上海市長(zhǎng)寧區(qū)2025屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期質(zhì)量調(diào)研試題含解析

PAGEPAGE31上海市長(zhǎng)寧區(qū)2025屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期質(zhì)量調(diào)研試題（含解析）（滿分140分，考試時(shí)間120分）Ⅰ.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakersAtendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.$10.B.$17.C.$100.D.$70.2.A.Atadepartmentstore.B.Atanairport.C.Atahospital.D.Atahotel.3.A.Patientanddoctor.B.Coachandathlete.C.Studentandteacher.D.Bossandsecretary.4.A.Lookingatamap.B.Goingonadiet.C.Attendingaparty.D.TalkingtoMary.5.A.Goforanouting.B.Buysomeclothes.C.Goswimming.D.Forecasttheweather.6.A.Shefullyagreeswiththeman.B.Sheisuncertainabouttheweather.C.Shedisagreeswiththeman.D.Shethinksthemanisalwayslate.7.A.DrBrianisalwaysbusyonMondays.B.AwaitervisitedDrBrianlastMonday.C.PatientscanusuallyseeDr.Brianasscheduled.D.Dr.Brianforgottoputthemanontheschedule.8.A.Shespeakshighlyoftheman’sdecision.B.Sheiscrazyaboutskydivinginthecountryside.C.SheadvisesthemantogoonholidaywithMarc.D.Shesuggeststhatthemanreconsiderhisplan.9.A.Tomsurvivedtheaccidentunbelievably.B.Thepolicehelpedhimcomeoutofthecar.C.Thewallwasknockeddowncompletely.D.Tom’scarwasstillingoodcondition.10.A.It’sconvenienttoshopinsupermarkets.B.Conveniencestoresarenotreallyconvenient.C.Certainitemssellwellinconveniencestores.D.Customerspaymoreinconveniencestores.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadnice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Thebalancebetweenschoolworkandexercise.B.Thelinkbetweenahealthybodyandahealthymind.C.Thechangeofthetimetableinpublicschools.D.Thestrongscientificevidenceofstayinghealthy.12.A.Byallowingstudentstodophysicalexercise.B.Byaskingstudentstodoproblem-solvingtasks.C.BydoingexperimentsonAmericanstudents.D.Bypersuadingteacherstoimprovestudents’grades.13.A.Studentshadmorechancestodoexercise.B.Physicaleducationcoursesbecamepopular.C.Studentsdidbetterintheirschoolwork.D.Runningfor40minutesadaywasrequired.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Sisters.B.Classmates.C.Relatives.D.Penfriends.15A.Theclubencourageditsmemberstomakefriends.B.Makingalong-distancecallatthattimewascostly.C.Writingtoeachotherhelpedtoimproveschoolwork.D.Instantcommunicationwasn’tavailableforaveragepeople.16.A.MaggieandTessahadmetbefore.B.Tessa’slongblondhairwaseye-catching.C.TessacalledMaggiewithacellphone.D.Maggie’sgrandchildrenspottedTessa.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Thegreatdemandfortourists.B.Theendangeredfoodsupplies.C.Thedifficultytokeepwarm.D.Theextremeandchangeableweather.18.A.It’sgoingtorain.B.Aclearskywillappearsoon.C.It’sgoingtosnow.D.Itwillbeunseasonablywarm.19.A.Onceaweek.B.Threetimesaday.C.Everyotherday.D.Twiceaweek.20.A.Toenjoyabird’s-eyeviewofAlaska.B.Tolearnhowtoflyabushplanethere.C.ToexperiencesendingmailstoStLawrence.D.TohelptotakefoodsuppliestoAlaska.Ⅱ.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword.fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Forperhapsthefirsttimeinthehistoryofmoderneducation,millionsofprimaryandsecondarystudentsmaybeginthenewschoolyearfromhome.PupilsinEnglandshouldreturntoschoolsinSeptember,butCovid-19cases___1___（rise）,sothismaynotbepossible.Scientistsalsowarnthattherewillbemanymorecaseswhenpupilsreturntoschools.Someparentsmaychoosenottosendtheirchildrenback___2___theirfamily’ssafety.Teachersareworriedaboutchildrenwho___3___（fall）behindintheirschoolwork.Parentsandcarersarefeelinganxiousabouttheneedtobalanceworkandhomeschooling,Butanexperimentbyan18th-centuryFrenchschoolmaster,Jackboot,mayhelpthemtoworrylessabouthomeschooling.JackboothadtoteachinBelgium.HispupilsspokeonlyFlemish,andhespokeonlyFrench.Hegavehisstudentsanovel___4___（write）inhismothertongueandaFrenchdictionary.Heencouragedthemtoteachthemselves.Itworked.Learningdoesnotonlyhappenwhensomeoneolderputinformationintothelearner’smind.Thinkabouthowoftenchildrenandevenadultslearnfromtrialanderror,fromlearningtorideabiketo___5___（use）anewtechnology.Learninghappenswhenyouaskchildrendifficultquestionsatthedinnertable,encouragethemtobuildatree-houseorfindthingsforthemselvesonWikipedia.Inthe18thcentury,whenonlythesonsofrichmengotaschooleducation,Jackbootwantedtoshow___6___poorchildrencouldlearn.Parentscouldteachthembyencouragingandaskingquestions.It’sthesametoday.___7___studentshavetherightresources___8___（explore）ideasforthemselves,manypeoplecan“teach”-includingcarersandparentsduringapandemic（流行?。?However,somepoorerstudentswilldoworse___9___theydonothaveaccesstotheInternet.Jackbootshowedthatlearningdoesnotonlyhappeninaclassroomandthathumanbeingsarelearningbeings:theyknowhardlyanythingatbirth____10____seekoutanddevelopincrediblecapacities.Thatshouldmakeuslessworriedaboutchildrenduringthisdifficulttimeandmorehopefulaboutourselves.【答案】1.arerising/havebeenrising2.for3.havefallen4.written5.using6.how7.If8.toexplore9.because/as10.but【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章以Jackboot的教學(xué)方法為例，介紹了在疫情期間，怎樣解決孩子的學(xué)習(xí)問(wèn)題?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：英格蘭的學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)在九月份返回學(xué)校，但是2024冠狀病毒疾病的案例始終在上升，所以這可能是不行能的。依據(jù)上下文以及句意可知，此處表達(dá)冠狀病毒疾病的病例始終在上升，還有接著上升的趨勢(shì)，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)表達(dá)。因主語(yǔ)為名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填arerising/havebeenrising?！?題詳解】考查介詞。有些父母為了家人的平安，可能選擇不把孩子送回去。依據(jù)句意可知，有些父母之所以選擇不把孩子送回學(xué)校是為了家人的平安，for“（表示目的）為了”為介詞。故填for?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：老師們擔(dān)憂那些在學(xué)業(yè)上落后孩子們。依據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表達(dá)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，其結(jié)構(gòu)為have+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞，定語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)為who，指代先行詞children，為復(fù)數(shù)。故填havefallen。【4題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。句意：他給學(xué)生們一本用他的母語(yǔ)寫(xiě)的小說(shuō)和一本法語(yǔ)詞典。分析句子可知，空格處為后置定語(yǔ)修飾前面名詞，動(dòng)詞write和所修飾的名詞novel之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以須要用過(guò)去分詞。故填written。5題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞。句意：想想看，從學(xué)習(xí)騎自行車到運(yùn)用新技術(shù)，兒童甚至成年人從反復(fù)試驗(yàn)中學(xué)習(xí)的頻率有多高。from…to…“從……到……”是介詞固定搭配，因此處to為介詞，后面應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故填using?！?題詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。在18世紀(jì)，當(dāng)只有富人的兒子才能接受學(xué)校教化時(shí)，Jackboot想要展示窮人的孩子是如何學(xué)習(xí)的。分析句子可知，空格處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)填賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞，依據(jù)后文“Parentscouldteachthembyencouragingandaskingquestions.”可知，是在談?wù)搶W(xué)習(xí)的方式，所以應(yīng)填表示方式的連接副詞how。故填how。【7題詳解】考查條件狀語(yǔ)從句連詞。假如一些學(xué)生有適當(dāng)?shù)馁Y源為自己探究思想，很多人可以進(jìn)行“教學(xué)”的工作——包括在大流行病期間的護(hù)理人員和家長(zhǎng)。依據(jù)句意可知，前文“___7___studentshavetherightresources___8___（explore）ideasforthemselves,”是后文“manypeoplecan“teach”-includingcarersandparentsduringapandemic（流行病）”的條件，空格處應(yīng)填if來(lái)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。故填if?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：假如學(xué)生們有合適的資源來(lái)探究自己的想法，很多人可以進(jìn)行“教學(xué)”的工作——包括在大流行期間的護(hù)理人員和家長(zhǎng)。依據(jù)句意可知，空格處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)修飾前面名詞。故填toexplore。【9題詳解】考查緣由狀語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)詞（從屬連詞）。句意：然而，一些較窮的學(xué)生會(huì)表現(xiàn)得更糟，因?yàn)樗麄儫o(wú)法上網(wǎng)。上文“However,somepoorerstudentswilldoworse”和下文“theydonothaveaccesstotheInternet”是因果關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)填表示緣由的連詞because/as等。故填because/as。【10題詳解】考查連詞。句意：Jackboot表明，學(xué)習(xí)不僅僅發(fā)生在教室里，人類也是學(xué)習(xí)型的人：他們?cè)谡Q生時(shí)幾乎什么都不知道，但卻在找尋和發(fā)展令人難以置信的實(shí)力。下文“seekoutanddevelopincrediblecapacities”和上文“theyknowhardlyanythingatbirth”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)填表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but。故填but。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.curiosityB.inspiredC.visionD.communicationE.possibilitiesF.committedG.hookedH.investigateI.challengingJ.recognizeK.attentionI’vealwaysbeenanoptimistandIsupposethatisrootedinmybeliefthatthepowerofcreativityandintelligencecanmaketheworldabetterplace.ForaslongasIcanremember,I’velovedlearningnewthingsandsolvingproblemsinseventhgrade.SowhenIsatdownatacomputerforthefirsttime,Iwas___11___.ItwasanoldTeletypemachine.Butitchangedmylife.WhenmyfriendandIstartedMicrosoft,wehada___12___of“acomputeroneverydeskandineveryhome,”whichprobablysoundedtoooptimistic,butwebelievedpersonalcomputerswouldchangetheworld.Andtheyhave.After30years,I’mstillas___13___bycomputersasIwasbackinseventhgrade.Ibelievecomputersarethemostincredibletoolwecanusetofeedour___14___andinventivenesstohelpussolveproblems.Computershavetransformedhowwelearn,givingkidseverywhereawindowintoalloftheworld’sknowledge.They’rehelpingusbuild___15___aroundthethingswecareaboutandstayclosetothepeoplewhoareimportanttous,nomatterwheretheyare.LikemyfriendBuffett,IfeelparticularlyluckytodosomethingeverydaythatIlovetodo.Hecallsit“tap-dancingtowork.”MyjobatMicrosoftisas___16___asever,butwhatmakesme“tap-dancetowork”iswhenweshowpeoplesomethingnew,likeacomputerthatcan___17___yourhandwritingoryourspeech,andtheysay,“Ididn’tknowyoucoulddothatwithaPC！”Ibelievethatmyownfortunebringswithitaresponsibilitytogivebacktotheworld.MywifeandIhave___18___toimprovinghealthandeducationinawaythatcanhelpasmanypeopleaspossible.I’mstilloptimistic,andIbelievethatprogressoneventheworld’stoughestproblemsispossible.We’reseeingnewdrugsfordeadlydiseases,andnew___19___paidtothehealthproblemsintheworld.I’mexcitedbythe____20____Iseeformedicine,foreducationandofcoursefortechnology,AndIbelievethatthroughournaturalinventiveness,creativityandwillingnesstosolvetoughproblems,we’regoingtomakesomeamazingachievementsinalltheseareasinmylifetime.【答案】11.G12.C13.B14.A15.D16.I17.J18.F19.K20.E【解析】這是一篇爭(zhēng)論文。文章中作者講解并描述自己始終都是一個(gè)樂(lè)觀主義者，他認(rèn)為這植根于自己的信念，即創(chuàng)建力和才智的力氣可以讓世界變得更美妙。并且作者用自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和見(jiàn)聞來(lái)說(shuō)明自己的信念。【11題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：所以當(dāng)我第一次坐在電腦旁邊時(shí)，我就被它迷住了。依據(jù)空格前“was”為系動(dòng)詞，后應(yīng)跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)，以及前一句中“I’velovedlearningnewthings…”我喜愛(ài)學(xué)習(xí)新的事物，可知此處應(yīng)填hooked“對(duì)……入迷的；被……迷住的”。故選G。【12題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：30年前，當(dāng)我和摯友保羅創(chuàng)辦微軟時(shí)，我們有一個(gè)讓每家每戶，每張辦公桌上都有電腦的幻想。依據(jù)空格前wehada可知，空格處應(yīng)填名詞。vision“幻想，想象，畫(huà)面”。故選C。【13題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：30年后，我仍舊受到電腦的激勵(lì)，跟我上七年級(jí)時(shí)一樣?？崭窈蟮慕樵~“by”為被動(dòng)的標(biāo)識(shí)。inspire“鼓舞，激勵(lì)，啟發(fā)”，此處用被動(dòng)形式inspired。故選B。【14題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我認(rèn)為電腦是最奇妙的工具，我們可以運(yùn)用它來(lái)滿意我們的新奇心和獨(dú)創(chuàng)創(chuàng)建實(shí)力，來(lái)幫助我們解決問(wèn)題。依據(jù)上文wecanusetofeedour可知空格處應(yīng)填名詞作feed的賓語(yǔ)。curiosity“新奇心”。故選A。【15題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：電腦可以幫助我們圍繞我們關(guān)注的事物建立通信，并且讓我們和那些對(duì)自己重要的人保持親密聯(lián)系，不管他們身處何方。依據(jù)空格前build可知此處應(yīng)填名詞“通信”；communication“通信系統(tǒng)，通話”。故選D。【16題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我在微軟的工作恒久充溢挑戰(zhàn)，但是讓我始終堅(jiān)持“踢踏舞工作”的是……。依據(jù)文中isas___as可知空格處應(yīng)填形容詞。challenging“有挑戰(zhàn)性的”。故選I?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：……是當(dāng)我們向人們展示某些新成果時(shí)，當(dāng)他們看到計(jì)算機(jī)能分辨筆跡，語(yǔ)音，他們會(huì)說(shuō)“我不知道你竟然可以用個(gè)人電腦做這么多事”。依據(jù)空格前can可知此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞，recognize“分辨出，辨別出”。故選J?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我和我的妻子致力于為盡可能多的人改善健康和教化。依據(jù)文中Ihave____to…可知此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞，時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，committo“致力于，一心一意”，havecommitted現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選F?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們看到治療致命疾病的新藥，并且全世界的健康問(wèn)題也得到的重視。payattentionto…“關(guān)注”。故選K。【20題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我為醫(yī)藥，教化，當(dāng)然還有技術(shù)發(fā)展的諸多可能性而歡欣鼓舞。依據(jù)空格前the可知此處應(yīng)填名詞。possibility“可能性”。故選E。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.SincePeterSingerpublishedAnimalLiberationin1975,animalrightsactiviststhoughtanimalsshouldbegrantedthesamerightsashumans.Referringtoscientificstudiesshowinganimals___21___“humancharacteristics”,theyargueanimalsshouldbeprotectedwiththesamerights.Sowhydon’tanimalshavethesamelegalstatus(身份)ashumans？Thelineofreasoninginfavorofgrantinganimalsequalrightstohumans___22___thefactthatscientistshavefoundcharacteristicsinanimalswenormally___23___withhumans.Agroupofscientistsshowedmonkeysdemonstrateself-consciousnessatthesamelevelashumans.Thishasusuallyservedasajustificationforhumanrights,sowhydon’twegrantequalrightstomonkeys？Thetruthis,___24___convincingscientificevidence,theargumentforgrantingatleastsomeanimalsthesamerightsashumanscan’tbejustifiedphilosophically.Anadequateargumentforanimalrightswouldrequirefurtherphilosophicalinquiryandnotjustdescriptive___25___.Wecanfeelpityforanimalsbeingtreatedbadlyandstrivetoprotectthemfromsuchtreatment.This,___26___,doesn’tmeananimalsshouldenjoythesamelegalstatusashumans.Thereisastrongreasonfor___27___thatrightsonlyapplytohumans.Whilefundamentalrightssurelyarevaluableintheirnature,theywouldbeworthlesswithoutasystemto___28___them.Thatiswhyweexpectotherpeopletorespectourrights.Thesystemthatdefendsourrightsisthefactthatotherpeopleareobligedby___29___intheirbehaviorstowardsus.Inourdailylife,weexperiencenumeroussituationsinwhichbadguyscould____30____fromviolating(侵?jǐn)_)ourrights.Nevertheless,wesee,ofcourse,withsomeexceptions,thatindividualscooperateandrespectotherpeople’srights.Rightsanddutiesaretwosidesofthesamecoin,andonecannot____31____tohavecertainrightswithouthavingtoobservetheduties.Ifitismyclaimtolivefreelyonmypropertywithoutbeingbothered,myneighbor’sdutypreventshimfromviolatingmyrighttopropertyandlife.Suppose,however,hebreaksinanddamagesmyproperty.Hewillthenbeheldresponsibleinacourtoflaw,forhehas____32____hisdutytorespectmyrights.Thisiscompletelyreasonable,butwewillcertainlyface____33____ifmypropertywasviolatedbyanelephant.Ifweassumethatanimalsaregrantedthesamelegalstatusashumans,____34____requiresthatwenowdragheelephantintocourt.Remember,ifananimalweretohavesuchrights,itwouldlogicallyalsohavesocialduties.Therefore,itisnow____35____tothesamelegalproceduresashumans.Thisraisespracticalquestions:Whowilldefendtheanimalincourt？Andwilltheanimalbeabletocomprehendwhatisgoingon？21.A.acquiring B.desiring C.displaying D.respecting22A.explores B.challenge C.overlooks D.emphasizes23.A.treat B.associate C.deal D.bear24.A.considering B.despite C.insteadof D.accordingto25.A.conclusions B.performances C.experiments D.messages26.A.inreturn B.forinstance C.therefore D.however27.A.denying B.maintaining C.recognizing D.suggesting28.A.approve B.demand C.ensure D.reserve29.A.contracts B.possession C.faith D.duties30.A.profit B.keep C.learn D.result31.A.afford B.claim C.pretend D.determine32.A.assigned B.declared C.failed D.fulfilled33.A.dangers B.questions C.charges D.obstacles34.A.agreement B.justice C.criticism D.frustration35.A.open B.addicted C.subject D.relevant【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.B25.A26.D27.B28.C29.D30.A31.B32.C33.D34.B35.C【解析】這是一篇爭(zhēng)論文。文章在探討動(dòng)物是否應(yīng)當(dāng)有和人類一樣的權(quán)力和法律地位？文章指出，享有權(quán)力的同時(shí)要履行義務(wù)，假如動(dòng)物享有和人類同樣的權(quán)力，是否能履行同等的義務(wù)呢？能否為自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)呢？【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們提到科學(xué)探討表明動(dòng)物表現(xiàn)出“人類特征”，認(rèn)為動(dòng)物應(yīng)當(dāng)受到同樣權(quán)利的愛(ài)護(hù)。A.acquiring獲得；B.desiring渴望；C.displaying表現(xiàn)（特性或情感等）；D.respecting敬重。依據(jù)空格后“humancharacteristics”可知，應(yīng)當(dāng)是動(dòng)物“表現(xiàn)出”人類特征，才應(yīng)當(dāng)受到同樣權(quán)利的愛(ài)護(hù)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：支持賜予動(dòng)物與人類同等權(quán)利的觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：科學(xué)家已經(jīng)在動(dòng)物身上發(fā)覺(jué)了我們通常認(rèn)為人類才有的特征。A.explores探究；B.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；C.overlooks忽視；D.emphasizes強(qiáng)調(diào)。依據(jù)空格后“thefactthat…”可知，空格后面陳述的是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，這是支持賜予動(dòng)物與人類同等權(quán)利的觀點(diǎn)的事實(shí)依據(jù)，由此可知，這里應(yīng)當(dāng)是為了支持自己的觀點(diǎn)，“強(qiáng)調(diào)”了這個(gè)事實(shí)。故選D項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：支持賜予動(dòng)物與人類同等權(quán)利的觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：科學(xué)家已經(jīng)在動(dòng)物身上發(fā)覺(jué)了我們通常認(rèn)為人類才有的特征。A.treat對(duì)待，治療；B.associate聯(lián)系；C.deal應(yīng)對(duì)，應(yīng)付；D.bear忍受。依據(jù)空格前“characteristics”和空格后“withhumans”可知，科學(xué)家在動(dòng)物身上發(fā)覺(jué)的特征，通常是與人類聯(lián)系在一起的，也就是說(shuō)，是人類常見(jiàn)的特征，associatewith意為“與……聯(lián)系在一起”，符合句意。故選B項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查介詞/介詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)是，盡管有令人信服的科學(xué)證據(jù)，但至少賜予一些動(dòng)物與人類同樣的權(quán)利的論點(diǎn)在哲學(xué)上是不合理的。A.considering考慮；B.despite盡管；C.insteadof代替；D.accordingto依據(jù)，依據(jù)。依據(jù)空格后“theargumentforgrantingatleastsomeanimalsthesamerightsashumanscan’tbejustifiedphilosophically”可知，上文提到的論點(diǎn)在哲學(xué)上是不合理的，由此可知，空格處句子表示“盡管”有令人信服的科學(xué)證據(jù)，但在哲學(xué)上是不合理的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：動(dòng)物權(quán)利的充分論證須要進(jìn)一步的哲學(xué)調(diào)查，而不僅僅是描述性的結(jié)論。A.conclusions結(jié)論；B.performances表演；C.experiments試驗(yàn)；D.messages信息。依據(jù)空格前“requirefurtherphilosophicalinquiry”和“not”可知，空格前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，須要的是進(jìn)一步的哲學(xué)調(diào)查，由此可知，不能僅僅是給出“結(jié)論”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查短語(yǔ)/副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，這并不意味著動(dòng)物應(yīng)當(dāng)享有和人類一樣的法律地位。A.inreturn作為回報(bào)；B.forinstance例如；C.therefore因此；D.however然而。結(jié)合上下文，上文提到我們對(duì)動(dòng)物受到的虐待感到憐憫并努力愛(ài)護(hù)它們免受這種待遇，下文提到這并不意味著動(dòng)物應(yīng)當(dāng)享有和人類一樣的法律地位，上下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，however意為“然而”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：有一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的理由來(lái)堅(jiān)持這種權(quán)利只適用于人類。A.denying否認(rèn)；B.maintaining維持，堅(jiān)持；C.recognizing承認(rèn)；D.suggesting建議。結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，下文闡述的是雖然基本權(quán)利在本質(zhì)上的確是有價(jià)值的，但假如沒(méi)有一個(gè)制度來(lái)確保這些權(quán)利，這些權(quán)利將毫無(wú)價(jià)值。由此可知，下文闡述的內(nèi)容是用來(lái)支持權(quán)利只適用于人類這一觀點(diǎn)的，所以下文提到的理由應(yīng)當(dāng)是用來(lái)“堅(jiān)持”這種權(quán)利只適用于人類的。故選B項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然基本權(quán)利在本質(zhì)上的確是有價(jià)值的，但假如沒(méi)有一個(gè)制度來(lái)確保這些權(quán)利，這些權(quán)利將毫無(wú)價(jià)值。A.approve贊成；B.demand要求；C.ensure確保，保證；D.reserve預(yù)定。依據(jù)上文“theywouldbeworthless”可知，應(yīng)當(dāng)是假如沒(méi)有一個(gè)制度來(lái)“確?！边@些權(quán)利，這些權(quán)利將毫無(wú)價(jià)值，沒(méi)有制度保證的權(quán)力就相當(dāng)于沒(méi)有權(quán)利。故選C項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：愛(ài)護(hù)我們權(quán)利的制度是這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：其他人對(duì)我們的行為負(fù)有義務(wù)。A.contracts合同；B.possession擁有，財(cái)產(chǎn)；C.faith信任；D.duties責(zé)任，義務(wù)。依據(jù)后文“Rightsanddutiesaretwosidesofthesamecoin,andonecannot_____tohavecertainrightswithouthavingtoobservetheduties.”可知，權(quán)利和義務(wù)是一枚硬幣的兩面，不履行義務(wù)就不能要求擁有某些權(quán)利。由此可知，空格處指的是其他人對(duì)我們的行為是負(fù)有“義務(wù)”的。故選D項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在我們的日常生活中，我們經(jīng)驗(yàn)了很多壞人可以從侵?jǐn)_我們的權(quán)利中獲利的狀況。A.profit獲利；B.keep保持；C.learn學(xué)習(xí)；D.result導(dǎo)致，產(chǎn)生。依據(jù)后文“fromviolating(侵?jǐn)_)ourrights”可知，壞人應(yīng)當(dāng)是從侵?jǐn)_我們的權(quán)利中“獲利”，profitfrom意為“得益于……”。故選A項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：權(quán)利和義務(wù)是一枚硬幣的兩面，不履行義務(wù)就不能要求擁有某些權(quán)利。A.afford買得起；B.claim索?。籆.pretend假裝；D.determine確定。依據(jù)句中“Rightsanddutiesaretwosidesofthesamecoin”可知，權(quán)利和義務(wù)是一枚硬幣的兩面，由此可知，不履行義務(wù)就不能“要求”擁有某些權(quán)利，claimto意為“要求”，為固定搭配。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他將在法庭上被追究責(zé)任，因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有盡到敬重我權(quán)利的義務(wù)。A.assigned安排；B.declared宣布；C.failed失敗，未能（做到）；D.fulfilled履行，執(zhí)行。依據(jù)句中“Hewillthenbeheldresponsibleinacourtoflaw”可知，他是因?yàn)椤皼](méi)有”盡到敬重我權(quán)利的義務(wù)，才被追究責(zé)任，failed意為“未能（做到）”，符合句意。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是完全合理的，但假如我的財(cái)產(chǎn)被大象侵?jǐn)_，我們確定會(huì)面臨障礙。A.dangers危急；B.questions問(wèn)題；C.charges指控；D.obstacles障礙。依據(jù)句意可知，假如我的財(cái)產(chǎn)被大象侵?jǐn)_，大象是無(wú)法擔(dān)當(dāng)責(zé)任的，由此可知，我們確定會(huì)面臨維權(quán)的“障礙”。故選D項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：假如我們假設(shè)動(dòng)物被賜予與人類同樣的法律地位，那么法律制度就要求我們現(xiàn)在就把大象拖上法庭。A.agreement協(xié)議；B.justice法律制度；C.criticism指責(zé)；D.frustration懊喪，挫敗。依據(jù)空格前“Ifweassumethatanimalsaregrantedthesamelegalstatusashumans”可知，假如動(dòng)物和人類法律地位一樣，大象就應(yīng)當(dāng)為它的行為負(fù)責(zé)，由此可知，是“法律制度”要求把大象拖上法庭審判。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，它現(xiàn)在受到與人類相同的法律程序的約束。A.open開(kāi)放的；B.addicted上癮的；C.subject聽(tīng)從于，受……支配；D.relevant相關(guān)的。依據(jù)上文可知假如一個(gè)動(dòng)物享有權(quán)利，它也要履行責(zé)任和義務(wù)，由此可知，它現(xiàn)在受到與人類相同的法律程序的“約束”，besubjectto意為“聽(tīng)從于，受……支配”，為固定短語(yǔ)，句中指受法律程序的支配。故選C項(xiàng)。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AThefirstthingwenoticeaboutnewpeoplearetheirfaces.Thenexttimeweseethesepeople,werememberthembecauseweremembertheirfaces.Thisseemslikeasimpleprocess.However,scientistsfoundthatitisnotsuchasimpleprocess.Thesectionofthebrainthatisresponsibleforfacerecognitionseemstoworkdifferentlyfordifferentpeople.Somepeoplehavegreatdifficultyrememberingandrecognizingfaces,whileothersalmostneverforgetaface.Normalbabiesarebornwithanaturalabilitytorecognizefaces.Infact,theirfacerecognitionabilitiesaremuchbetterthantheirparents.Babiesarehighlyskilledatfacerecognitionatsixmonths.Butbyninemonths,theylosethisskill,Byninemonths,ababy’sface-recognitionskillsareaboutthesameasanadult’s.Unfortunately,somepeoplearenotbornwiththisabilitytorecognizefaces.Thepartofthebrainthatisresponsibleforfacerecognitiondoesn’tworkforthem.Thisconditioniscalledfaceblindness.Peoplewithveryseverefaceblindnesscannotevenrecognizetheirownfaces.Infact,peoplewiththisconditioncansometimesbefrightenedwhentheylookinthemirror.Theydon’trecognizetheirownface,soforasecondtheyarestartledwhentheyseethisunfamiliarface.Faceblindnessisnotalwayssevere.Scientistsbelieveupto10percentofthepopulationmaybeaffectedbyfaceblindnesstosomedegree,yetmanypeoplewithmildfaceblindnessmightnotevenknowtheyhaveit.Theyhavenoreasontoknowtheyaredifferentfromanyoneelseuntilsomeonepointsitout.Thisissimilartopeoplewithcolorblindness.Colorblindpeoplecan’tseethedifferencebetweencertaincolorssuchasredandgreen,untilsomeonetellsthemthatgreenandredaretwodifferentcolors.Thereisnocureforfaceblindness.Soforthetimebeing.peoplewithfaceblindnessneedtofindsimpletechniquestocompensatefortheirproblem.Theycantrytorecognizepeoplebytheirhairstyle,theirvoice,ortheirglasses.Hopefully,inthefutureasscientistslearnmoreaboutthiscondition,theywillfindacure.36.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout____________.A.thewaytoimproveone’sface-recognitionskillsB.thefactthatsomepeoplehaveface-recognitionproblemsC.thesimpleprocessofthebraintorecognizeothers’facesD.theimportanceoffacerecognitioninhumancommunication37.Whendopeoplehavethekeenskillsofface-recognition?A.Atbirth. B.Inadolescence.C.Halfayearold. D.Ninemonthsold.38.Theboldword“startled”inthe3rdparagraphisclosesinmeaningto_______________.A.confused B.surprisedC.excited D.depressed39.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheproblemoffaceblindness?A.Peopleneedtotakeitseriously. B.Itaffectsagreatnumberofpeople.C.Itcanbecuredinthenearfuture. D.Certaintechniquescanmakeupforit.【答案】36.B37.C38.B39.D【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了面部識(shí)別方面的有關(guān)學(xué)問(wèn)以及有些人存在面部識(shí)別的問(wèn)題。【36題詳解】主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段中“Somepeoplehavegreatdifficultyrememberingandrecognizingfaces,whileothersalmostneverforgetaface.”（有些人很難記住和分辨面孔，而另一些人幾乎恒久不會(huì)遺忘面孔。）可知，第一段主要想說(shuō)明，事實(shí)上，有些人有面部識(shí)別問(wèn)題。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中“Babiesarehighlyskilledatfacerecognitionatsixmonths.”（六個(gè)月大的嬰兒面部識(shí)別實(shí)力很強(qiáng)。）可知人們?cè)诎胫軞q時(shí)具備敏銳的面部識(shí)別技能。故選C項(xiàng)。【38題詳解】詞句揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)第三段中“Peoplewithveryseverefaceblindnesscannotevenrecognizetheirownfaces.Infact,peoplewiththisconditioncansometimesbefrightenedwhentheylookinthemirror.”（嚴(yán)峻的臉盲癥患者甚至不能認(rèn)出自己的臉。事實(shí)上，有這種狀況的人有時(shí)候在照鏡子的時(shí)候會(huì)感到驚恐）可知，一些臉盲癥患者不相識(shí)自己的臉，照鏡子都會(huì)膽怯 ，再依據(jù)“Theydon’trecognizetheirownface,”（他們不相識(shí)自己的臉）可知，他們因?yàn)椴幌嘧R(shí)自己的臉，所以看到一張生疏的面孔時(shí)會(huì)感到驚恐，startled應(yīng)和frightened“受驚的”接近，選項(xiàng)中surprised與之詞義最為接近。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中“Thereisnocureforfaceblindness.Soforthetimebeing.peoplewithfaceblindnessneedtofindsimpletechniquestocompensatefortheirproblem.Theycantrytorecognizepeoplebytheirhairstyle,theirvoice,ortheirglasses.Hopefully,inthefutureasscientistslearnmoreaboutthiscondition,theywillfindacure.”（臉盲癥沒(méi)有治療方法。所以目前來(lái)說(shuō)。臉盲癥患者須要找到簡(jiǎn)潔的技術(shù)來(lái)彌補(bǔ)他們的問(wèn)題。他們可以嘗試通過(guò)發(fā)型、聲音或眼鏡來(lái)識(shí)別人。）可知，某些技術(shù)可以彌補(bǔ)臉盲癥患者的問(wèn)題。故選D項(xiàng)。BCAREERS&MANAGEMENTManylargecompaniesnowuseapplicant-trackingsystems（ATSs）.Asthenamesuggests,suchsystemshelprecruiterstrackandmanageapplicants.Theyalsoselectthebestcandidatesandfilterouttherest.Howcanyoumakesurethatyourapplicationgetspasttherobotsandreachesahumanrecruiter？Here’swhattheexpert,DEBORAHCAPRAS,says.Usetherightformat（格式）Mostapplicationsareremovedbecausetheyarenotformattedinwaythesesystemscanreadandinterpret:AmandaAugustine,careerexpertatPresumption,explainstoCNBCMakeIt.Checkwhichformatisspecifiedinthejobadbeforeyouuploadyourapplication.It’susuallyMicrosoftWordformat.KeepitsimpleAvoidcolumnsandtables,asmanysystemshaveproblemsrecognizingwherethesestartandend.AccordingtoAlludes,aspecialistrecruitmentcompany,youshouldkeepthestructureandformatsimple.“Don’tgetfancy”,advisesAlludesonitsblog.Usestandardfonts（ArialorCaliban）.ExcessiveformattingordecorativeelementsmightpresentanunreadablemesstotheATSs.SticktotraditionsUsetraditionalcategories,suchas“Achievements”,“Education”,“Professionalqualifications”,“Skills”and“Workexperience”.Thesesystemsareprogrammedtosorttheinformationintosuchcategories.“Thereisnostandardyouhavetofollow,”saysNickFrancisofSilencer,“butyoushouldsticktothemostpopularormostfrequentlyusedonestobesafe.”hetellsCNBCMakeIt.Understandthealgorithms（算法）“ATSalgorithmsaren’tthatdifferentfromthehumanalgorithms,”JonShields,marketingmanageratJacobson,tellsTheMuse.“We’reallkindofskimmingforthesamethings,”hesays.Thesystemfirstskimsyourapplicationforspecifickeywords,thenitrankscandidateswhomatchthejobdescriptionwell.Thisdoesn’tmeanyoushouldcopyandpastedirectlyfromthejobdescriptionintoyourapplication.Youshouldreuseexpressionsthatarerecognizedindustryterms.Thisisimportantwhenlistingjobtitles,qualificationsorachievements.Ifyou’renotsurewhichonestoinclude,useanonlinetooltofindtherightwords.Basically,evenifyouarehighlyqualified,unlessyouincludetherightsearchtermsinyourapplication,ahumanrecruiterwillnevermeetyou.40.Applicant-trackingsystems（ATSs）areusedfor________.A.formattingtheuploadedapplicationsB.collectingapplicants’datafromtheirapplicationsC.helpingcompaniesfindqualifiedcandidatesD.promotingapplicants’careerdevelopment41.WhichofthefollowingisNOTDEBORAHCAPRAS’advice？A.Checktheformatusedinyourapplicationbeforeuploadingit.B.Keepthestructureandformatofyourapplicationsimple.C.Sticktothemostpopularorfrequentlyusedcategories.D.Avoidusingexpressionsthatarerecognizedindustryterms.42.Thisbrochuremainlytalksabout_______________.A.whereapplicantsshouldsendtheirapplications.B.howapplicantscouldgettheirapplicationspastATSs.C.whatapplicantsmustdoinpreparingforaninterview.D.whyATSalgorithmsworkinthesamewayashuman’s.【答案】40.C41.D42.B【解析】本文是說(shuō)明文。關(guān)于求職者如何確保他們的申請(qǐng)通過(guò)ATSs系統(tǒng)的審核，文章提出了幾條建議?！?0題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段中“Asthenamesuggests,suchsystemshelprecr