基本的螺旋錐齒輪外文翻譯

TheBasicsofSpiralBevelGears1GearingPrinciplesCylindricalandStraightBevelGearsThepurposeofgearsistotransmitmotionandtorquefromoneshafttoanother,Thattransmissionnormallyhastooccurwithaconstantratio,thelowestpossibledisturbancesderivedfromastraightrackwithstraighttoothprofile.Aparticulargear,rollingintherackwithconstantcenterdistancetotherack,requiresinvoluteflanksurfaces.Ashapingtoolwiththeshapeofrackcanmachineagearwithaperfectinvoluteflankform.Figure1showsacylindricalgearrollinginarack.Inthecaseofasingleindexfacemillingmethod,thetoothleadfunctioniscircular,asthebladeinthecutterperformsacircularmotion,whilethegeneratinggearrestsinafixedangularposition.Thetoothprofilingbetweenthecutterandthegeneratinggeardoesnotrequireanyrotationofthegeneratinggear.Thevirtualgeneratinggearisformedbythecutterheadinanon-generatingprocess.InFigure3,therotatingbladesinthecutterheadcanbeunderstoodtorepresentonetoothofthegeneratinggear.Asexplainedearlier,thegeneratinggearisthebevelgearequivalentofthestraightrackforgeneratingacylindricalgeartooth.Thepinionslotproducedinthatwayhastwodefects.First,theprofilewillnotallowrollingbetweenpinionandgeneratinggear(comparetotherackandcylindricalgeartoothinFigure1).Second,thepinionslotdoesnothavetheproperdepthalongthefacewidth.Assoonastheteethhaveaspiralangleandtheslotinclinestoanangleonanaxialplane,theteethwindaroundtheworkgearbody.Inafixedangularposition,justtheheelsection,forexample,iscuttotheproperdepth.Therollmotionrotatesthevirtualgeneratinggearandtheworkgearwiththeproperratiowhiletheyareengaged(similartothelinearmotionoftherack,Figure1,inconjunctionwiththegearrotation).Thatprocedurewasformachiningoneslot.Tomachinethenextslot,thecutterwithdraws,andtheworkindexesonepitch.Thespiralangleistheinclinationangleofthecurvedtoothtangenttotheradiusvectorfromtheintersectionpointofpinionandgearaxis(seeFigure4).Becauseofthecurvedshapeofthetoothlength,differentpointsalongthelacewidthhavedifferentspiralangles.Thenominalspiralangleofthespiralbevelgearorpinionistheanglemeasuredfromthecenterofthetooth.Itispossibletouseabevelgeneratinggearthatisidenticaltotileringgear."Filepinionisinthatcasegeneratedbyrollingwiththebevelgeneratinggear,andthegearismanufacturedsimplybyplungingthecuttertofulldepthwithoutrolling(non-generatedformcutting).Astraighttoothbevelgearsethascontactlinesthatareparalleltothepitchline(Figure5,top).Thefirstcontactbetweenageneratinggeartoothandapiniontoothstarts,forexample,intherootandmovesduringtherotationofthetwomatingmembersalongthepathofcontactstraightuptothetop.Thecontactlinesrepresentthemomentarycontactbetweenthetwoflanksinmesh.Withaspiralbevelgearsetthecontactlinesareinclinedrelativetothepitchlineorientation.Unlikethecontactlinesofthestraightbevelgearset,thecontactlinesofthespiralbevelgearsethavedifferentlengths.Thebottomoffigure5showsthemovementofthecontactfromheeltoptotoeroot.Theveryshortcontactlengthincreasesfromthebeginningoftherolltowardsthecenterofthefacewidthandreducesastherollapproachestheexitatthetoeend.Thecontactlinesbetweenpinionandgeneratinggearareidenticaltothecontactlinesbetweencutterbladesandpinionflanks.2SingleIndexProcess--FaceMillingInasingleindexprocess,justoneslotiscutatatime.Forthenon-generatedmemberonly,thecutterrotatesandisfedintotheworkgeartothefulldepth.Afterreachingthefulldepth,thecutterwithdrawsandtheworkindexesonepitchtothenextdesiredslotposition(Figure6,rightside).Theprocessrepeatsuntilallslotshavebeenmachined.Theresultingflankleadfunctionisacirculararc.Machiningageneratedmemberisdonebyplungingattheheelrollpositionfirst.Afterplunging,therollmotionbegins,andgeneratingoftheflanksfromheeltotoeoccurs.Theflankleadfunctionforafacemilled,generatedgearisacirculararcthatiswoundaroundaconicalsurface.Themanufacturing.ofafacemilledbevelgearpairispossibleinafive-cutprocessorinacompletingprocess.Thefive-cutprocessconsistsofthefollowingfiveindependentoperations:1.Gearroughing(alternateroughingblades),2.Gearfinishing(alternatefinishingblades),3.Pinionroughing(alternateroughingblades),4.Pinionfinishingconvex(innerbladesonly),and5.Pinionfinishingconcave(outerbladesonly).Acompletingprocessusestwocombinedoperations:1.Gearroughingandfinishing(alternateroughingfinishingblades)and2.Pinionroughingandfinishing(alternateroughingfinishingblades).3ContinuousIndexingProcess--FaceHobbingAcontinuouscuttingprocessconsistsofcontinuousrotationsandafeedmotiononly.Whileanouterandaninnerblademovethroughaslotoftheworkgear,theworkgearisrotatingintheoppositedirection,Therelationofthecutterrpmandtheworkrotationisequivalenttotheratiobetweenthenumberofworkgearteethandthenumbercutterheadbladegroups(starts).Theresultingflankleadfunctionisanepicycloid.Theeffectivecuttingdirectionofthebladesinthecutterheadisnotperpendiculartothecutterradiusvector(likeinthesingleindexingprocess).Thebladesaremovedinthecutterheadtangentiallytoanoffsetpositiontoaccommodatethecorrectorientationwithrespecttothecuttingmotionvector.Thepitchpointsonthecuttingedgeofinnerandouterbladehaveanidenticalradius.Therightslotwidthisachievedwiththeangulardistancebetweentheouterblade(first)andthefollowinginnerblade.TheleftportionofFigure6showsthekinematicrelationshipandtheorientationofthebladesrelativetocutterandcuttingmotion.Balancingofthetooththicknessesbetweenpinionandgearcanonlyberealizedbydifferentradiiofinnerandouterbladepitchpoints,sincethespacingbetweenthebladesisgivenbythecutterheaddesignandthereforeremainsconstant.Whileonebladegroup(likeshowninFigure6)ismovingthroughoneslot,theworkrotatesintheoppositedirection,suchthatthenextbladegroupentersthenextslot.Thatway,alltheslotsaroundtheworkgeararecutataboutthesametime.Thefeedmotiontofeedthecrittertothefulldepthpositionisthereforeslowerthaninthesingleindexprocess.Anon-generatedworkgearisfinishedwhenthefulldepthpositionisreached.Togetthehighestpossiblespacingaccuracy,adwelltimeisappliedtothenon-generatedmember.Theaimofthedwellmotionistoalloweachbladetomoveoncemoretoeachslot,whichtakesNslotstopassby,whereNisthenumberofcutterstartstimesthenumberof.gearteeth.Nisequivalenttoasmanyringgearrevolutionsasthecutterhasstarts.Forageneratedpinion,arollmotionfollowstheplungingcycleinthecenter,rollposition(thecutterdoesnotcutthefulldepthyet).Therollmotionafterplungingmovesthecuttingactiontotheheel;bothplungingandrollingtoheelispartoftheroughingcycle.Attheheelrollposition,thecutteradvancestothefulldepthposition,thecutterrpmincreasestoafinishingsurfacespeed,andaslowrollmotionfromheeltotoefollows.Whenarrivingatthetoe(endrollposition),allteethofthegeneratedworkgearorpinionarefinished(seeFigure7).4HeatTreatmentofBevelGearsHeattreatmentfollowsthesoftcuttingoperation.Thegenerallyusedlowcarbonsteelhastobecarburizedonthesurface,bycasehardeningforexample.Theheattreatmentisfinishedwiththequenchingoperationthatprovidesasurfacehardnessintherangeof60to63Rc(RockwellC)．Thepinionmaybe3Rcharderthantheringgeartoequalizethewearandreducetheriskofscoring．Thecorematerialstayssofterandmoreductile，withahardnessintherangeof30to40Rc.Thedistortionsfromheattreatmentarecriticaltothefinalhardfinishingoperation．Thekindofheattreatmentfacility(saltbath，furnaceorcontinuousfurnace)，aswellasthedifferencesbetweenthechargesofblankmaterial，hasasignificantinfluenceOnthegeardistortion．Thegear,whichismostlyshapedlikearing，losesitsflatness(itgetsafacerun-out)．viathehardeningprocedure．Thepinion，inmostcases，isshapedlikealongshaftthatlosesitsstraightness(radialrun—out)．Inadditiontotheblankbodydistortions，heattreatingcausesadistortionoftheindividualteeth．Thespiralanglechanges，theflanklengthcurvatureisreducedandthepressureanglechanges．Toachievethebestresults，attentionhastobepaidtoprocessingandhandlingofthepartsthroughthefurnace．5HardFinishingofBevelGearsThefinalmachiningoperationafterheattreatmentshouldprovideagoodsurfacefinishandremoveflankdistortions.Themostcommonprocessusedislapping.Pinionandgeararebroughtintomeshandrolledunderlighttorque.Toprovideanabrasiveaction,amixtureofoilandsiliconcarbideispouredbetweentheteeth(Figure8).Arelativemovementofpinionandgearalongtheiraxesandamovementinoffsetdirectioniscreated,suchthatthecontactareamovesfromtoetoheelandbacknumeroustimes.Thelappingprocessimprovesthesurfacefinish，leavesadesirablemicro-structureontheflanksurfacesandremovesheattreatdistortionstosomeextent.Themetalremovalisnotuniforminthedifferentflanksectionsandvariesfromsettoset,sincethepinionandgearareusedastoolstohardfinisheachother.Thisisthereasonwhylappedsetshavetobebuiltasapair;lappedpinionsandgearsarenotinterchangeable.Thelappingsurfacestructureisnotorientedinthedirectionofthecontactlines,thusprovidingagoodhydrodynamicoilfilmbetweenthecontactareas.Thelappingstructurealsotendstodeliversidebandsinanoisefrequencyanalysis,whichmakesthegearsetappeartorollmorequietly.Duringthelappingprocess,apinionandageararealwaysmachinedandfinishedatthesametime.Thetimetolapapairisequaltoorshorterthanthetimetomachineonememberusinganotherfinishingmethod.Therefore,lappingisoftencalledthemosteconomicalbevelgearfinishingprocess.Anotherfinishingoptionisgrindingofbevelgears,whichislimitedtofacemilled(singleindex)bevelgears.Thegrindingwheelenvelopsasinglesideoranalternatecompletingcutter(Figure9).Today'stechnologydoesnotallowtheuseofagrindingtoolinacontinuousindexingprocess.Theadvantageofgrindingisthemanufacturingofanaccurateflanksurfacewithapredeterminedtopography.Theprocessallowstheconstantlyrepeatedproductionofequalpans.Buildinginpairsisnotnecessary.Lappedpairsusedinvehiclesrequireanoilchangeafterthefirst1,000milesbecauseofabrasiveparticlesintroducedtothetoothsurfacesduringlapping.Afurtheradvantageofgrindingoverlappingisthatsuchanoilchangeisunnecessarywithgroundspiralbevelgears.Aprocessbetweenlappingandgrindingwithrespecttosurfacespeedandrelativemotionishoning.Honingtrialsonbevelgearshavebeendone,buttheyhaven'tbeenprovensuccessful.Skivingisahardcuttingprocess.Atoolmaterialsuchascarbideorboroncarbonitrideisusedontilecuttingedge.Thecuttingmachinesetupisidenticaltothatforsoftmachining.Thebladepointdimensioniswiderthantheoneforsoftcutting,suchthata0.005-inchuniformstockremovalperflanktakesplace.Skivingdeliversahighqualitypartaccuracyandafinesurfacefinish.Skivingisappliedtosmallbatchesofmostlylargergearsets,Theadvantageofskivingistheuseofthesamecutterhead(onlywithdifferentblades)andthepossibleuseofthesamecuttingmachine.Thatmakestheinvestmentinmachinesandtoolsaminimum.6SomeBevelGearConventionsTheexpression"bevelgears"isusedasageneraldescriptionforstraightandspiralbevelgearsaswellashypoidgearsets.Iftheaxesofthepinionandgeardonotintersectbuthaveadistanceinspace,thegearsetiscalledahypoidgearset.Thenameisderivedfromthehyperbolicshapeofthe"pitchcones."Forsimplification,theblanksarestillmanufacturedwithaconicalshape.Theconvexgearflankrollswiththeconcavepinionflank.Thispairofflanksiscalledthe"driveside."Thedirectionofrotationwherethoseflankscontactthepiniondrivesiscalledthedrivedirection.Thedrivesidedirectionisalwaysusedinvehiclestodrivethevehicleforward.Thereversedirectionissubsequentlycalledthecoastside(vehiclerollsdownhill,footisoffthegaspedal,wheelsdrivetheengine).Insomecases,thecoastsideisusedtodrivethevehicle,butitisstillcalledthecoastside.Ease-offisthepresentationofflankformcorrectionsappliedtopinionand/orgear.Theease-offtopographyindefinedintheringgearcoordinatesystem,regardlessofwherethecorrectionsweredone(pinion,gearorboth).Protuberanceisaprofilereliefintherootareaoftheflank,whichpreventsflankdamageresultingfrom"diggingin"ofthematingtooth'stopedge.Protuberanceisrealizedwithacuttingblademodification.7LocalizedToothContactWhenbevelgearsetsarecutaccordingtothecrowngearorgeneratinggearprinciple,theresultisaconjugatepairofgears.Conjugatemeanspinionandgearhavealinecontactineachangularposition.Whilerotatingthegearinmesh,thecontactlinemovesfromheeltoptotoeroot.Themotiontransmissionhappensineachrollpositionwithpreciselythesameconstantratio.Rolltestingisdoneinspeciallydesignedbevelgeartestmachines.Ifamarkingcompound(paint)isbrushedontotheflanksoftheringgearmember,aroilinginmeshunderlighttorquemakesthecontactareavisible.Inthecaseofaconjugatepair,thecontactareaisspreadoutovertheentireactiveflank.Thatistheofficialdefinitionofthecontactarea.Itisthesummationofallcontactlinesduringthecompleterollofonepairofteeth.Conjugatebevelgearpairsarenotsuitableforoperationunderloadanddeflections.Misalignmentcausesahighstressconcentrationonthetoothedges.Topreventthosestressconcentrations,acrowninginfacewidthandprofiledirectionisappliedtonearlyallbevelpinions.Theamountofcrowninghasarelationshiptotheexpectedcontactstressanddeflections.Toanalyzetoothcontactandcrowning,computerprogramsfortoothcontactanalysis(TCA)weredeveloped.Figurel0showstheTCAresultofaconjugatebevelgearset.ThetopsectionofFigure10representsagraphicoftheease-off.Theease-offrepresentsthesumoftheflankcorrections，regardlessofwhethertheyweredoneinthepinionorgearmember.Theoctoidalprofileandcurvedleadfunctionarefilteredout.Thereforetheease-offisa"flat"zerotopographyforconjugategears.Thetoothcontactisshownbelowtheease-off.Toothorientationisindicatedwith"heel,toeandroot."Thecoastanddrivesidesshowafullcontact,coveringtheentireactiveworkingareaoftheflanks.ThelowerdiagraminFigure10isthetransmissionerror.Conjugatepairsrollkinematicallyexactlywitheachother.Thatrollisreflectedbypointsongraphsthatmatchtheabscissasofthediagrams.Eachpointofthosegraphshasazerovalue(ZG-direction,),sotheycannotbedistinguishedfromthebasegrid.Thebasegridandgraphareidenticalanddrawnontopofeachother.Thatcharacterizesaconjugatepairofgearflanks.Thetransmissiongraphalwaysdisplaysthemotionvariationofthreeadjacentpairsofteeth.Toachieveasuitableflankcontact,today'sflankcorrectionsmostlyconsistofthreeelements,showninFigure11.Profilecrowning(Figure11，left)istheresultofabladeprofilecurvature.Lengthcrowning(Figure11,center)canbeachievedbymodificationofthecutterradiusorbyatiltedcutterheadinconjunctionwithbladeanglemodification.Flanktwist(Figure11，right)isakinematiceffectresultingfromahigherordermodulationoftherollratio(modifiedroll)orcutterheadtiltinconjunctionwithamachinerootanglechange.Thethreementionedflankmodificationscanbecombined,suchthatthedesirablecontactlengthandwidth,pathofcontactdirectionandtransmissionvariationmagnitudearerealized.TheTCAcharacteristics(contactpatternandtransmissionvariation)arechosentosuitthegearsetfortheexpectedamountofcontactstressandgeardeflections.基本的螺旋錐齒輪1圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)原理與直錐齒輪齒輪的目的是傳遞運(yùn)動(dòng)和扭矩從一個(gè)到另一個(gè)軸，即傳輸通常必須不斷發(fā)生率，盡可能最低的干擾來自直機(jī)架直齒廓。一個(gè)特別的裝置，在機(jī)架軋制不斷中心距離固定在機(jī)架上，要求漸開線側(cè)表面。阿塑造工具形狀的機(jī)架可以機(jī)齒輪與漸開線側(cè)翼一個(gè)完美的形式。圖1顯示了圓柱齒輪滾動(dòng)在機(jī)架上。在一個(gè)單一的指數(shù)銑方法，牙齒導(dǎo)致職能是圓形的，因?yàn)榈镀牡毒哌M(jìn)行圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)，而產(chǎn)生齒輪在于固定角位置。描出在切削刀和引起的齒輪之間的牙不要求引起的齒輪的任何自轉(zhuǎn)。真正引起的齒輪由刀頭在一個(gè)非引起的過程中形成。在表3，在刀頭的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的刀片可以被了解代表引起的齒輪的一顆牙。如前所述，引起的齒輪是平直的機(jī)架的斜齒輪等值引起的一顆圓柱形齒輪牙。插槽的齒輪生產(chǎn)的這種方式有兩個(gè)缺陷。首先，外形不會(huì)準(zhǔn)許滾動(dòng)在插槽的齒輪生產(chǎn)和引起齒輪(與機(jī)架和圓柱形齒輪齒比較在表1)。其次，插槽的齒輪生產(chǎn)沒有沿面孔寬度適當(dāng)?shù)纳疃?。?dāng)輪齒有一個(gè)螺旋角和插槽傾向于一個(gè)角度對(duì)軸向平面，輪齒就繞在工作齒輪體附近。例如，在一個(gè)固定的角位腳跟部分被削減到適當(dāng)?shù)纳疃?。滾動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的虛擬生成齒輪和工作齒輪以適當(dāng)?shù)谋嚷?，?dāng)他們?cè)手Z時(shí)(類似于直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的機(jī)架上，圖1，結(jié)合齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn))。這一程序是一個(gè)槽的加工。機(jī)器下次插槽，刀具撤出，和工作把一調(diào)子編入索引。螺旋角度是彎曲的牙正切的傾角對(duì)從交點(diǎn)的向徑鳥翼末端和齒輪軸(參見圖4)。由于輪齒長(zhǎng)度的彎曲的形狀，沿鞋帶寬度的不同的點(diǎn)有不同的螺旋角度。螺旋斜齒輪或鳥翼末端的有名無實(shí)的螺旋角度是從牙的中心計(jì)量的角度。使用與瓦片冠狀齒輪是相同的一個(gè)二面對(duì)切的生成齒輪是可能的。文件齒輪是在這種情況下所產(chǎn)生的滾動(dòng)生成與錐齒輪和齒輪制造僅僅通過使刀具全面深入的不滾動(dòng)（非生成的形式切割）。直齒錐齒輪設(shè)置了接觸線，是平行的節(jié)線（圖5，頂端）。第一次接觸生成齒輪和小齒輪齒開始，例如，在根和行動(dòng)期間輪流擔(dān)任的兩個(gè)交配成員沿著聯(lián)系起來頂端。接觸線代表兩個(gè)側(cè)面網(wǎng)格一時(shí)之間的聯(lián)系的。隨著螺旋錐齒輪的接觸線設(shè)置傾向于相對(duì)節(jié)線的方向。不同的接觸線的設(shè)置直齒圓錐齒輪，接觸線的螺旋錐齒輪設(shè)定有不同的長(zhǎng)度。底部圖5顯示接觸的運(yùn)動(dòng)從腳跟上面到腳趾根。當(dāng)卷接近出口在腳趾末端，非常短的接觸長(zhǎng)度增加從最初卷朝面孔寬度的中間并且減少。

小齒輪和生成齒輪之間的接觸線與在刀片和小齒輪側(cè)面之間的接觸線線是相同的。2單指數(shù)過程—端銑在一個(gè)指數(shù)過程中，只有一個(gè)插槽被切斷的時(shí)間。非成員只能生成，刀具旋轉(zhuǎn)，并反饋到工作齒輪的全面深入。經(jīng)過全面深入的接觸，刀具撤回和工作指標(biāo)之一間距下一期望插槽的位置（圖6，右側(cè)）。重復(fù)這一過程，直到所有插槽已加工。由此產(chǎn)生的側(cè)翼導(dǎo)致功能是一個(gè)圓弧。

用機(jī)器制造一名引起的成員由首先浸入完成在腳跟卷位置。在浸入以后，滾動(dòng)開始，并且引起側(cè)面從腳跟到腳趾發(fā)生。被碾碎的面孔的側(cè)面主角作用，引起的齒輪是在圓錐形表面附近受損的圓弧。端銑錐齒輪的制造在五次切削過程或在一個(gè)完成的過程中是可能的。五次切削過程包括以下五個(gè)獨(dú)立操作：1，齒輪粗磨(供選擇粗磨刀片)，

2，齒輪精整(供選擇精整刀片)，

3，齒輪粗加工（候補(bǔ)粗加工刀片），

4，齒輪加工的凹面(僅內(nèi)在刀片)和

5，齒輪加工的凹面(僅外面刀片)。一個(gè)完成的過程使用二個(gè)聯(lián)合操作：

1，齒輪粗加工和精加工（候補(bǔ)粗加工整理刀片）和

2，小齒輪齒輪粗加工和精加工（候補(bǔ)粗加工整理刀片）。3連續(xù)的索引編制過程--面孔滾銑一連續(xù)切削過程包括連續(xù)旋轉(zhuǎn)和進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)。雖然外部和內(nèi)部的刀片移動(dòng)插槽齒輪的工作，工作齒輪旋轉(zhuǎn)方向相反的關(guān)系，刀具轉(zhuǎn)速和輪換的工作，就等于將之間的比例，一些工作齒輪和一些刀頭刀片組（啟動(dòng)）。由此產(chǎn)生的側(cè)翼導(dǎo)致功能是一個(gè)外擺線。有效切割方向的葉片在刀頭不是垂直于刀具半徑載體（如在單一索引程序）。葉片被移到在刀頭切一個(gè)抵消的立場(chǎng)，以適應(yīng)的正確方向?qū)η邢鬟\(yùn)動(dòng)矢量。比賽分上最先進(jìn)的內(nèi)部和外部的刀片有一個(gè)相同的半徑。槽寬度的權(quán)利是實(shí)現(xiàn)與角之間的距離外刀片（第一）和下面的內(nèi)層刀片。左邊的圖6顯示了運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)關(guān)系和方向的葉片相對(duì)刀具和切削運(yùn)動(dòng)。平衡齒厚齒輪和齒輪之間才能實(shí)現(xiàn)不同的半徑內(nèi)，外葉片間距點(diǎn)，因?yàn)榈镀g的間距是由刀頭設(shè)計(jì)，因此保持不變。雖然有一個(gè)刀片組（如圖6）正在通過一個(gè)插槽，工作旋轉(zhuǎn)方向相反，例如，下葉片組進(jìn)入下插槽。這樣一來，所有的插槽周圍的工作齒輪切割大約在同一時(shí)間。進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)深入最大深度位置，因此速度慢于在單一指數(shù)進(jìn)程。非工作齒輪生成完成時(shí)，充分深入的位置是到達(dá)。要獲得盡可能高的間距精確度，停留時(shí)間是適用于非生成部件。停留運(yùn)動(dòng)的目的是為了讓每一個(gè)刀片將再次給每個(gè)插槽，其中N插槽通過的，其中N是一些刀具開始倍的齒輪。N是相當(dāng)于許多齒圈變化的刀已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)。為引起的鳥翼末端，滾動(dòng)在中心，卷位置跟隨浸入的周期(切削刀不切開最大的深度)。滾動(dòng)在浸入以后移動(dòng)切口行動(dòng)向腳跟;浸入和滾動(dòng)停頓是粗磨周期的一部分。在腳跟卷位置，切削刀推進(jìn)到最大的深度位置，切削刀rpm增加到精整表面速度，并且緩慢的滾動(dòng)從腳跟到腳趾跟隨。當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)腳趾(末端卷位置)時(shí)，引起的工作的所有牙適應(yīng)或完成鳥翼末端(參見圖7)。4錐齒輪的熱處理熱處理如下軟切割作業(yè)。一般用于低碳鋼，必須滲碳表面上，由表面硬化的例子。熱處理后的淬火運(yùn)作，它提供了表面硬度范圍為60至63紅細(xì)胞（羅克韋爾C）來完成。該齒輪可能更難3紅細(xì)胞比齒圈有同等的磨損和降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的.核心材料保持更加柔和，更有韌性，具有硬度范圍為30至40個(gè)紅細(xì)胞。扭曲的熱處理是至關(guān)重要的最后努力完成手術(shù)種熱處理設(shè)施（鹽浴爐或連續(xù)爐），以及之間的分歧收費(fèi)空白材料，具有重大影響的齒輪失真。齒輪，其中大部分是像一個(gè)環(huán)，即失去其平坦度（它得到面臨跳動(dòng)）。通過硬化齒輪，在大多數(shù)情況下，是像一個(gè)長(zhǎng)軸是失去其直線度（徑向運(yùn)行出）。除了空白身體扭曲，熱處理造成