2025高中英語《增分測評卷》選擇性必修1-增分測評卷-單元達標檢測含答案

2025高中英語《增分測評卷》選擇性必修1-增分測評卷—單元達標檢測UNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT全卷滿分150分考試用時120分鐘第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.WhathasledAmytosuccess?A.Herintelligence.B.Hereffort.C.Herluck.2.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofJulia'steacher?A.Gentle.B.Strict.C.Patient.3.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atagasstation.B.Inapostoffice.C.Atagrocerystore.4.Whyisthemanhappy?A.Hegotagoodevaluation.B.Hereceivedanawardforhiswork.C.Helearnedsomeinterpersonalskills.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Anathlete.B.Aprize.C.Asportingevent.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Parentandchild.C.Bossandemployee.7.Whatdoesthewomanpromisetodo?A.Takecareofherhomeaffairs.B.Handinher7thpaperasquicklyaspossible.C.Turninhernextpaperonschedule.聽第7段材料,回答第8至10題。8.Whatwillthewomanprobablydoontheweekend?A.Buyclothes.B.Watchmovies.C.Dohomework.9.Howwillthemangettothecinema?A.Bycar.B.Bybus.C.Bybike.10.Whatkindofmoviewillthespeakersprobablysee?A.Anactionmovie.B.Afantasymovie.C.Ahistoricalmovie.聽第8段材料,回答第11至13題。11.WhatwillTonydoafterlunch?A.Meetafriend.B.Dosomeshopping.C.Watchafootballgame.12.Whatisbannedinthecitycenternow?A.Drivingcars.B.Parkingoutside.C.Eatingonthestreet.13.WhatdoesTonythinkofthenewrules?A.Theymakelifedifficult.B.Theyhappenedtoosoon.C.Theyareanimprovement.聽第9段材料,回答第14至17題。14.Whydidthewomantryaflyingexperienceday?A.Herfriendpersuadedher.B.Shedecidedtobecomeapilot.C.Sheexpectedtoseeherhousefromthesky.15.Whatdidthewoman'sinstructordoduringtheflight?A.Shesaidlittle.B.Shetoldjokes.C.Shekeptlaughing.16.Whatdidthewomansayabouttheflight?A.Itmadeherverytired.B.Itseemedtolastlong.C.Itwasworsethanexpected.17.Whichexperiencedaywouldthewomanliketotrymost?A.Sportscardriving.B.Deep-seafishing.C.Horseriding.聽第10段材料,回答第18至20題。18.WhoisEdward?A.Acaptain.B.Amanbuiltbyascientist.C.Achildren'sstorycharacter.19.Accordingtothespeaker,whichwasoneofDepp'smostpopularroles?A.JackSparrow.B.TheMadHatter.C.EdwardScissorhands.20.WhydoesthespeakerthinkDeppissuccessful?A.He'sbuilthisownisland.B.He'swonanAcademyAward.C.He'searnedafortuneasanactor.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AItisthattimeoftheyear,whenahandfuloftheworld'sleadingscholars,socialactivistsandresearchersarerewardedwithwhatisoftencitedasthemostprestigiousacknowledgementofhumanefforts—theNobelPrize.Here'salookatwhohaswontheprizeandforwhat.PhysiologyorMedicineSwedishgeneticistSvanteP??bowonthefirstNobelPrizeoftheyear,forstartingthefieldofancientDNAstudies.Heiswell-knownforextracting,sequencing,andanalyzingancientDNAfromNeanderthalbones.PhysicsAlainAspect,JohnF.ClauserandAntonZeilinger'sworkinquantum(量子)technologylandedthemthesecondNobelPrizeannouncedin2022.AlthoughAspectisfromFrance,ClauserfromtheU.S.,andZeilingerfromAustria,thethreeseparatelyperformed“groundbreakingexperiments”asoneteam.“Theirresultshaveclearedthewayfornewtechnology,”thecommitteestated.ChemistryTheNobelPrizeinChemistrywenttoanothertrio(三人組),CarolynR.BertozzifromtheU.S.,MortenMeldalfromDenmarkandK.BarrySharplessfromtheU.S.“forthedevelopmentofclickchemistryandbioorthogonalchemistry,”thecommitteestated.Dr.Bertozziistheeighthwomanchemisttobeawardedtheprize,whileDr.SharplessisthefifthscientisttobeawardedtwoNobelPrizes.EconomicSciencesTheNobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicScienceswasawardedtothreeAmericaneconomists,BenS.Bernanke,DouglasW.DiamondandPhilipH.Dybvig“forresearchonbanksandfinancialcrises,”theNobelPrizecommitteeannouncedonMonday.BystudyingthehistoryofAmericaneconomics,particularlytheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,theyimprovedhowweunderstandtheroleofbanksduringtimesofhardshipandthebank'simpactonsocietalfunctions.21.Whatprizeisrelatedtotheresearchonbones?A.PhysiologyorMedicine.B.Chemistry.C.Physics.D.EconomicSciences.22.ForwhatstudydidBenS.Bernanke,DouglasW.DiamondandPhilipH.Dybvigwintheprize?A.Aboutsocietalfunctions.B.AboutthehistoryofAmerica.C.Aboutbanksandfinancialcrises.D.AbouttheGreatDepressionofthe1930s.23.Whatdotheprizesinphysics,chemistryandeconomicscienceshaveincommon?A.Theirwinnersarefromdifferentcountries.B.Theyhavethreewinners.C.Theyimprovenewtechnology.D.Theyhelppeopleunderstandhardship.BJohnvonNeumannwastheoldestofthethreechildrenofabanker,andhisspeedoflearningnewideasandsolvingproblemsstoodoutearly.At17,hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemightleadapoorlifebeingamathematician,sovonNeumannagreedtostudychemistryaswell.In1926,at23,hereceivedadegreeinChemicalEngineeringandaPhDinmathematics.Fromthenon,mathematicsprovidedwellenoughforhim,andheneverhadtoturntochemistry.In1930,vonNeumannvisitedPrincetonUniversityforayearandthenbecameaprofessorthere.Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.In1930,theInstituteforAdvancedStudywasformed,andin1933hebecameoneofthesixfull-timepeopleintheSchoolofMathematics(Einsteinwasoneoftheothers).WorldWarⅡ(1931-1945)hugelychangedvonNeumann'sareasofinterest.Until1940hehadbeenagreatpuremathematician.After1940,hebecameoneofthebestmathematicianswhoputmathematicaltheoriesintopractice.Duringthelastpartofthewarhebecameinterestedincomputingmachinesandmadeseveralfundamentalcontributions.Afterthewar,vonNeumanncontinuedhisworkwithcomputers,andwasgenerallyveryactiveingovernmentservice.Hereceivedmanyawards,waspresidentoftheAmericanMathematicalSocietyandwasamemberoftheAtomicEnergyCommission.Hediedofcancerin1957.VonNeumannmadeseveralgreatcontributionsandanyoneofthemwouldhavebeenenoughtoearnhimafirmplaceinhistory.Hewillberememberedasoneofthegreatestmindsofthe20thcentury.VonNeumannreallywasalegendinhisowntime,andthereareanumberofstoriesabouthim.Hisdrivingabilityisapartofhislegend.Hereportedoneaccidentthisway:“Iwasdrivingdowntheroad.Thetreesontherightwerepassingmeinanorderlyfashionat60milesperhour.Suddenlyoneofthemsteppedinmypath.”24.WhydidJohnvonNeumannalsolearnchemistry?A.Hisfatherdidn'ttrusthistalentformathematics.B.Hebelievedhecouldliveawealthylifelearningchemistry.C.Hisfatherworriedabouthisincomeasamathematician.D.Hehadthegiftforsolvingproblemsatahighspeed.25.HowoldwasJohnvonNeumannwhenhepublishedhisfirstbook?A.25.B.26.C.29.D.32.26.HowdidWorldWarⅡaffectJohnvonNeumann?A.Herealizedtheimportanceofengineering.B.Hebegantoresearchhowtoputmathematicsintopractice.C.Heleftcollegeandservedatthegovernmentdepartment.D.Hewasnolongerinterestedinchemistry.27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJohnvonNeumann?A.Intelligentandhumorous.B.Smartbutindecisive.C.Braveandcalm.D.Kindandeasy-going.CTheTanzanianwriterAbdulrazakGurnah,whoseexperienceofcrossingcontinentsandculturesplaysavitalroleinhisnovelsabouttheimpactofmigration(移居)onindividualsandsocieties,wonthe2021NobelPrizeinLiterature.Bornin1948ontheislandofZanzibar,AbdulrazakGurnahneverconsideredthepossibilitythathemightonedaybeawriter.“Itneveroccurredtome,”hesaidinaninterview.“Itwasn'tsomethingyoucouldsayasyouweregrowingup.”Heassumedhewouldbecome“someonelikeanengineer”.In1964,aviolentuprising(暴動)forcedGurnahtofleetoEngland.Unhappy,poorandhomesick,hebegantowritedownthoughtsinhisdiaryandthenstoriesaboutotherpeople.Thosewritingsaswellasthehabitofwritinggaverisetohisfirstnovel,thenninemore.Inalmostallofhisworks,Gurnahhastriedtouncoverthewayinwhichcolonialism(殖民政策)haschangedeverythingintheworld,andpeoplewhoarelivingthroughitarestillprocessingthatexperienceandsomeofitswounds.“Thethingthatmotivatedthewholeexperienceofwritingformewasthisideaoflosingmyplaceintheworld,”hesaid.AndersOlsson,chairmanoftheNobelCommitteeforLiterature,calledhimoneoftheworld'smostextraordinarypost-colonialwriters.HesaiditwascrucialthatGurnah'srootsareinZanzibar,aplacethathadpeoplefromdifferentcountries,andwasinfluencedbytheircultureslongbeforeglobalization.ItisofgreatsignificanceforAfrica-bornGurnahtobeawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature,whichhasbeenoccupiedbyEuropeanandNorthAmericanwriterssinceitwasfoundedin1901.28.WhatdowelearnaboutAbdulrazakGurnahfromParagraph2?A.Heaimedtobeawriterwhileyoung.B.Hishabitofwritingcontributedtohiscareer.C.HefledawaytoEnglandforpoliticalreasons.D.Hisearlierstoriesweremainlyabouthomesickness.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“motivated”meaninParagraph3?A.Inspired.B.Persuaded.C.Combined.D.Forecast.30.WhatisthereasonforGurnah'swinningtheNobelPrize?A.HeisaTanzanianwriter.B.Hesufferstoomuchallhislife.C.Hisrichexperienceandculturalbackgroundcount.D.Hisnovelsinvolvecolonialismandthepoorlifeofpeople.31.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AWorldwideNovelistRootedinTanzaniaB.TheDreamofBecomingaPost-colonialWriterC.AbdulrazakGurnahWontheNobelPrizeinLiteratureD.TheInfluenceofMigrationonIndividualsandSocietiesDKenyahasbeenattheforefrontoftheglobalwaronplasticsince2017,whenofficialsoutlawedplasticbags.In2020,thegovernmentraisedthedemandwithabanonsingle-useplastic.Unfortunately,tonsofindustrialandconsumerplasticwastescontinuetogetpouredintolandfillsdaily.However,if29-year-oldNzambiMateehasherway,theunsightlyplasticgarbagemountainwillsoonbetransformedintocolorfulbricks.Thematerialengineer'ssearchforaneffectivesolutiontocontrollingplasticpollutionbeganin2017,whenshesetupasmalllabinherbackyard.Ittookherninemonthstoproducethefirstbrickandevenlongertoconvinceapartnertohelpbuildthemachinerytomakebricks.Shesays,“Iwantedtousemyeducationinappliedphysicsandmaterialengineeringtodosomethingaboutplasticwastepollution.ButIknewthesolutionhadtobepractical,sustainableandaffordable.Thebestwaytodothiswasbychannelingthewasteintotheconstructionspaceandfindingthemostefficientandaffordablematerialtobuildhomes.”Hercompany,GjengeMakers,nowhires112peopleandproducesover1,500bricksaday,whicharemadeusingamixofplasticproductsthatcan'tbereprocessedorrecycled.Thecollectedplasticisobtaineddirectlyfromfactoriesorpickedbyhiredlocalsfromlandfillsandmixedwithsand,heatedatveryhightemperatures,andcompressed(壓縮)intobricksthatvaryincolorandthickness.Theresultingproductisstronger,lighter,andabout30percentcheaperthantraditionalconcrete(混凝土的)bricks.Mostimportantly,ithelpsrepurposethelowestqualityofplastic.MateeisrecognizedasoneoftheYoungChampionsoftheEarth2020—theUnitedNations'highestenvironmentalhonor.Herdreamistoreducerubbishbyincreasingproductionandexpandingherofferings,whichisfarfromdone.Shesays,“Themoreplasticwerecycle,themoreaffordablehousingweproduce...themoreemploymentwecreatefortheyouth.”32.WhichwordbestdescribestheKenyangovernment'smeasuresagainstplastic?A.Temporary.B.Effective.C.Fruitless.D.Unreliable.33.WhatdoweknowaboutMatee?A.Sheturnsknowledgeintoactualproducts.B.Hercompanyisfundedbythegovernment.C.Sheproducesbrick-makingmachinerybyherself.D.Herbricksaremadefromrecyclableplasticwastes.34.What'sthegreateststrengthofMatee'sresultingproduct?A.Itslowcosts.B.Itswiderangeofuse.C.Itseconomicbenefit.D.Itsenvironmentalvalue.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A.Matee'sachievement.B.Matee'sgreaterambition.C.MultiplechallengesMateefaces.D.Innovativesolutionstoplasticwastes.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Regardlessofhowoldyouare,whereyoulive,orwhatyourcareergoalsare,yourfinalobjectivesinlifearelikelytobehappyandsuccessful.36.Itmeansfollowingyourpassions,livingpurposefully,andenjoyingthepresentmoment.Thefollowingmayhelpyou.

Livepurposefully.Inordertoachieveyourdreamsandbethepersonyouwanttobe,youwillhavetostartpayingattentiontoyouractions.Askyourself,“IswhatI'mdoinggoingtoleadmetowhereIwanttobeinlife?”Youmayfindyourselfconstantlyboredinyourfreetime,daydreamingaboutthefutureorpastorcountingdownuntilthedayends.37.

Identifyyourpassions.Beforeyoucanachievesuccess,youwillhavetodefinewhatsuccessmeanstoyou.38.Identifyingyourpassions,interests,andvalueswillhelpyousetgoalsandgiveyourlifeasenseofmeaning.Ifyouhavetroubleidentifyingthesethings,thenaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpyou.

39.Besuretoaddressbothshort-termandlong-termgoals.Youshouldtrytothinkbeyondfinancialandcareergoals,suchasrelationshipgoals,personalgoalsforbetteringyourself,thingsyouwouldliketoexperience,orthingsyouwanttolearn.Andthen,drawupatimelinethatsayswhenyouwanttoachieveeachpart.

Sticktoyourpromises.Planningisnotsufficientanditisalsovitaltokeepyourword.Ifyoutellsomeoneyouwilldosomething,doit.Similarly,don'ttellsomeoneyouwilldosomethingifyou'renotsureyoucan.40.Don'tpromiseanyonewhatyoucan'tdo.

A.YoushouldbehonestaboutyourlimitsB.Trytosetsomelong-termgoalsandreachthemC.TherearesometipsthatcanhelpyouachieveyourgoalsD.ItmaytakeseveralyearstorealizewhatyourpassionsareE.TrytospendyourfreetimedoingthingsthatyouenjoydoingF.MakealistofyourgoalsandwhatyoumightdotoachievethemG.Tobesuccessfulmeansmorethanjusthavingmoneyandmakingyourmark36.37.38.39.40.

第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。FarmingandGardeningAgriculturehasalonghistoryinChina.Muchofthewisdom41byearlyChinesescientistsisstillusefultofarmersandgardenerstoday.OneofChina'searlyagriculturalscientistswasJiaSixie,wholivedinthesixthcenturyAD.Hespenthistimedoing42intoagriculture.Hecollectedinformation,didexperimentsandlearntfromthe43offarmers.

Around540AD,hewroteabookcalledQiminYaoshu.Thebookisaboutbothfarmingand44.Itincludesadviceonthefollowing45:growinggreenvegetablesandfruittrees,andkeepinganimals.JiaSixie'sbookisapracticalguidetofarming.Firstly,asafarmeryoushoulddothingsattherighttimeofyear.Ifyousowseedsand46youngplantsinthefieldsatthecorrecttimeofyear,yourworkwillbelessandthe47willbebetter.The48ofthesoilisalsoveryimportant.Examinethesoilonyourfarm49.Iftheconditionofyoursoilisnotgood,youshouldimproveit.Beforesowingorplantingcrops,youmustcleanroughgroundand50weeds.Thebestharvestisreachedwhenfarmers51thecropsintheirfields.Forexample,donotplantwheat52inthesamefield.Butifyouplantsoyainafieldoneyearandwheatinthefieldthenextyear,youwill53goodcrops.Otherscientistssaidthatwheatshouldbeplantedwith54betweentheplants,butJiadidexperimentsand55thatplantingwheatclosetogetherwasbetter.

41.A.discoveredB.recoveredC.reportedD.repeated42.A.searchB.researchC.experimentD.statistics43.A.adventuresB.advantagesC.traditionD.experience44.A.nursingB.gardeningC.produceD.trade45.A.programsB.objectivesC.subjectsD.events46.A.dropB.increaseC.growD.throw47.A.dreamsB.endingsC.hopesD.results48.A.applicationB.situationC.conditionD.addition49.A.successfullyB.carefullyC.graduallyD.frequently50.A.removeB.disturbC.increaseD.reduce51.A.keepB.improveC.manageD.change52.A.oneafteranotherB.hereandthereC.nowandthenD.yearafteryear53.A.benefitB.collectC.harvestD.export54.A.holesB.linesC.spaceD.balance55.A.provedB.meantC.intendedD.decided第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。WhentheactionmovieWolfWarriorsⅡbrokeChina'sbox-officerecordsin2017,alessprominent(突出的)figureunexpectedlyleftastrong56(impress)ontheaudience—amilitaryscientist57(call)Dr.Chenwhodevelopedavaccine(疫苗)againstadeadlyvirusspreadingacrossAfrica.

In2015,arealmilitaryscientist,Dr.ChenWei,58(send)fromChinatoAfricatofightagainstthedeadlyEbolavirus.Theonlydifferencebetweenthetwofiguresis59therealDr.Chenisashe.

WhenSARSbrokeoutinChinain2003,Dr.Chenandherteamisolatedthevirusandidentifiedthecauseofthediseasewithoutdelay.60(luck),theeffortsdevotedbythempreventedabout14,000front-linemedicalworkersfromgettinginfected.

AfterSARS,theforward-lookingwomanshiftedherattentiontoEbola61claimedover10,000livesworldwide.In2015,sheandherteamwenttoSierraLeoneandstartedtheirsecondphaseofclinicalexperiments.Throughtrialanderror,hervaccinehasprovensafeand62(effect),andbeenwidelyadministered(給予)tostaffassignedtohelppeopleinAfrica.

Dr.Chenhasspentmuchofhertime63(fight)againstlife-threateningviruses.“Wehavenochoicebut64(win),”shesaid.Andshemade65.

56.57.58.59.60.

61.62.63.64.65.

第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)假定你是中學生李華,你校正在舉辦以“我最喜愛的農(nóng)業(yè)科學家”為主題的征文活動,請你根據(jù)下面要點提示,描述你所喜歡的農(nóng)業(yè)科學家,內(nèi)容包括:1.誰是你最喜歡的農(nóng)業(yè)科學家;2.這位科學家對人類所做的貢獻;3.你的感想或希望。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右;2.開頭已給出,不計入總詞數(shù)。MyFavouriteAgriculturalScientistOfsomanyfamousscientistsallovertheworld,Iadmire

第二節(jié)(滿分25分)閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。PoorJacklosthissightattheageofsixafteracaraccident.Hewascorneredinhisdarkworld.Analreadyterriblelifelookedcompletelyhopeless.Hismothertriedtoencouragehim,butnothingshesaidcouldhelphimatall.LaterJackdidnothingbutlieinbed,sighingallday.Hismotherfeltmiserable,tellinghimtolivewithhisdisability,workhardandchangehislifeonhisown.Shesaid,“Son,sinceyouhavelostyoursightandnothingcanchangethat,youhavetoacceptit.Therearethingsyoucan'tdo.Buttherearelotsofthingsyoucando.Youhaveacreativemind.Findsomethingyouenjoyandstickwithit,nomatterwhat.”Thefuturedidn'tseemtoobrightforablindchildfromthecountryside.Butasthisyoungboythoughtabouthismother'swords,aboutwhathereallywantedtodowithhislife,hedreamedofbecomingastar.Soasachild,hewouldpracticeplayingthepianoandsingingeachdayfromthenon.Onceoneofhisclassmatesheardhimpracticingatschoolandtoldhim,“Youcan'tplaythepiano,andyoucan'tsingeither.Thesethingsaremeaninglessforyou.Youaredoomedtobealoser.”注意:續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個左右。Thatclassmate'scommentwaslikeasharpknife,cuttingJack'sheartintopieces.

Inhislife,hereceivedcountlessawardsforhismusic.

答案與分層梯度式解析UNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT1.B2.B3.A4.A5.A6.A7.C8.C9.B10.B11.C12.A13.C14.C15.B16.B17.A18.B19.A20.C21.A22.C23.B24.C25.C26.B27.A28.B29.A30.D31.C32.C33.A34.D35.B36.G37.E38.D39.F40.A41.A42.B43.D44.B45.C46.C47.D48.C49.B50.A51.D52.D53.C54.C55.A56.impression57.called58.wassent59.that60.Luckily61.which/that62.effective63.fighting64.towin65.it第二部分閱讀第一節(jié)A◎語篇解讀這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四項諾貝爾獎的獲得情況。21.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Heiswell-knownforextracting,sequencing,andanalyzingancientDNAfromNeanderthalbones.”可知,諾貝爾生理學或醫(yī)學獎與骨骼研究有關(guān)。故選A。22.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知,BenS.Bernanke,DouglasW.Diamond和PhilipH.Dybvig憑著關(guān)于銀行和金融危機的研究獲獎。故選C。23.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“thethreeseparatelyperformed‘groundbreakingexperiments’asoneteam”、第四段中的“TheNobelPrizeinChemistrywenttoanothertrio(三人組)”以及最后一段中的“TheNobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicScienceswasawardedtothreeAmericaneconomists”可知,這三個獎項的共同之處是有三個獲獎?wù)?。故選B。B◎語篇解讀文章講述了著名數(shù)學家、計算機科學家、物理學家和化學家約翰·馮·諾依曼的生平經(jīng)歷和取得的重大成就。24.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemightleadapoorlifebeingamathematician”可知,因為他父親擔心他作為數(shù)學家的收入,所以馮·諾依曼也學習了化學。故選C項。25.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“In1926,at23,hereceivedadegreeinChemicalEngineeringandaPhDinmathematics.”和第二段中的“Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.”可知,馮·諾依曼1926年時是23歲,他出版第一本書的時候是1932年,所以那時他29歲。故選C項。26.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“WorldWarⅡ(1931-1945)hugelychangedvonNeumann'sareasofinterest.”和“After1940...intopractice.”可知,第二次世界大戰(zhàn)讓馮·諾依曼開始研究如何把數(shù)學應(yīng)用于實踐。故選B項。27.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Hewillberememberedasoneofthegreatestmindsofthe20thcentury.”可知,他非常聰明。最后一段他在描述一次車禍時,將自己與樹木之間的動與靜的狀態(tài)顛倒,讓人忍俊不禁,由此可知他很幽默。故選A項。C◎語篇解讀文章主要介紹了AbdulrazakGurnah成為作家的經(jīng)歷和獲諾貝爾文學獎的原因。28.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的倒數(shù)第一、二句可知,他開始在日記中寫下自己的想法,然后寫下別人的故事。那些作品以及寫作的習慣促成了他的第一部小說,隨后又有了九部。由此可推知,是他的寫作習慣促成了他的事業(yè)。故選B。29.A詞義猜測題。失去他在這個世界上的位置的想法是他寫作的動力。畫線詞表示“激勵”,與inspired為同義表達。故選A。30.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知,AbdulrazakGurnah獲得了2021年諾貝爾文學獎,其中他的跨大陸和跨文化的經(jīng)歷在他的小說中發(fā)揮了至關(guān)重要的作用。此外,在倒數(shù)第二段中,諾貝爾文學獎委員會主席AndersOlsson稱AbdulrazakGurnah是世界上最杰出的后殖民時代作家之一。他說,至關(guān)重要的是Gurnah的根在桑給巴爾島,那里有來自不同國家的人,在全球化之前很久就受到了不同國家文化的影響?？芍?Gurnah之所以能獲得諾貝爾文學獎,主要是因為他有豐富的跨大陸和跨文化經(jīng)歷,受殖民主義的影響,見到了很多不同文化的人,受到了不同文化的影響,所以寫的書也反映了這些東西。由此可推知,他之所以能獲諾貝爾文學獎,是因為寫的小說涉及了殖民主義和不同人的貧困生活。故選D。31.C主旨大意題。第一段就提到了AbdulrazakGurnah獲得諾貝爾文學獎的事,下文也主要介紹了他成為作家的經(jīng)歷,倒數(shù)第二段諾貝爾文學獎委員會主席又對他進行了評價。由此可知C項適合作為文章標題。D◎語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了材料工程師NzambiMatee創(chuàng)造性地將難以回收處理的塑料垃圾轉(zhuǎn)化成建筑用磚的情況。32.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Kenyahasbeen...single-useplastic.Unfortunately,tonsof...plasticwastescontinuetogetpouredintolandfillsdaily.”可知,肯尼亞政府雖然采取了一系列措施來應(yīng)對塑料垃圾,但每天仍然有大量的塑料垃圾進入垃圾場。由此可知,肯尼亞政府應(yīng)對塑料垃圾的措施是沒有成效的。故選C。33.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知Matee成立了實驗室,將塑料垃圾轉(zhuǎn)化成了建筑用磚;根據(jù)第三段中的“Iwantedtousemyeducationinappliedphysicsandmaterialengineeringtodosomethingaboutplasticwastepollution.”可知,Matee這樣做是想把學到的知識運用到實際生活中,從而減少塑料污染。由此可知Matee把知識轉(zhuǎn)化成了實際產(chǎn)品。故選A。34.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“Theresultingproduct...thelowestqualityofplastic.”可知,Matee研制的磚非常環(huán)保,這是其最大的優(yōu)點。故選D。35.B主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“Herdreamistoreducerubbishbyincreasingproductionandexpandingherofferings,whichisfarfromdone.”和“Themoreplasticwerecycle...fortheyouth.”可知,她的目標遠不止于此,她希望能做更多來更大程度地減少塑料垃圾,由此可知本段在講述Matee的更大的目標。故選B。第二節(jié)◎語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章就怎樣讓生活幸福和成功給了一些建議。36.G細節(jié)句。設(shè)空處上一句提到“無論你多大年紀,住在哪里,或者你的職業(yè)目標是什么,你的人生最終目標都可能是幸福和成功”,設(shè)空處下一句提到“它意味著追隨你熱愛的東西、有意義地生活以及享受當下”,G項(成功不僅僅意味著有錢和成名)與上文所述話題一致,且下文與此處在意思上是順承的。下一句中的It指的就是G項中的Tobesuccessful。故選G項。37.E細節(jié)句。本段主旨句提到“有意義地生活”,設(shè)空處上一句提到“你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在空閑時間里總是感到無聊,幻想著未來或過去,或者倒計時直到一天結(jié)束”,E項(試著把你的空閑時間花在做你喜歡做的事情上)符合本段主旨,且E項中的doingthingsthatyouenjoydoing與上一句中的findyourselfconstantlyboredinyourfreetime對應(yīng)。故選E項。38.D細節(jié)句。本段主旨句提到“發(fā)現(xiàn)你熱愛的東西”,D項(意識到你熱愛的東西是什么可能需要幾年時間)符合本段主旨,且下文談到了發(fā)現(xiàn)你熱愛的東西會有什么好處以及在發(fā)現(xiàn)這些東西時遇到困難可以做什么,故D項符合語境。39.F主旨句。由后文可知,本段主要在講制訂目標,F項(列出你的目標以及你可以做些什么來實現(xiàn)它們)符合語境。40.A細節(jié)句。設(shè)空處上一句提到“同樣,如果你不確定自己能做什么,不要告訴別人你會做什么”,設(shè)空處后一句提到“不要向任何人承諾你不能做的事”,A項(你應(yīng)該誠實地面對自己的極限)符合上下文語境。故選A項。第三部分語言運用第一節(jié)◎語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了我國古代科學家賈思勰對農(nóng)業(yè)的研究和貢獻,他的著作《齊民要術(shù)》對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)起到了重要的指導作用。41.Adiscover發(fā)現(xiàn);recover恢復;report報道;repeat重復。根據(jù)語境可知,此處指被發(fā)現(xiàn)的智慧。故選A。42.Bsearch搜索;research研究;experiment實驗;statistics統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)后文的“Hecollectedinformation,didexperimentsandlearntfromthe43offarmers.”可知此句是在解釋說明第42空所填詞的內(nèi)容,結(jié)合選項可知research符合語境,doresearchintoagriculture意為“做農(nóng)業(yè)研究”,與后文的內(nèi)容對應(yīng)。故選B。

43.Dadventure冒險;advantage優(yōu)勢;tradition傳統(tǒng);experience經(jīng)驗。結(jié)合選項可知experience符合語境,learnfromtheexperienceoffarmers意為“從農(nóng)民們的(耕作)經(jīng)驗中吸取教訓”。故選D。44.B由本文的標題可知,此處指這本書既有關(guān)農(nóng)業(yè),也有關(guān)園藝。nursing護理;gardening園藝;produce農(nóng)產(chǎn)品;trade貿(mào)易。故選B。45.C該空下文介紹了這本書涉及的一些具體的主題,如種綠色的蔬菜、種果樹、養(yǎng)動物。program項目;objective目標,目的;subject主題;event事件。故選C。46.C由空前的“sowseeds”可知此處指種植幼苗。drop使落下;increase增加;grow種植;throw扔掉。故選C。47.D由設(shè)空處所在句可知如果在一年中合適的時間播種和種幼苗就會有好收成,也就是結(jié)果會更好。dream夢想;ending結(jié)尾,結(jié)局;hope希望;result結(jié)果。故選D。48.C根據(jù)第49空后的“Iftheconditionofyoursoilisnotgood,youshouldimproveit.”可知此處說的是土壤的狀況,condition屬于原詞復現(xiàn)。故選C。situation表示“形勢”,與soil不搭配;其他選項application(應(yīng)用)、addition(添加物)與語境不符。49.B前句指出土壤狀況也很重要,本句則說要仔細地檢查土壤。successfully成功地;carefully仔細地;gradually逐漸地;frequently頻繁地。故選B。50.A根據(jù)常識可知,種莊稼之前需要平整土地和除草。removeweeds意為“清除雜草”。remove去除;disturb打擾;increase增加;reduce減少。故選A。51.D根據(jù)下句中的“donotplantwheat52inthesamefield”可知莊稼要輪換著種。keep保留;improve提升;manage經(jīng)營;change改換,轉(zhuǎn)換。故選D。

52.D由下文“Butifyouplantsoyainafieldoneyearandwheatinthefieldthenextyear,youwill53goodcrops.”可知,此處指不要在同一塊地里年復一年地種同一種莊稼。oneafteranother一個接一個地;hereandthere到處;nowandthen時不時地;yearafteryear年復一年地。故選D。

53.C此處是說如果你在一塊地里這一年種大豆,下一年種小麥,你就會有一個好的收成。harvestgoodcrops意為“有好的收成”,符合語境。benefit使受益;collect收集;harvest收割;export出口。故選C。54.C由下文“butJiadid...plantingwheatclosetogetherwa