的

21.devalued減值的,貶值的

22.yieldto屈服,讓步

23.onadiet吃規(guī)定的飲食

24.quick-witted機(jī)智

25.executiveadj.實(shí)行的,執(zhí)行的,行政的n.執(zhí)行者,經(jīng)理主管人員

26.thinktankn.智囊團(tuán)

27.dropto下降到，跌到

28.maturityn.成熱,完備,(票據(jù))到期,成熟

29.universaladj.普遍的,全體的,通用的,宇宙的,世界的

30.mortalityn.死亡率

31.excessn.過度,剩于,無節(jié)制,超過,超額adj.過度的,額外的

32.crucialadj.至關(guān)緊要的

33.dependon依賴，依靠

34.kilogramn.[物]千克,公斤

35.variationn.變更,變化,變異,變種,[音]變奏,變調(diào)

36.duetoadv.由于,應(yīng)歸于

37.suiciden.自殺,自毀,給自己帶來傷害或損失的行為

38.fertileadj.肥沃的,富饒的,能繁殖的

39.religiousadj.信奉宗教的,虔誠的,宗教上的,修道的，嚴(yán)格的n.僧侶,尼姑,修道士

40.offspringn.(單復(fù)數(shù)同形)兒女,子孫,后代,產(chǎn)物

41.takeadvantageof利用

42.diminishv.(使)減少,(使)變小

43.tribaladj.部落的,種族的

44.mediocrityn.平常,平庸之才

45.biologicaladj.生物學(xué)的

46.utopian.烏托邦,理想的完美境界,空想的社會(huì)改良計(jì)劃

47.physicaladj.身體的,物質(zhì)的,自然的,物理的n.體格檢查

48.transformvt.轉(zhuǎn)換,改變,改造,使...變形vi.改變,轉(zhuǎn)化,變換

n.[數(shù)]變換(式),[語]轉(zhuǎn)換

49.ignorantof不懂,不知道

50.organicadj.器官的,有機(jī)的,組織的,建制的

51.beyondprep.在(到)...較遠(yuǎn)的一邊,超過,那一邊adv.在遠(yuǎn)處n.遠(yuǎn)處

52.comprehensionn.理解,包含

53.descendantn.子孫,后裔,后代

54.findoutv.找出,發(fā)現(xiàn),查明(真相等),認(rèn)識(shí)到,想出,揭發(fā)

55.advocaten.提倡者,鼓吹者vt.提倡,鼓吹

56.aimatv.瞄準(zhǔn),針對(duì)

57.farfetchedadj.牽強(qiáng)的

58.beregardedas視為

59.withregardtoadv.關(guān)于

60.casen.事,病例,案例,情形,場(chǎng)合,訟案,容器,(語法)格

61.literaturen.文學(xué)(作品),文藝,著作,文獻(xiàn)

62.inbrief簡(jiǎn)單扼要地

63.consequentlyadv.從而,因此

64.undergovt.經(jīng)歷,遭受,忍受

65.requirevt.需要,要求,命令

66.pouroutv.訴說,傾吐

67.unhamperedadj.無妨礙的，無阻礙的

考研英語動(dòng)態(tài)圖作文范文第3篇①Asisvividlyshown/described/depictedinthecartoon/picture,______________(圖表內(nèi)容總概括).②Inthefirstpicture,______________(描述圖/表一內(nèi)容，如果是一個(gè)表，則可左或上半部分).③Asisshownintheseconddrawing/picture,______________(描述圖/表二內(nèi)容，如果是一個(gè)表，則右或下半部分).④Itissafetodrawtheconclusionthat______________(提示寓意，或主題句，回應(yīng)主題但不是主題句的重復(fù))。

考研英語動(dòng)態(tài)圖作文范文第4篇StudentUseofComputer

Studentstendtousecomputersmoreandmorefrequentlynowadays.Readingthischart,wecanfindthattheaveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweekhasincreasedsharply.In1990,itwaslessthan2hours;andin1995,itincreasedtoalmost4hours,andin2000,thenumbersoaredto20hours.

Obviouslycomputersarebecomingincreasinglypopular.Thereareseveralreasonsforthischange.First,computersfacilitateusinmoreaspectsoflife.Also,thefastdevelopmentoftheInternetenlargesourdemandsforusingcomputers.WecaneasilycontactwithfriendsinremoteplacesthroughtheInternet.Besides,thepricesofcomputersaregettinglowerandlower,whichenablesmorestudentstopurchasethem.

However,therestillexistsomeproblems,suchaspoorquality,out-of-datedesignsandsoon.Andhowtobalancethetimebetweenusingcomputersandstudyingisalsoaseriousproblem.Anyhow,wewillbenefitalotfromcomputersaslongasweusethemproperly.

考研英語動(dòng)態(tài)圖作文范文第5篇Thechartgivesusanoverallpictureofthe____________(圖表主題)Thefirstthingwenoticeisthat_______________(圖表最大特點(diǎn))Thismeansthatas__________，_________________(進(jìn)一步說明)

Wecanseefromthestatisticsgiventhat_______________(圖表細(xì)節(jié)一)Afterving_________(細(xì)節(jié)一中的第一個(gè)變化)，the_____Ved+幅度+時(shí)間(緊跟著的變化)Thefiguresalsotellsusthat_________________________(圖表細(xì)節(jié)二)(數(shù)據(jù)位置，如Inthesecondcolumn)，wecanseethat____________accountsfor_______(進(jìn)一步描述)

Judgingfromthesefigures，wecandrawtheconclusionthat___________(結(jié)論)Thereasonforthis，asfarasIamconcernedisthat_____________(給出原因)/ItishightimethatweVed(發(fā)出倡議)

考研英語動(dòng)態(tài)圖作文范文第6篇考研英語歷年命題規(guī)律

一、測(cè)試內(nèi)容的總體特點(diǎn)

1.注重語言意義，而非語言形式

近幾年的考研英語試題都有特定的語境和情景，體現(xiàn)了對(duì)語言意義的領(lǐng)悟與判斷。試卷里幾乎沒有死記硬背、單純使用語言形式來選擇選項(xiàng)的試題，而是更注重對(duì)考生語言意義理解能力的考查。

2.測(cè)試的基本點(diǎn)定位在語篇上

3.注重基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的測(cè)試，加強(qiáng)了對(duì)學(xué)生語言運(yùn)用能力的考核

在近幾年的考研英語試題中不在設(shè)置單純考查詞匯、語法的項(xiàng)目，這是否意味著考研試題忽略了對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的測(cè)試?在至的考研大綱中，都明確要求考生具備“在交際中更準(zhǔn)確、自如地運(yùn)用語法知識(shí)”這一語言能力。由此可見，考研英語絕不是不注重基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的測(cè)試，而是考核形式改變了，考查要求更高了?？佳杏⒄Z對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的測(cè)試貫穿在整個(gè)英語考卷中。完型填空題會(huì)直接考查語法知識(shí);閱讀理解題和英譯漢中有大量的長(zhǎng)難句，這些句子只有具備一定的語法知識(shí)才能正確分析;作文中要寫出正確無誤的句子，也需要語法知識(shí)做積淀。因此，考研英語是從語篇角度測(cè)試考生對(duì)英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的運(yùn)用能力。

4.注重選材的時(shí)代性和實(shí)用性

考研試題的素材均選自英文原版書籍、英文主流媒體和英語國家經(jīng)常閱讀的書刊。試卷中的文章均是原汁原味的真實(shí)語料，體現(xiàn)了語言的真實(shí)性和實(shí)用性。而且所選文章多來自最新的英文資料，更好的反映了當(dāng)代英語語言的時(shí)代特點(diǎn)。同時(shí)從歷年命制的試題看，被選取的文章的體裁絕大多數(shù)為議論性的、評(píng)論性的和報(bào)道性的;多為分析論證的文章，很少有純粹的文學(xué)文章。這同攻讀碩士學(xué)位研究生期間將面對(duì)大量的概括性強(qiáng)、抽象思維為主的材料有關(guān)。

二、試題的個(gè)性化特點(diǎn)

目前面向大學(xué)生及社會(huì)人員的大規(guī)模英語考試共有8種左右，但考研英語作為一種選拔性的考試在考查內(nèi)容、考查角度以及測(cè)試目標(biāo)上和其他考試都有著本質(zhì)區(qū)別，保持了自身獨(dú)特的特點(diǎn)。由于大英四、六級(jí)是考生普遍參加的一項(xiàng)考試，現(xiàn)僅對(duì)比分析考研英語與大英四六級(jí)。

考研英語與大英四、六級(jí)英語有如下具體的區(qū)別：

第一，詞匯?？佳杏⒄Z在詞匯上主要考察熟詞新義，有些中學(xué)詞匯的新用法都能考的一塌糊涂;四、六級(jí)英語主要考察生詞的第一意義或常用意義，只要你背了大綱的詞匯表，基本就沒問題;

第二，語言材料?？佳杏⒄Z的語言材料多長(zhǎng)難句;四、六級(jí)英語幾乎沒有長(zhǎng)難句，都是很簡(jiǎn)單的句子，意思幾乎一看就明白，不用仔細(xì)琢磨其意義;第三，試題選項(xiàng)。閱讀理解是考研和四六級(jí)都要考到的題型，但考研英語試題選項(xiàng)多陷阱，考生要有很強(qiáng)的分析能力和抗干擾的能力;四、六級(jí)英語試題選項(xiàng)的迷惑性不是很強(qiáng)，只要具備了相應(yīng)的閱讀能力，一眼就能看出哪個(gè)是正確答案，哪個(gè)是干擾項(xiàng)。

第四，大英四六級(jí)中也涉及翻譯、寫作題型，但考研英語對(duì)翻譯、寫作能力的考查在難度及復(fù)雜性上遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于大英四六級(jí)的要求;第五，考研閱讀理解B部分即閱讀理解新題型是考研獨(dú)有的題型，該題型主要考查考生對(duì)連貫性、一致性、邏輯性等語篇、語段整體性特征及文章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解，這對(duì)考生的綜合閱讀能力提出了更高的要求;第六，測(cè)試目的。考研英語體現(xiàn)的是難度，四、六級(jí)英語體現(xiàn)的是速度。比如一個(gè)閱讀片段，考研英語一般要花15分鐘去推敲琢磨，而六級(jí)英語必須在8-9分鐘作完;第七、大英四六級(jí)嚴(yán)格規(guī)定對(duì)試題的`作答順序而考研英語只需在三小時(shí)完成試題就可，至于答題的順序可根據(jù)個(gè)人喜好自主進(jìn)行。

綜上所述，大學(xué)英語四、六級(jí)是針對(duì)大部分大學(xué)生的一種測(cè)試，主要在于考查大學(xué)生在大學(xué)期間的英語學(xué)習(xí)成果，其宗旨是希望大多數(shù)學(xué)生都能夠在正規(guī)英語課堂訓(xùn)練之后通過這些測(cè)試，因此四、六級(jí)考的主要是水平和速度。而考研閱讀考的則是更高層次的英語能力，因?yàn)檠芯可雽W(xué)考試是一種選拔性測(cè)試，意在通過考試選出優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生進(jìn)行深造，因而對(duì)考生各方面的素質(zhì)和能力、包括英語閱讀能力提出了更高的要求。因此，想比四、六級(jí)考試的閱讀文章和閱讀題，考研閱讀文章選材更加廣泛，文章不論從長(zhǎng)度、詞匯、句子、還是邏輯等各個(gè)角度來說難度都遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于四、六級(jí)，同時(shí)命題也更加具有多變性和迷惑性。這些都對(duì)考生的實(shí)戰(zhàn)能力提出了更高的要求，特別要對(duì)閱讀理解題目的考點(diǎn)和命題原則知根知底。一般來說，四、六級(jí)閱讀每篇花大約8-10分鐘就能夠完成，而考研閱讀每篇?jiǎng)t需要15-20分鐘。

三、試題的唯一性

考研英語試題的命制是一門科學(xué)，也是一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)工程。需經(jīng)過前期命題理論的研究，試題的研發(fā)，題庫的規(guī)劃與建設(shè)，以及試題命制過程中的人力、財(cái)力與物力等的強(qiáng)有力的保障，才能達(dá)到考研試題的科學(xué)性、合理性、均衡性和前瞻性諸要求并能有效發(fā)揮考研試題的功能。而且試題在命制時(shí)要恪守七項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即：1.試題應(yīng)該符合該學(xué)科的學(xué)理邏輯;2.試題應(yīng)該符合語言發(fā)展的邏輯;3.試題應(yīng)該符合文化的發(fā)展規(guī)律;4.試題應(yīng)該符合測(cè)試學(xué)的一般規(guī)律;5.試題應(yīng)該符合試題命制的一般規(guī)律;6.試題應(yīng)該符合試題自身的功能目的;7.試題應(yīng)該符合統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義上的考點(diǎn)變化規(guī)律。

因此，經(jīng)過這樣一個(gè)周密而浩大的流程命制出的試題，試題所體現(xiàn)出的信度、效度、區(qū)分度是任何模擬試題都難以披靡的。而且在命題的過程中，命題人會(huì)窮盡市面上所有的考研輔導(dǎo)書籍，因此，考研試卷上的文章素材和哪本輔導(dǎo)書上的素材會(huì)雷同的可能性微乎其微，當(dāng)然，近幾年由于一些權(quán)威考研輔導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)匯聚了具有強(qiáng)大研究能力的考研輔導(dǎo)老師，這些考研輔導(dǎo)老師長(zhǎng)期對(duì)于研究生考試研究思考，他們有的就是以前的出題老師，有的就是某一科目的專家，他們對(duì)于整體形勢(shì)、命題重點(diǎn)都吃得很透，掌握了考試的規(guī)律，因此會(huì)屢屢有命中考研作文的捷報(bào)。考研試題的這種唯一性和不可復(fù)制性更彰顯了考研測(cè)試的公平性，那些試圖通過押題，猜題而突擊復(fù)習(xí)的考生必然會(huì)被扎扎實(shí)實(shí)、孜孜不倦學(xué)習(xí)的考生淘汰出局。

當(dāng)然，考研試題除了在測(cè)試內(nèi)容上具有唯一性外，還值得一提的是，既然考研的全稱是全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試，那自然是試卷由教育部考試中心統(tǒng)一命制，全國報(bào)考不同院校的考生大家共同作答唯一的一份試卷，雖然有些高?？梢宰灾鲃澏ǔ跏间浫》?jǐn)?shù)線，但他們也不具有單獨(dú)、自主命制試題的資格。

考研英語動(dòng)態(tài)圖作文范文第7篇FilmIsGivingWaytoTV

ItcanbeseenfromthegraphthattherateofcaraccidentsinWaltonCityexperiencedrisesandfallsin1990.FromJanuarytoMarchlastyearitincreasedby45%.FromMarchtoJuneitdroppedbyabouthalfthepreviousrate.FromJunetoAugusttherewasasteepriseof50%.Afterthat,however,therewasasteadydecrease.

Thereareseveralreasonsforthisimprovement,butthefollowingarethemostcriticalones.First,newtrafficregulationshavemadedriversmorecareful.Second,morepeopleareusingbicyclesfortransportation.Finally,inthelaterpartoftheyeargoodweathermadetheroadssafertodriveon.

IamconfidentthattherewillbeevenfewercaraccidentsinWaltoninthefuture.First,majorroadshavebeenrepairedandthenumberofpublicbuseshasbeenincreasedinthepastfewmonths.Moreover,atrafficsafetycampaignhasmadeallthelocalpeoplemoreawareofthedangersofunsafedriving.

考研英語圖表類作文(菁選2篇)（擴(kuò)展7）

——考研英語圖表作文套句優(yōu)選【一】篇

①Intheory,severalreasonsmaybringabouttheeventshowninthechart,butformypart,thefollowingtwoarethemostimportant.②Themainreasonisthat原因一.③Inaddition,thereistheotherpointthatnoonecanignore.④Thisissuealsoresultsfromthat原因二.

Theabovebarchartinformsusofthephenomenonthatthereexistsomedifferencesinadditionalworkinghoursamongdiversecareers,especiallybetweenself-employedbusinessmenandcivilservants.Self-employedbusinessmenspendnearly2hoursperdayinworkingovertime.Onthecontrary,civilservants’additionalworkinghoursistheshortest,onlylessthan50minutesperday.Theovertimeofscientificresearchers,culturalandsportsworkersandteachersis80minutes,70minutesand55minutesrespectively.

Amplereasonscanaccountforthisphenomenon.Firstly,tomakemoreprofits,self-employedbusinessmenhavetospendmoretimeinmanufacturingproducts,attractingcustomers,providingafter-saleservicesandmanagingstaff.Moreover,withthecompetitionbecomingfiercer,theyhavenoalternativebuttoworkovertimetoavoidbeingeliminatedbythemarketandtheirrivals.Whenitcomestocivilservants,thingshavegoneotherwise.Confrontedwithlessrisksaswellaspressuresandleadingasteadyandroutinelife,theydon’thavetoworkovertimefrequently.

Workingovertimeisatwo-bladedsword.Surely,itwillgenerateconsiderablebenefits.However,itwillgiverisetosomedamages,especiallytoourhealth.Weshouldbalanceourwork,lifeandhealthorwewilleventuallybecomeamachineandsalveofwork.

Fromthetablechartgivenabove,wecanobservethatitreflectsthestatisticsofstudents’graduationintentions.From2004to2012,theproportionofstudentswhoweredeterminedtofurtherstudyincreasedrapidlyfrom45%to76%.Duringthesameperiod,thepercentageofstudentswhowerewillingtoworkaftergraduationremainssteady,around55%to60%.

Thetablechartinformsusofthephenomenonthatstudentsinincreasingnumbersarewillingtofurtherstudyaftergraduation.Whatexactlycontributestothisphenomenon?Reasonscanbelistedasfollows:foronething,facedwithintensecompetitioninthesociety,quiteafewstudentsareconvincedthatahighereducationwillputtheminacompetitivepositioninthefutureemploymentmarket.Foranother,theirdecisioncouldalsobeattributedtothepowerofso-called“groupdynamics”:whentheirfriendsandclassmateschoosetostudyaftergraduation,theywillbeinfluencedeasilyandimitateother’sbehavior.

Byobservingthetendencyofthepast,wemayforecastthattheproportionoffurtherstudywillcontinuetorise.However,studentsshouldbearinmindthatahighereducationwillnotguaranteethemanidealjob.Itiscapabilitiesandskillsthatdeterminetheirfuture.

①Thereisnodenyingthatthechartdepicts標(biāo)題,anditattractsoureyes.

動(dòng)態(tài)圖②Thechartrepresentsthat全部指數(shù)have(has)revealeddramaticchangesduring時(shí)間.③Especially,某指數(shù)experiencedthegreatestchange,jumping/droppingfrom數(shù)字to數(shù)字duringthistime.

靜態(tài)圖②Thechartrepresentsthat主體人物show(s)totallydifferentinclinationstowardstheissueof話題.③Onthebasisoftheabovechart,thepercentageof某指數(shù)isthehighestamongalltheparts,atabout數(shù)字.

④Obviously,thetendencyshouldbegivenmoreconsideration.

考研英語動(dòng)態(tài)圖作文范文第8篇考研英語真題答案及詳細(xì)解析

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat__1_theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby_2_factors.ButDrSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig_3_wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith._4_,hetheorisedthatajudge_5_ofappearingtoosoft_6_crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison__7_hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.

To__8__thisidea,theyturnedtheirattentiontotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the____9___ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers___10____randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas____11____.

Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews_12_by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad_13_applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale_14_numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere_15_usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGMAT,astandardisedexamwhichis_16_outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.

DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswaspointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone_17__that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould_18_byanaverageofpoints.Thismightsoundsmall,butto_19_theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen_20__.

1.AgrantsBsubmitsCtransmitsDdilivers

2.AminorBexternalCcrucialDobjective

3.AissueBvisionCpictureDmoment

4.AAboveallBOnaverageCInprincipleDForexample

5.AfondBfearfulCcapableDthoughtless

6.AinBforCtoDon

7.AifBuntilCthoughDunless

8.A.test

9.

10.

11.

12.A.inspiredB.expressedC.conductedD.secured

13.A.assignedB.ratedC.matchedD.arranged

14.A.putB.gotC.tookD.gave

15.A.insteadB.thenC.everD.rather

16.A.selectedB.passedC.markedD.introduced

17.AbelowBafterCaboveDbefore

18.AjumpBfloatCfluctuateDdrop

19.AachieveBundoCmaintainDdisregard

20.AnecessaryBpossibleCpromisingDhelpful

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

InthefilmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther,Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishwoulddescribedinOverdressed,EliazabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable-meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat–andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$knitminiskirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableandwasteful,”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear–about64itemsperperson–andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosincehasmadeallofherownclothes–andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff.

Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment–includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline–Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordnotto.

21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher

[A]poorbargainingskill.

[B]insensitivitytofashion.

[C]obsessionwithhighfashion.

[D]lackofimagination.

22.AccordingtoCline,mass-maketlabelsurgeconsumersto

[A]combatunnecessarywaste.

[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.

[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.

[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.

23.Theword“indictment”(Line3,)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]accusation.

[B]enthusiasm.

[C]indifference.

[D]tolerance.

24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelaseparagraph?

[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.

[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.

[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.

[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.

25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.

[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.

[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.

[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.

Text2

Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.

Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

InDecemberAmerica'sFederalTradeCornmission(FTC)proposedaddinga“donottrack”(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladwertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigltalAdwertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespongingtoDNTrequests.

OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GetingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.

AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Atterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,M

Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,bloggde:“webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol.”Coulditreallybethatsimple?

26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersto:

[A]easecompetitionamongthemselves

[B]lowertheiroperationalcosts

[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers

[D]providebetteronlineservices

27.“Theindustry”(Line6,)refersto:

[A]onlineadvertisers

[B]e-commerceconductors

[C]digitalinformationanalysis

[D]internetbrowserdevelopers

28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault

[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads

[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry

[C]willnotbenefitconsumers

[D]goesagainsthumannature

29.whichofthefollowingistureaccordingto

[A]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose

[B]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT

[C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers

[D]Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouralads

30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:

[A]indulgence

[B]understanding

[C]appreciaction

[D]skepticism

Text3

Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely-thoughbynomeansuniformly-glowinglypositive.Scienceandtechnologywouldcurealltheillsofhumanity,leadingtolivesoffulfillmentandopportunityforall.

Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketoepidemicfluandtoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.

Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshaveenduredformillionsofyears-sowhyshouldn'twe?Takeabroaderlookatourspecies'placeintheuniverse,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears.LookupHomosapiensinthe“RedList”ofthreatenedspeciesoftheInternationalUnionfortheConversationofNature(IUCN),andyouwillread:“ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline.”

Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganisationsarenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundationhasitsflagshipprojectamedicalclockthatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearshence.

Perhapswillfully,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday'stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit'sperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That'sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture.

Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.

Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughtoreducemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetocome.

31.Ourvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredby

[A]ourdesireforlivesoffulfillment

[B]ourfaithinscienceandtechnology

[C]ourawarenessofpotentialrisks

[D]ourbeliefinequalopportunity

32.TheIUCN’s“RedList”suggestthathumanbeingare

[A]asustainedspecies

[B]athreatentotheenvironment

[C]theworld’sdominantpower

[D]amisplacedrace

33.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph5?

[A]Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies.

[B]Technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem.

[C]Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise.

[D]OurImmediatefutureishardtoconceive.

34.Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialto

[A]exploreourplanet’sabundantresources

[B]adoptanoptimisticviewoftheworld

[C]drawonourexperiencefromthepast

[D]curbourambitiontoreshapehistory

35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]UncertaintyaboutOurFuture

[B]EvolutionoftheHumanSpecies

[C]TheEver-brightProspectsofMankind

[D]Science,TechnologyandHumanity

Text4

Onafivetothreevote,theSupremeCourtknockedoutmuchofArizona'simmigrationlawMonday-amodestpolicyvictoryfortheObamaonthemoreimportantmatteroftheConstitution,thedecisionwasan8-0defeatforthefederalgovernmentandthestates.

AnStates,themajorityoverturnedthreeofthefourcontestedprovisionsofArizona'scontroversialplantohavestateandlocalpoliceenfourfederalimmigrationsConstitutionalprinciplesthatWashingtonalonehasthepowerto“establishauniformRuleofAnturalization”andthatfederallawsprecedestatelawsarehadattemptedtofashionstatepolicethatrantotheexistingfederalones.

JusticeAnthonyKennedy,joinedbyChiefJusticeJohnRobertsandtheCourt'sliberals,ruledthatthestateflewtooclosetothefederalsun.Ontheoverturnedprovisionsthemajorityheldthecongresshaddeliberately“occupiedthefield”andArizonahadthusintrudedonthefederal'sprivilegedpowers

However,theJusticessaidthatArizonapolicewouldbeallowedtoverifythelegalstatusofpeoplewhocomeincontactwithlaw’sbecauseCongresshasalwaysenvisionedjointfederal-stateimmigrationenforcementandexplicitlyencouragesstateofficerstoshareinformationandcooperatewithfederalcolleagues.

TwoofthethreeobjectingJustice-SamuelAlitoandClarenceThomas-agreedwiththisConstitutionallogicbutdisagreedaboutwhichArizonarulesconflictedwiththefederalstatute.TheonlymajorobjectioncamefromJusticeAntoninScalia,whoofferedanevenmorerobustdefenseofstateprivilegesgoingbacktothealienandSeditionActs.

The8-0objectiontoPresidentObamaturesonwhatJusticeSamuelAlitodescribesinhisobjectionas“ashockingassertionassertionoffederalexecutivepower”.TheWhiteHousearguedthaArizona’slawsconflictedwithitsenforcementpriorities,evenifstatelawscompliedwithfederalstatutestotheletter.Ineffect,theWhiteHouseclaimedthatitcouldinvalidateanyotherwiselegitimatestatelawthatitdisagreeswith.

Somepowersdobelongexclusivelytothefederalgovernment,andcontrolofcitizenshipandthebordersisamongthem.ButifCongresswantedtopreventstatesfromusingtheirownresourcestocheckimmigrationstatus,itneverdidadministrationwasinessenceassertingthatbecauseitdidn'twanttocarryoutCongress'simmigrationwishes,nostateshouldbeallowedtodosoJusticerightlyrejectedthisremarkableclaim.

36.ThreeprovisionsofArizona’splanwereoverturnedbecausethey

[A]deprivedthefederalpoliceofConstitutionalpowers.

[B]disturbedthepowerbalancebetweendifferentstates.

[C]oversteppedtheauthorityoffederalimmigrationlaw.

[D]contradictedboththefederalandstatepolicies.

37.OnwhichofthefollowingdidtheJusticesag