高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)二輪用書(shū)英語(yǔ)(新高考)專(zhuān)題1 NO.3　易錯(cuò)防范•警惕6個(gè)高頻易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2024專(zhuān)題一閱讀理解NO.3易錯(cuò)防范?警惕6個(gè)高頻易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2目錄索引0102易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)303易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)404易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)505易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)606易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1忽視干擾項(xiàng)中的以偏概全、擴(kuò)大或縮小概括范圍[典例印證1]

(2022全國(guó)甲卷,B)Goffin’s

cockatoos,a

kind

of

small

parrot

native

to

Australasia,have

been

shown

to

have

similar

shape-recognition

abilities

to

a

human

two-year-old.Though

not

known

to

use

tools

in

the

wild,the

birds

have

proved

skilful

at

tool

use

while

kept

in

the

cage.In

a

recent

experiment,cockatoos

were

presented

with

a

box

with

a

nut

inside

it.The

clear

front

of

the

box

had

a

“keyhole”

in

a

geometric

shape,and

the

birds

were

given

five

differently

shaped

“keys”

to

choose

from.Inserting

the

correct“key”

would

let

out

the

nut.In

humans,babies

can

put

a

round

shape

in

a

round

hole

from

around

one

year

of

age,but

it

will

be

another

year

before

they

are

able

to

do

the

same

with

less

symmetrical(對(duì)稱(chēng)的)

shapes.This

ability

to

recognize

that

a

shape

will

need

to

be

turned

in

a

specific

direction

before

it

will

fit

is

called

an

“allocentric

frame

of

reference”.In

the

experiment,Goffin’s

cockatoos

were

able

to

select

the

right

tool

for

the

job,in

most

cases,by

visual

recognition

alone.Where

trial-and-error

was

used,the

cockatoos

did

better

than

monkeys

in

similar

tests.This

indicates

that

Goffin’s

cockatoos

do

indeed

possess

an

allocentric

frame

of

reference

when

moving

objects

in

space,similar

to

two-year-old

babies.The

next

step,according

to

the

researchers,is

to

try

and

work

out

whether

the

cockatoos

rely

entirely

on

visual

clues(線索),or

also

use

a

sense

of

touch

in

making

their

shape

selections.27.Which

can

be

a

suitable

title

for

the

text?A.Cockatoos:Quick

Error

CheckersB.Cockatoos:Independent

LearnersC.Cockatoos:Clever

Signal-ReadersD.Cockatoos:Skilful

Shape-Sorters[錯(cuò)因]考生易錯(cuò)選C項(xiàng)。部分學(xué)生認(rèn)為整篇文章都在介紹鳳頭鸚鵡的形狀識(shí)別能力,鳳頭鸚鵡之所以能夠認(rèn)出形狀,是因?yàn)樗苈斆?能讀懂信號(hào),所以誤選了C項(xiàng),選擇C項(xiàng)的學(xué)生思路過(guò)度延伸,夸大了鳳頭鸚鵡的能力。[點(diǎn)撥]本篇說(shuō)明文主要介紹澳大利亞的鳳頭鸚鵡已被證明具有與兩歲兒童相似的形狀識(shí)別能力。第一段的第一句是主旨句,表明鳳頭鸚鵡有識(shí)別形狀的能力,接著提到鸚鵡擅長(zhǎng)使用工具,能夠選擇不同形狀的鑰匙。[自主解答]

D[典例印證2]

(2021新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷,C)When

the

explorers

first

set

foot

upon

the

continent

of

North

America,the

skies

and

lands

were

alive

with

an

astonishing

variety

of

wildlife.Native

Americans

had

taken

care

of

these

precious

natural

resources

wisely.Unfortunately,it

took

the

explorers

and

the

settlers

who

followed

only

a

few

decades

to

decimate

a

large

part

of

these

resources.Millions

of

waterfowl(水禽)

were

killed

at

the

hands

of

market

hunters

and

a

handful

of

overly

ambitious

sportsmen.Millions

of

acres

of

wetlands

were

dried

to

feed

and

house

the

ever-increasing

populations,greatly

reducing

waterfowl

habitat(棲息地).In

1934,with

the

passage

of

the

Migratory

Bird

Hunting

Stamp

Act(Act),an

increasingly

concerned

nation

took

firm

action

to

stop

the

destruction

of

migratory(遷徙的)

waterfowl

and

the

wetlands

so

vital

to

their

survival.Under

this

Act,all

waterfowl

hunters

16

years

of

age

and

over

must

annually

purchase

and

carry

a

Federal

Duck

Stamp.The

very

first

Federal

Duck

Stamp

was

designed

by

J.N.“Ding”

Darling,a

political

cartoonist

from

Des

Moines,Iowa,who

at

that

time

was

appointed

by

President

Franklin

Roosevelt

as

Director

of

the

Bureau

of

Biological

Survey.Hunters

willingly

pay

the

stamp

price

to

ensure

the

survival

of

our

natural

resources.About

98

cents

of

every

duck

stamp

dollar

goes

directly

into

the

Migratory

Bird

Conservation

Fund

to

purchase

wetlands

and

wildlife

habitat

for

inclusion

into

the

National

Wildlife

Refuge

System—a

fact

that

ensures

this

land

will

be

protected

and

available

for

all

generations

to

come.Since

1934,better

than

half

a

billion

dollars

has

gone

into

that

Fund

to

purchase

more

than

5

million

acres

of

habitat.Little

wonder

the

Federal

Duck

Stamp

Program

has

been

called

one

of

the

most

successful

conservation

programs

ever

initiated.31.Which

of

the

following

is

a

suitable

title

for

the

text?A.The

Federal

Duck

Stamp

StoryB.The

National

Wildlife

Refuge

SystemC.The

Benefits

of

Saving

WaterfowlD.The

History

of

Migratory

Bird

Hunting[錯(cuò)因]考生易錯(cuò)選D項(xiàng)。部分學(xué)生根據(jù)第一段中“the

explorers

first

set

foot

upon

the

continent

of

North

America”“Millions

of

waterfowl

(水禽)

were

killed

at

the

hands

of

market

hunters

and

a

handful

of

overly

ambitious

sportsmen.”等信息誤選了D項(xiàng)。雖然原文第一段中提到了hunting,但它只是文章的一個(gè)小細(xì)節(jié),不足以概括文章的主要大意。[點(diǎn)撥]本篇說(shuō)明文一共分三段:第一段介紹水禽喪失賴(lài)以生存的濕地的歷史背景,第二段介紹了發(fā)行“聯(lián)邦鴨票”的措施,第三段說(shuō)明這一措施的影響?？v觀全文,本文是在介紹聯(lián)邦鴨票的故事。[自主解答]

A易錯(cuò)快攻

以偏概全、擴(kuò)大或縮小概括范圍的干擾項(xiàng)常出現(xiàn)在需要?dú)w納概括的主旨大意類(lèi)題目中,對(duì)該類(lèi)題目可以通過(guò)以下方法避免干擾:(1)結(jié)合文章主旨提煉中間段落的要點(diǎn);(2)用“逆向推理”法,反推文章的寫(xiě)作方向,看與原文是否相符,不一致的則排除。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2忽視干擾項(xiàng)中的偷換概念,曲解原意[典例印證](2020全國(guó)Ⅰ卷,C)But

the

sport’s

strange

form

does

place

considerable

stress

on

the

ankles

and

hips,so

people

with

a

history

of

such

injuries

might

want

to

be

cautious

in

adopting

the

sport.In

fact,anyone

wishing

to

try

race

walking

should

probably

first

consult

a

coach

or

experienced

racer

to

learn

proper

technique,she

says.It

takes

some

practice.30.What

is

Dr.Norberg’s

suggestion

for

someone

trying

race

walking?A.Getting

experts’opinions. B.Having

a

medical

checkup.C.Hiring

an

experienced

coach. D.Doing

regular

exercises.[錯(cuò)因]考生易錯(cuò)選C項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)的原文表達(dá)是“consult

a

coach

or

experienced

racer”,而C項(xiàng)偷偷地將“consult”換成了“hire”,所以C項(xiàng)即使在賓語(yǔ)“an

experienced

coach”對(duì)應(yīng)的情況下,它依然是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。迷惑選項(xiàng)常常置換動(dòng)詞。[點(diǎn)撥]根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“她說(shuō),事實(shí)上,任何想嘗試競(jìng)走的人都應(yīng)該首先咨詢(xún)教練或有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的競(jìng)走者,學(xué)習(xí)適當(dāng)?shù)募夹g(shù)?！笨芍?諾伯格博士建議想嘗試競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)的人先聽(tīng)一聽(tīng)專(zhuān)家的意見(jiàn)。[自主解答]

A易錯(cuò)快攻

偷換概念一般指在閱讀理解題的選項(xiàng)中,干擾項(xiàng)的表達(dá)與原文信息句吻合程度較高,僅有部分詞匯原文中沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)或者和原文不一致,這容易給考生造成一種錯(cuò)覺(jué),從而誤選。這種干擾項(xiàng)常常偷換了動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者、動(dòng)作的承受者、動(dòng)作本身或積極、消極語(yǔ)義等。曲解原意也是干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置中的常見(jiàn)方法,有些選項(xiàng)來(lái)自文章中的某一句或某幾句話,看似表達(dá)文章的意思,其實(shí)是對(duì)原句意思的曲解。針對(duì)此類(lèi)選項(xiàng),考生在解題時(shí)要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞回文定位,認(rèn)真分析原文相關(guān)語(yǔ)句,字斟句酌,準(zhǔn)確理解原文表達(dá)的意思,避免誤選。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3不熟悉正確項(xiàng)中的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,簡(jiǎn)化概括[典例印證]

(2023江西新高三第一次摸底)Biological

age

might

help

determine

your

quality

of

life

as

you

get

older,since

your

cells

and

organs

have

ages

varying

from

your

regular

age.Many

aging-research

scientists

believe

that

knowing

your

biological

age

could

help

you

postpone

or

avoid

age-related

illnesses,and

better

predict

an

individual’s

lifespan(壽命).Other

scientists

argue

that

there’s

no

standard

way

to

measure

biological

age.At

the

center

of

the

debate

are

hopes

that

people

can

extend

their

lives

by

changing

their

behaviors.Since

everybody’s

genes(基因)

are

different,tracking

your

biological

age

could

help

determine

your

most

helpful

habits

and

customize

them.People

can

also

attempt

to

lower

their

biological

age

through

ways

of

effectively

managing

stress.Q:What

can

people

do

after

knowing

their

biological

ages?A.Improve

their

calendar

ages

to

prevent

diseases.B.Determine

ways

to

effectively

manage

stress.C.Get

personalized

nutrition

plan

to

improve

health.D.Lengthen

their

lives

by

changing

their

conduct.[錯(cuò)因]本題易錯(cuò)選B項(xiàng)或C項(xiàng),部分考生根據(jù)題干定位到文章中的“People

can

also

attempt

to

lower

their

biological

age

through

ways

of

effectively

managing

stress”,發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話中的“ways

of

effectively

managing

stress”出現(xiàn)在了B項(xiàng)中,因而錯(cuò)選B項(xiàng);也有部分考生在第一段中看到“knowing

your

biological

age

could

help

you

postpone

or

avoid

age-related

illnesses”,認(rèn)為要推遲或避免和年齡相關(guān)的疾病,“制定個(gè)性化的營(yíng)養(yǎng)計(jì)劃來(lái)改善健康”非常合理,因而錯(cuò)選C項(xiàng)。[點(diǎn)撥]B項(xiàng)“確定有效管理壓力的方法”是對(duì)原文“人們也可以嘗試通過(guò)有效地管理壓力來(lái)分析減小自己的生理年齡”的曲解;C項(xiàng)“制定個(gè)性化的營(yíng)養(yǎng)計(jì)劃來(lái)改善健康”在文中沒(méi)有提及,屬于無(wú)中生有。由第一段中的“...hopes

that

people

can

extend

their

lives

by

changing

their

behaviors”和第二段中的“tracking

your

biological

age

could

help

determine

your

most

helpful

habits

and

customize

them”

可知,人們希望通過(guò)改變行為來(lái)延長(zhǎng)壽命,了解生理年齡有助于確定對(duì)自己最有幫助的習(xí)慣并定制這些習(xí)慣,因此人們?cè)谥懒俗约旱纳砟挲g之后,就可以通過(guò)改變行為來(lái)延長(zhǎng)壽命。D項(xiàng)“Lengthen

their

lives

by

changing

their

conduct”是對(duì)原文“extend

their

lives

by

changing

their

behaviors”

進(jìn)行的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。[自主解答]

D易錯(cuò)快攻

同義轉(zhuǎn)述是命題人常用的手段。這種轉(zhuǎn)述是指考題與原文的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容用同根詞、同義詞或近義詞進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換,有時(shí)也會(huì)在常用詞組或短語(yǔ)之間進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。這種情況下正確選項(xiàng)和原文的關(guān)鍵句相同的詞匯不一定多,但意思的表述卻是一致的,考生在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中要注意進(jìn)行同根詞、同義詞和近義詞的積累,并在解題時(shí)認(rèn)真比對(duì)。簡(jiǎn)化概括則是把原文中較為復(fù)雜的、詳細(xì)的信息進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化或概括,正確答案比較隱蔽,考生要仔細(xì)對(duì)原文信息句進(jìn)行觀察和分析,再進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化或歸納概括。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4忽視語(yǔ)境邏輯,過(guò)度推斷[典例印證](2023江蘇南京、鎮(zhèn)江10月八校聯(lián)考)Cores

taken

from

350

Douglas

firs(花旗松)

showed

that

annual

tree

ring

growth

was

related

to

the

extent

of

fungal

connections

a

tree

had

with

other

trees.They

had

much

higher

growth

than

those

that

had

only

a

few

connections.The

research

also

showed

that

trees

with

more

connections

to

many

unique

fungi

had

much

greater

growth

than

those

with

only

one

or

two

connections.“If

you

have

this

network

that

is

helping

trees

grow

faster,that

helps

capture

more

carbon

year

after

year.These

networks

may

help

trees

grow

more

steadily

even

as

conditions

become

more

stressful,and

could

even

help

protect

them

against

death,”

said

Birch.Birch

hopes

his

findings

lead

to

further

studies

in

different

kinds

of

forests

in

other

geographical

areas,because

it’s

likely

that

the

connections

among

trees

change

from

year

to

year.He

said,“Knowing

whether

fungal

networks

are

operating

the

same

way

in

other

tree

species

could

inform

how

we

reforest

areas

after

harvesting

them,and

inform

how

we

plant

trees

to

preserve

these

networks.”Q:What

can

be

inferred

from

what

Birch

has

put?A.The

fungal

networks

support

one

another

in

times

of

stress.B.The

fungal

networks

enable

us

to

know

more

about

reforestation.C.The

findings

can

apply

to

different

kinds

of

forests

in

other

geographical

areas.D.The

fungal

networks

will

help

trees

grow

more

steadily

if

conditions

become

more

stressful.[錯(cuò)因]考生易錯(cuò)選D項(xiàng)。部分考生看到第一段中

Birch

所說(shuō)的話“These

networks

may

help

trees

grow

more

steadily

even

as

conditions

become

more

stressful”,經(jīng)過(guò)比對(duì)認(rèn)為這與D項(xiàng)表述的內(nèi)容一致,忽視了原文是may

help(可能有助于),而選項(xiàng)中是will

help(將有助于),過(guò)度推斷,把可能變成事實(shí),從而錯(cuò)選D項(xiàng)。[點(diǎn)撥]根據(jù)最后一段Birch所說(shuō)的話可知,了解真菌網(wǎng)絡(luò)在其他樹(shù)種中是否以同樣的方式運(yùn)作,可以影響我們?cè)诓煞ズ笕绾沃匦略炝?也可以告訴我們?nèi)绾畏N植樹(shù)木來(lái)保護(hù)這些網(wǎng)絡(luò);由此可知,真菌網(wǎng)絡(luò)使我們能夠更多地了解重新造林,和B項(xiàng)吻合。[自主解答]

B易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)5混淆事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn),答非所問(wèn)[典例印證](2023浙江杭州11月教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)改編)For

most

of

our

history,humans

have

been

short,a

study

has

found.Until

around

150

years

ago,few

people

grew

taller

than

170

centimeters.Christiane

Scheffler

at

the

University

of

Potsdam

and

Michael

Hermanussen

in

Altenhof

have

spent

several

years

studying

the

height

of

people

from

a

wide

range

of

populations.In

their

latest

paper,they

combined

an

existing

data

of

more

than

6,000

prehistoric

human

skeletons

with

multiple

studies

of

more

recent

historical

populations

from

Europe

and

the

US.They

also

included

their

own

data

on

1,666

present-day

school

children

from

Indonesia.In

the

prehistoric

populations,the

maximum

height

for

men

was

165

to

170

centimeters,while

women

topped

out

at

160cm.Today,men

in

England

have

an

average

height

of

around

175cm,while

for

women

it

is

about

162cm.But

there

is

significant

variation

between

modern

countries.The

Indonesian

school

children

in

the

study

were

shorter

than

similarly

aged

children

from

the

US,despite

being

well-nourished.Subramanian

at

Harvard

University

isn’t

convinced

by

the

pair’s

interpretation.His

team

previously

showed

that

the

best

predictor

of

a

child’s

height

is

the

height

of

their

parents.This

suggests

that

the

influence

of

other

factors,such

as

social

mobility,is

limited.After

assessing

nearly

163,000

children

living

in

55

low

and

middle-income

countries,Subramanian’s

team

found

that

42.9

percent

had

poor

nutrition

but

no

sign

of

stunting(阻礙發(fā)育)

or

other

physical

indicators

off

this

fact.This

implies

there

is

a

lot

of

hidden

malnutrition

that

doesn’t

reveal

itself

through

stunting.“A

person’s

nutritional

condition

should

be

assessed

by

looking

at

their

diet

not

their

height,”

says

Subramanian.Q:What

can

we

infer

from

Subramanian’s

study?A.Poor

nutrition

delays

physical

development.B.A

balanced

diet

contributes

to

growing

taller.C.High

social

classes

can

reach

a

greater

height.D.A

human’s

height

has

little

to

do

with

nutrition.[錯(cuò)因]在很多考生的認(rèn)知里,A項(xiàng)(營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良延緩了身體的發(fā)育)是符合事實(shí)的表達(dá),因此考生會(huì)錯(cuò)選A項(xiàng)。[點(diǎn)撥]根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,在對(duì)55個(gè)低收入和中等收入國(guó)家的近16.3萬(wàn)名兒童進(jìn)行評(píng)估后,Subramanian的團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)42.9%的兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良,但沒(méi)有發(fā)育受阻的跡象。由此可知,考生認(rèn)為正確的A項(xiàng)和Subramanian的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)并不相符。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知,有很多隱藏的營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良,它們并不能通過(guò)發(fā)育不良表現(xiàn)出來(lái);一個(gè)人的營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況應(yīng)該通過(guò)觀察他們的飲食而不是身高來(lái)評(píng)估。由此可推斷出,Subramanian的研究表明:一個(gè)人的身高和營(yíng)養(yǎng)沒(méi)有太大關(guān)系。[自主解答]

D易錯(cuò)快攻

混淆事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)是閱讀理解常見(jiàn)的干擾項(xiàng)的特征。干擾項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容和原文的表述是一致的,或者干擾項(xiàng)的表述是客觀事實(shí),因此迷惑性很強(qiáng),考生很容易錯(cuò)選。破解這類(lèi)題目的辦法是從題干出發(fā),忠實(shí)于原文,根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞鎖定原文中的信息句,再將其選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行認(rèn)真比對(duì)。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)6主觀臆斷取代作者觀點(diǎn)[典例印證](2023浙江麗水、湖州、衢州11月質(zhì)檢)Have

you

ever

walked

through

a

door

and

thought

to

yourself,“What

was

I

going

to

do?”

If

you

have,you

are

not

alone.Psychologists

believe

that

walking

through

a

door

and

entering

another

room

creates

a

“mental

block”

in

the

brain.This

is

generally

referred

to

as

the

doorway

effect.A

new

research

led

by

psychologist

Oliver

Baumann

from

Bond

University

in

Australia

suggests

that

it’s

not

so

much

the

doorways

that

cause

a

memory

wipe,as

moving

from

location

to

a

significantly

different

one

and

that

it’s

the

abrupt

change

of

scene

that

prepares

our

minds

for

something

new.“A

good

example

is

moving

around

in

a

department

store,”

says

Baumann.“Taking

the

elevator

between

floors

may

have

no

effect

on

our

memory,but

moving

from

the

store

to

the

parking

lot

might

cause

us

to

forget

something

that

we

need

to

buy.”

Baumann

also

points

out

that

a

busy

and

perhaps

overloaded

brain

does

seem

to

play

some

art

in

this

phenomenon.In

other

words,walking

through

open

doors

is

thought

to

reset

memory

to

make

room

for

a

new

episode.The

good

news

is

that

experiencing

such

forgettable

episodes

after

entering

another

room

does

not

tell

you

anything

about

your

memory

and

intelligence.So

when

you

enter

a

room

and

suddenly

forget

why

you

are

there,you

should

not

think

that

Alzheimer’s

disease

is

creeping

up

on

you!Q:What

does

the

author

think

of

the

“doorway

effect”?A.Insignificant.

B.Beneficial.C.Influential.

D.Damaging.[錯(cuò)因]考生易錯(cuò)選B項(xiàng)或D項(xiàng)。部分考生在最后一段中看到“The

good

news”,便誤以為作者的態(tài)度是正向的,因此錯(cuò)選B項(xiàng)。也有考生根據(jù)第一段中的“creates

a‘mental

block’in

the

brain”推斷作者認(rèn)為“doorway

effect”是有破壞性的,因此錯(cuò)選D項(xiàng)。這些考生沒(méi)有仔細(xì)分析作者字里行間要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn),而是根據(jù)文中的只言片語(yǔ),憑自己的主觀臆斷做出了選擇。[點(diǎn)撥]作者在最后一段指出,在進(jìn)入另一個(gè)房間后經(jīng)歷這種忘事的情節(jié)并不能反映出關(guān)于你的記憶力或者智力的信息;所以,當(dāng)你進(jìn)入一個(gè)房間,突然忘記你為什么在那里的時(shí)候,你不應(yīng)該認(rèn)為是阿爾茨海默病在悄悄靠近你。由此可以推斷出,作者認(rèn)為“doorway

effect”與記憶力或智力無(wú)關(guān),也不是阿爾茨海默病的表現(xiàn),是無(wú)足輕重的。[自主解答]

A易錯(cuò)快攻

在推斷作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的試題中,考生由于思維定式,或受到文中某些非關(guān)鍵信息的干擾很容易憑主觀臆斷做出錯(cuò)誤的選擇。做該類(lèi)題目時(shí),在文中沒(méi)有直接表明作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的詞句時(shí),考生要根據(jù)作者在文中的措辭,尤其是表達(dá)情感色彩的詞,以及作者所舉的事例,讀懂弦外之音,來(lái)正確推斷其觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。課堂應(yīng)用A(2022新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷,B)Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon’tevenrealizeit’snew.Forthem,it’sjustnormal.ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren’sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.

Picturethis:mygrandsonsittingonmylapasIholdthebookinfrontsohecanseethepictures.AsIread,hereachesoutandpokes(戳)thepagewithhisfinger.What’supwiththat?Hejustlikesthepictures,Ithought.ThenIturnedthepageandcontinued.Hepokedthepageevenharder.Inearlydroppedthebook.Iwasconfused:Istheresomethingwrongwiththiskid?ThenIrealizedwhatwashappening.Hewasactuallyastrangertobooks.Hisfatherfrequentlyamusedtheboywithatabletcomputerwhichwasloadedwithcolorfulpicturesthatcomealivewhenyoupokethem.Hethoughtmystorybookwaslikethat.Sorry,kid.Thisbookisnotpartofyourhigh-techworld.It’sanoutdated,lifelessthing.Anantique,likeyourgrandfather.Well,Imaybeold,butI’mnothopelesslychallenged,digitallyspeaking.Ieditvideoandproduceaudio.Iusemobilepayment.I’veevenbuiltwebsites.There’sonenotablegapinmynew-mediaexperience,however:I’vespentlittletimeinfrontofacamera,sinceIhaveafacemadeforradio.Butthatdidn’tstopChina

DailyfromaskingmelastweektoshareapersonalstoryforavideoprojectabouttheintegrationofBeijing,TianjinandHebeiprovince.Anyway,grandpaisnowaninternetstar—twominutesoffame!Ipromisenottoletitgotomyhead.ButIwillmakesuremy2-year-oldgrandsonseesitonhistablet.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者曾經(jīng)是一名記者,在春節(jié)期間,作者給孫子拿了一本兒童讀物,孫子卻以為是平板電腦,不停地戳?xí)?.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninparagraph2?A.Providedshelterforme.B.Becameverycleartome.C.Tookthepressureoffme.D.Workedquitewellonme.√解析

詞句猜測(cè)題。第一段提道:作者是記者,生活在一個(gè)講故事的新時(shí)代,有許多新的多媒體工具。許多年輕人甚至沒(méi)有意識(shí)到它是新的。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō),這很正常。含有畫(huà)線詞語(yǔ)的句子承接上文,表示“而在春節(jié)假期,我和兩歲的孫子坐在沙發(fā)上,尤其清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到了這一點(diǎn)”。故畫(huà)線詞語(yǔ)意思是“我很清楚”。故選B項(xiàng)。2.Whydidthekidpokethestorybook?A.Hetookitforatabletcomputer.B.Hedislikedthecolorfulpictures.C.Hewasangrywithhisgrandpa.D.Hewantedtoreaditbyhimself.√解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“He

was

actually

a

stranger

to

books.His

father

frequently

amused

the

boy

with

a

tablet

computer

which

was

loaded

with

colorful

pictures

that

come

alive

when

you

poke

them.He

thought

my

storybook

was

like

that.”可知,那個(gè)孩子戳故事書(shū)是因?yàn)樗阉?dāng)成了平板電腦。故選A項(xiàng)。3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhimself?A.Sociallyambitious.B.Physicallyattractive.C.Financiallyindependent.D.Digitallycompetent.√解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中的“Well,I

may

be

old,but

I’m

not

hopelessly

challenged,digitally

speaking.I

edit

video

and

produce

audio.I

use

mobile

payment.I’ve

even

built

websites.”可知,作者認(rèn)為自己懂?dāng)?shù)字技術(shù)。故選D項(xiàng)。4.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorasajournalist?A.Helacksexperienceinhisjob.B.Heseldomappearsontelevision.C.Hemanagesavideodepartment.D.Heofteninterviewsinternetstars.√解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“There’s

one

notable

gap

in

my

new-media

experience,however:I’ve

spent

little

time

in

front

of

a

camera,since

I

have

a

face

made

for

radio.”可知,作者作為一名記者很少上電視。故選B項(xiàng)。B(2023浙江1月卷,C)Amachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There’sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhatit’stalkingabout.”WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatth