2023年考研英語(yǔ)二真題

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2023年全國(guó)碩士碩士入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試

英語(yǔ)（二）

（科目代碼204）

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2023年全國(guó)碩士碩士入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)(二)試題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA

,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithout

work.Todayisnodifferent,withacademics,writers,andactivistsonce

againlthattechnologybereplacinghumanworkers.Someimaginethatthe

comingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedby2.Afewwealthypeoplewill

ownallthecapital,andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverished

wasteland.

Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive3holdsthatthefuturewill

beawastelandofadifferentsort,one4bypurposelessness:Withoutjobs

togivetheirlives5,peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.6,

today(sunemployeddon'tseemtobehavingagreattime.OneGalluppoll

foundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleast

ayearreporthavingdepression,doubletheratefor7Americans.Also,

someresearchsuggeststhatthe8forrisingratesofmortality,

mental-healthproblems,andaddicting9poor1y-educatedmiddle-aged

peopleisshortageofwell-paidjobs.Perhapsthisiswhymany10the

agonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.

Butitdoesn't11followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithout

workwouldbefilledwithunease.Suchvisionsarebasedonthe12ofbeing

unemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Inthe13of

work,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcouldl4strikingly

differentcircumstancedforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Today,the

15ofworkmaybeabitoverblown."Manyjobsareboring,degrading,

unhealthy,andawasteofhumanpotential,"saysJohnDanaher,alecturer

attheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway.

Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively16formostworkers,

peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualand

emotional17oftheirjobs."WhenIcomehomefromahardday'swork,

Ioftenfeell8Danahersays,adding,“InaworldinwhichIdon't

havetowork,Imightfeelratherdifferent"—perhapsdifferentenough

tothrowhimself19ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusually

reservedfor20matters.

1,[A]boasting[B]denying[C]warning[D]ensuring

2?[A]inequality[B][C][D]uncertainty

instabilityunreliability

3,[A]policy[B]guideline[C]resolution[D]prediction

4-[A][B]divided[C]balanced[D]measured

characterized

5,[A]wisdom[B]meaning[C]glory[D]freedom

6?[A]Instead[B]Indeed[C]Thus[D]Nevertheless

7?[A]rich[B]urban[C]working[D]educated

8,[A]explanation[B][C]compensation[D]substitute

requirement

9?[A]under[B]beyond[C]alongside[D]among

10-[A]leavebehind[B]makeup[C]worryabout[D]setaside

11?[A][B][C]necessarily[D]economically

statisticallyoccasionally

12?[A]chances[B]downsides[C]benefits[D]principles

13?[A]absence[B]height[C]face[D]course

14?[A]disturb[B]restore[C]exclude[D]yield

15?[A]model[B]practice[C]virtue[D]hardship

16?[A]tricky[B]lengthy[C]mysterious[D]scarce

17?[A]demands[B]standards[C]qualities[D]threats

18?[A]ignored[B]tired[C]confused[D]starved

19?[A]off[B]against[C]behind[D]into

20?[A][B][C]educational[D]

technologicalprofessionalinterpersonal

SectionllReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetoffto

run5kmaroundtheirlocalpark.TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozen

friendsandhasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Eventsare

free,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryears

oldtograndparents;theirtimesrangefromAndrewBaddeley'sworld

record13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.

ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon'sOlympiclegacy"isfailing.

TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30th

OlympiadwouldbeinLondon.Planningdocumentspledgedthatthegreat

legacyoftheGameswouldbetolevelanationofsportloversawayfrom

theircouches.Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemore

winners.Ithasnothappened.Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdid

rise,bynearly2millionintherun—upto2023—butthegeneral

populationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatan

acceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingat

leasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamong

adultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon

2023failedto**inspireageneration.HThesuccessofParkrunoffers

answers.

Parkunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlycompetitoristhe

clock.Theethoswelcomesanybody.Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-out

first-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalent

shining.TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoing

sportsandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.Thedualaimwasmixedup:The

stressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers.

Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategetting

involvedintheplanningofsuchafundamentally“grassroots”,concept

ascommunitysportsassociations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,it

shouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods—makingsure

thereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetball

courts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.

Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,

squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsport

ineducation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernments

needtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleast

notmakethemworse.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas.

[A]gainedgreatpopularity

[B]createdmanyjobs

[C]strengthenedcommunityties

becomeanofficialfestival

22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondon'sOlympic**legacy"hasfailedto.

[A]boostpopulationgrowth

[B]promotesportparticipation

[C]improvethecity'simage

[D]increasesporthoursinschools

23.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit.

[A]aimsatdiscoveringtalents

[B]focusesonmasscompetition

[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism

[D]doesnotattractfirst-timers

24.Withregardtomasssport,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould.

[A]organize'grassroots"sportsevents

[B]superviselocalsportsassociations

[C]increasefundsforsportsclubs

[D]investinpublicsportsfacilities

25.Theauthor'sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsports

is.

[A]tolerant[B]critical[C]uncertain[D]sympathetic

Text2

WithsomuchfocusonchiIdren'suseofscreens,it'seasyfor

parentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse."Techisdesignedtoreally

suckonyouin,“saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,“and

digitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithard

todisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.”

Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimes

bygivingmother-chiIdpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthat

motherswhosueddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewer

verbaland39percentfewernonverba1interactionswiththeirchiIdren.

Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceof

tensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethe

chiIdrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.

Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheir

world,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive—astheyoftenare

whenabsorbedinadevice—itcanbeextremelydisconcertingfoethe

chiIdren.Radeskycitesthe**sti11faceexperiment"devisedby

developmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotheris

askedtointeractwithherchiIdinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablank

expressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;ThechiId

becomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother's

attention.''Parentsdon'thavetobeexquisitelyparentsatalltimes,

butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveand

sensitivetoachild'sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotional

need,"saysRadesky.

Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesabout

kids'useofscreensarebornoutofan'oppressiveideologythatdemands

thatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting"withtheirchiIdren:"It's

basedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-midd1e-c1ass

ideologythatsaysifyou'refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000words

youareneglectingthem."Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachild

isn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere'snovalueto

it—particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohousework

orsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalot

outofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutof

theway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthenbemoreavailable

totheirchiIdtherestofthetime.

26.AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto.

[A]simplifyroutinematters

[B]absorbuserattention

[C]betterinterpersonalrelations

[D]increaseworkefficiency

27.Radesky'sfood-testingexerciseshowsthatmothers'useofdevices

[A]takesawaybabies'appetite

[B]distractschildren'sattention

[C]slowsdownbabies'verbaldevelopment

[D]reducesmother-childcommunication

28.Radesky'scitesthe“stillfaceexperiment"toshowthat.

[A]itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions

[B]verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchange

[C]childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents'mood

[D]parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneeds

29.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparents

to.

[A]protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies

[B]teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear

[C]ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren

[D]remainconcernedaboutkid'suseofscreens

30.AccordingtoTronick,kid'suseofscreensmay.

[A]givetheirparentssomefreetime

[B]maketheirparentsmorecreative

[C]helpthemwiththeirhomework

[D]helpthembecomemoreattentive

Text3

Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegein

conjunctionwithincreasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworld

oftencausesstudentstocompletelyoverlookthepossibilityoftaking

agapyear.Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthe

fall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn'tit?Andaftergoing

toschoolfor12years,itdoesn'tfeelnaturaltospendayeardoing

somethingthatisn'tacademic.

Butwhilethismaybetrue,it'snotagoodenoughreasontocondemn

gapyears.There'salwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelse

onthesociallyperpetuated“racetothefinishline,“whetherthatbe

towardgraduateschool,medicalschoolorlucrativecareer.Butdespite

commonmisconceptions,agapyeardoesnothinderthesuccessofacademic

pursuits—infact,itprobablyenhancesit.

StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswho

takeagapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterin

collegethanthosewhodonot.Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agap

yearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,new

responsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges—al1thingsthatfirst-year

studentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.Gapyearexperiencescanlessen

theblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoa

brandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsand

activitiesratherthanacc1imationb1unders.

Ifyou'renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearoff

toexploreinterests,thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfuture

academicchoices.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEducation

Statistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheir

majorsatleastonce.Thisisn'tsurprising,consideringthebasic

mandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoor

understandingofthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollege

applications,butswitchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.

It'snotnecessarilyabadthing,butdependingontheschool,itcan

becostlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegame.AtBoston

College,forexample,youwouldhavetocompleteanextrayearwereyou

toswitchtothenursingschoolfromanotherdepartment.Takingagapyear

tofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelppreventstressandsavemoneylater

on.

31.Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyear

isthat.

[A]theythinkitacademicallymisleading

[B]theyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollege

[C]itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothers

[D]itseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscourses

32.StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyear

helps.

[A]keepstudentsfrombeingunrealistic

[B]lowerrisksinchoosingcareers

[C]easefreshmen'sfinancialburdens

[D]relievefreshmenofpressures

33.Theword“acclimation”(Line8,Para.3)isclosestinmeaning

to.

[A]adaptation

[B]application

[C]motivation

[D]competition

34.Agapyearmaysavemoneyforstudentsbyhelpingthem.

[A]avoidacademicfailures

establishlong-termgoals

[C]switchtoanothercollege

[D]decideontherightmajor

35.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe.

[A]InFavoroftheGapYear

[B]TheABCsoftheGapYear

[C]TheGapYearComesBack

[D]TheGapYear:ADilemma

Text4

Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowing

frequencyofwildfiresisanationalconcernbecauseofitsimpacton

federaltaxdollars,saysProfessorMaxMoritz,aspecialistinfire

ecologyandmanagement.

In2023,theUSForestServiceforthefirsttimespentmorethanhalf

ofits$5.5billionannualbudgetfightingfires-nearlydoublethe

percentageitspentonsuchefforts20yearsago.Ineffect,fewerfederal

fundstodayaregoingtowardstheagency'sotherwork-suchasforest

conservation,watershedandculturalresourcesmanagement,and

infrastructureupkeep—thataffectthelivesofallAmericans.

Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromother

agenciesaregoingintoconstructioninfire-pronedistricts.AsMoritz

putsit,howoftenarefederaldollarsbuildinghomesthatarelikelyto

belosttoawildfire?

"It'salreadyahugeproblemfromapublicexpenditureperspective

forthewholecountry,"hesays."Weneedtotakeamagnifyingglass

tothat.Like,“Waitaminute,isthisOK?”"Dowewantinsteadto

redirectthosefundstoconcentrateonlower-hazardpartsofthe

landscape?"

SuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayUSsociety

todayviewsfire,researcherssay.

Foronething,conversationsaboutwiIdfiresneedtobemoreinclusive.

Overthepastdecade,thefocushasbeenonclimatechange—howthewarming

oftheEarthfromgreenhousegasesisleadingtoconditionsthatworsen

fires.

Whileclimateisakeyelement,Moritzsays,itshouldn'tcomeat

theexpenseoftherestoftheequation.

“Thehumansystemsandthelandscapesweliveonarelinked,andthe

interactionsgobothways,“hesays.Failingtorecognizethat,henotes,

leadsto“anoverlysimplifiedviewofwhatthesolutionsmightbe.Our

perceptionoftheproblemandofwhatthesolutionisbecomesvery

limited."

Atthesametime,peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneeds

tobewhollycontrolledandunleashedonlyoutofnecessity,says

ProfessorBalchattheUniversityofColorado.Butacknowledgingfire's

inevitablepresenceinhumanlifeisanattitudecrucialtodeveloping

thelaws,policies,andpracticesthatmakeitassafeaspossible,she

says.

"We'vedisconnectedourselvesfromlivingwithfire,“Balchsays.

“Itisreallyimportanttounderstandandtryandteaseoutwhatisthe

humanconnectionwithfiretoday.”

36.MorefrequentwiIdfireshavebecomeanationalconcernbecausein2023

they.

[A]exhaustedunprecedentedmanagementefforts

[B]consumedarecord-highpercentageofbudget

[C]severelydamagedtheecologyofwesternstates

[D]causedahugeriseofinfrastructureexpenditure

37.Moritzcallsfortheuseof"amagnifyingglass"to.

[A]raisemorefundsforfire-proneareas

[B]avoidtheredirectionoffederalmoney

[C]findwiIdfire-freepartsofthelandscape

[D]guaranteesaferspendingofpublicfunds

38.Whileadmittingthatclimateisakeyelement,Moritznotes

that.

[A]publicdebateshavenotsettledyet

[B]fire-fightingconditionsareimproving

[C]otherfactorsshouldnotbeoverlooked

[D]ashiftintheviewoffirehastakenplace

39.TheoverlysimplifiedviewMoritzmentionsisaresultoffailing

to.

[A]discoverthefundamentalmakeupofnature

[B]explorethemechanismofthehumansystems

[C]maximizetheroleoflandscapeinhumanlife

[D]understandtheinterrelationsofmanandnature

40.ProfessorBalchpointsoutthatfireissomethingmanshould.

[A]doawaywith

[B]cometotermswith

[C]payapricefor

[D]keepawayfrom

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleft

columntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Thereare

twoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWER

SHEET.(10points)

ThedeclineinAmericanmanufacturingisacommonrefrain,

particularlyfromDonaldTrump."Wedon'tmakeanythinganymore,"he

toldFoxNews,whiledefendinghisownmade-in-Mexicoclothing1ine.

Withoutquestion,manufacturinghastakenasignificanthitduring

recentdecades,andfurthertradedealsraisequestionsaboutwhethernew

shockscouldhitmanufacturing.

Butthereisalsoadifferentwaytolookatthedata.

Acrossthecountry,factoryownersarenowgrapplingwithanew

challenge:insteadofhavingtoomanyworkers,theymayendupwithtoo

few.Despitetradecompetitionandoutsourcing,Americanmanufacturing

stillneedstoreplacetensofthousandsofretiringboomerseveryyears.

Millennialsmaynotbethatinterestedintakingtheirplace,other

industriesarerecruitingthemwithsimilarorbetterpay.

Forfactoryowners,italladdsuptostiffcompetitionfor

workers—andupwardpressureonwages."They'rehardertofindandthey

havejoboffers,vsaysJayDunwell,presidentofWolverineCoilSpring,

afamily-ownedfirm,“Theymaybecoming[intotheworkforce],but

they'vebeenpluckedbyotherindustriesthatarealsodoinganwellas

manufacturing,"Mr.Dunwellhasbegunbringinghighschooljuniorsto

thefactorysotheycangetexposedtoitsculture.

AtRoManManufacturing,amakerofelectricaltransformersand

weldingequipmentthathisfathercofoundedin1980,RobertRothkeepa

closeeyeontheageofhisnearly200workers,fiveareretiringthis

year.Mr.Rothhasthreecommunity-co11egestudentsenrolledina

work-placementprogram,withastartingwageof$13anhourthatrises

to$17aftertwoyears.

Ataworktableinsidethetransformerplant,youngJasonStenquist

looksflusteredbythecoppercoilshe'stryingtoassembleandthe

arrivaloftwovisitors.It'shisfirstweekonthejob.Askedabouthis

choiceofcareer,hesaysathighschoolheconsideredmedicalschool

beforeswitchingtoelectricalengineering."Iloveworkingwithtools.

Ilovecreating.hesays.

Buttowinovertheseyoungworkers,manufacturershavetoclear

anothermajorhurdle:parents,wholivedthroughtheworstUSeconomic

downturnsincetheGreatDepression,tellingthemtoavoidthefactory.

Millennialsl,remembertheirfatherandmotherbothwerelaidoff.They

blameitonthemanufacturingrecession,"saysBirgitKlohs,chief

executiveofTheRightPlace,abusinessdevelopmentagencyforwestern

Michigan.

Theseconcernsaren'tmisplaced:Employmentinmanufacturinghas

fallenfrom17millionin1970to12millionin2023.Whentherecovery

began,workershortagesfirstappearedinthehigh-skilledtrades.Now

shortagesareappearingatthemid-skilllevels.

“Thegapisbetweenthejobsthattaketoskillsandthosethat

requirealotofskill,"saysRobSpohr,abusinessprofessoratMontcalm

CommunityCollege."There'reenoughpeopletofi11thejobsatMcDonalds

andotherplaceswhereyoudon'tneedtohavemuchskill.It'sthatgap

inbetween,andthat'swheretheproblemis.”

JulieParksofGrandRapidsCommunitypointstoanotherkeytoluring

Millennialsintomanufacturing:awork/lifebalance.Whiletheirparents

werecontenttoworklonghours,youngpeoplevalueflexibility.

*'Overtimeisnotattractivetothisgeneration.The