06選擇性必修三Unit4語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（原卷版）

06選擇性必修三Unit4語(yǔ)法：語(yǔ)法精講精練現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)：I.概念現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去。II.結(jié)構(gòu)1.肯定形式：have/has＋beendoing(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)PeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.從古希臘時(shí)代起，人們就開(kāi)始涌入體育場(chǎng)。2.否定形式：have/has＋not＋beendoingHehasn’tbeenusingthecarforthelasttwomonths.在過(guò)去的兩個(gè)月里他一直沒(méi)用這輛車。III.基本用法1.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到說(shuō)話之時(shí)，可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)下去。通常和“for＋時(shí)間段”或“since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)(或從句)”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。e.g.①Ithasbeensnowingforthreehours.雪已經(jīng)下了三個(gè)小時(shí)。(從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始下雪，強(qiáng)調(diào)到現(xiàn)在還在下)②Ithasbeenrainingfortwohours.雨已經(jīng)下了兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。(現(xiàn)在還在下)③Jackhasbeenfeelingverywellrecently.杰克最近身體一直很好。(這個(gè)狀態(tài)還要延續(xù))2.表示剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這種意義通常根據(jù)上下文來(lái)判斷。e.g.①—Sorry!I’mlate.Howlonghaveyoubeenwaitingforme?—Wehavebeenwaitingforyouforhalfanhour.——很抱歉，我遲到了。你們等了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？——我們已經(jīng)等了你半個(gè)小時(shí)了。②Tomhasbeenseeingaboutaworkpermitforyou.

湯姆一直在想辦法給你弄一個(gè)工作許可證。③Thetobaccoindustryhasbeentryingtoimproveitsimage.

煙草行業(yè)一直在試圖改善其形象。3.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)久或帶有感情色彩。e.g.①Shehasbeensayingthattwentytimes.這話她已經(jīng)說(shuō)了二十遍了。②Ihavebeenmeetinghimthesedays.這些天我總是遇見(jiàn)他。③Wehavebeenmakingsuchmistakes.我么一直犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤。4.表示這段時(shí)間反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情。e.g.①IhavebeenvisitingsomecitiesofChinathismonth.這個(gè)月我一直在游覽中國(guó)的一些城市。②Shehasbeenplayingtennissinceshewaseight.她從八歲起就打網(wǎng)球了。(經(jīng)常發(fā)生,并且還要持續(xù))③We’vebeenseeingquitealotofeachotherrecently.最近我們常常見(jiàn)面。IV.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)所用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)allday/month;

thismonth/week/year;thesedays;recently/lately;inthepastfew+

時(shí)間段;since+時(shí)間點(diǎn);for+

時(shí)間段，等等。如：e.g.①Theyhavebeenbuildingthebridgefortwomonth.

兩個(gè)月來(lái)他們一直在修橋。②

Carsaleshavebeenshrinkingrecently.

汽車銷量近來(lái)一直在下降。③ThetwopartieshavebeentryingtounitesincetheNewYear.

自從新年以來(lái)，雙方就一直在試圖聯(lián)手。V.不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的情況1.某些不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞同樣也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，如see,hear,know,have,like,be等。Hehasbeenhavingacoldfortwoweeks.(×)Hehashadacoldfortwoweeks.(√)2.不具有延續(xù)意義的動(dòng)詞，如finish,e,go,marry等，也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)?！炯磳W(xué)即練1】完成句子①She__________________________recently.她最近工作一直很努力。②Hereyesarered.It’sobviousthatshe__________________________foralongtime.她的眼睛紅紅的，顯然哭了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。③We__________________________sincewecamehere.自從到這里以后，我們一直住在旅館。④Yourclothesarecoveredwithdust.You__________________________,Ithink.你的衣服滿是灰塵，我想你一直在打掃教室吧。⑤Mysister__________________________since2016.自從2016年以來(lái)，我姐姐一直在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。V.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果√強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的延續(xù)性√強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)重復(fù)√表達(dá)生動(dòng)，含有感情色彩√說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)、一種影響或結(jié)果√1.兩者都表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)著重表示動(dòng)作的完成；而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)著重表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性。因此表示動(dòng)作的完成，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。e.g.Ihavereadthebook.我讀過(guò)了這本書(shū)。（動(dòng)作完成了，強(qiáng)調(diào)影響及結(jié)果）Ihavebeenreadingthebookfortwohours.這本書(shū)我已經(jīng)讀了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。（動(dòng)作不一定完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)延續(xù)性）2.有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞（如work,study,live,teach,stay等）在表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間時(shí)，用這兩種時(shí)態(tài)含義差不多（只是用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性）。e.g.Howlonghaveyouworked/beenworkinghere?你在這兒工作多久了？I’velived/beenlivingheresince1988.自1988年以來(lái)我就一直住在這兒。Wehavebeenseeingeachotherquitealotrecently.最近我們經(jīng)常見(jiàn)面。3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常只陳述事實(shí)，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可表示一種感情色彩。e.g.Ihavewaitedhereforherformorethantwohours.我在這里等了她兩個(gè)多小時(shí)。（陳述事實(shí)）Ihavebeenwaitinghereforherformorethantwohours.我在這里一直等了她兩個(gè)多小時(shí)。（等得好辛苦）Shehasalwaysbeenworkinglikethat.她一貫是那樣工作的。(贊許)4.不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞通常也不用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但它們可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如某些靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞know,marry,last等。e.g.I’veknownherfortwoyears.我認(rèn)識(shí)她兩年了。They’vebeenmarriedfortwentyyears.他們結(jié)婚已二十年了。Thewarhaslastedforalongtime.這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)持續(xù)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。但不能說(shuō)：Ihavebeenknowinghimfortwoyears.5.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，若要用可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)代替。e.g.Thehousehasbeenpaintedforamonth.這房子已漆了一個(gè)月。Theproblemhasbeenstudiedforfivedays.這個(gè)問(wèn)題已研究了五天。6.表示“重復(fù)”。既表示在一段持續(xù)的時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作多次的重復(fù)，而這個(gè)重復(fù)的動(dòng)作在說(shuō)話時(shí)并不一定正在進(jìn)行。區(qū)別：e.g.Hehasgonetothelibrary.他去圖書(shū)館了。Hehasbeengoingtothelibraryrecently.最近他總?cè)D書(shū)館。【即學(xué)即練2】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Althoughmanymeasures__________________________(take),theworld’seconomyisstillgoingdown.②Youshouldgotobed.You__________________________(watch)TVfor5hours.③They__________________________(plant)treessincethismorning.④Sorry,butMrSmith__________________________(leave)forBeijing.⑤Thelittleboyisdirtyfromheadtofootbecausehe__________________________(play)inthemudallthemorning.⑥Bythetimeherealiseshe__________________________(walk)intoatrap,it'llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.二、單句語(yǔ)法填空：1.Asisknowntousall,Thegovernment__________(dispose)oftheairpollutiontheseyears.2.TheBoysandGirlsClubwhichMichaelJordanstartedinChicago__________(help)youngpeoplesince1996.3.IgraduatedfromBeijingForeignStudiesUniversityin1998,andI__________(teach)Englishlecturesince.4.Itseemsthatwaterfromthistap__________(leak)forsometime.We’llhavetotakeitaparttoputitright.5.YuanLongping__________(struggle)forChinesefarmersoverthepastdecades.6.Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy__________(consider)goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.7.Thesescientists__________(work)attheprojectfornearlyfouryears,andIdon’tknowhowlongitwilllast.8.Sincelastmonth,George,alongwithsomeofhisformerclassmates,__________(desire)tohavea20yeargatheringduringthissummerholiday.9.Thelittlegirl’shandsareverydirty.She__________(play)withthemudallmorning.10.Astronomerssaythisisanaturalphenomenonthat__________(happen)foracentury.11.We__________(work)onitforseveralhoursbuthavenotyetreachedanyconclusion.12.You__________(write)thewholemorning.Youshouldstopandhaveabreak.13.“People__________(sit)thereandstandingthereandtakingpicturesofeachother,”Rosays.14.Iamsorryyou__________(wait)forsolong,butitwillstillbesometimebeforeJimgetsback.15.Tina__________(think)aboutfindinganewjobforawholeyear,butshehasn’tmadeherfinaldecisionyet.16.ThestudentswhoarepreparingfortheNationalEntranceExaminationforPostgraduate__________(wait)outsidethelibraryfortwohours.17.Thechildren__________(practise)dancinginthepastmonth,andhavemademuchprogressinit.18.Intwomonths,itwillbeThanksgiving.ChildrenallovertheUSA__________(look)forwardtothisdayforweeks.19.Thegreenhand__________(tackle)theproblemfortwoweeks,onlytorealizethathehasappliedawrongmeans.

20.Wecanfindbeautifullightintheotherperson,whichmaybepreciselywhatwe__________(search)forallalong.21.I__________(look)formylostbookforthreedays,butIstillhaven’tfoundit.22.We’vebeentoldthegoodnews,butwhenandwheretogofortheexcitingpaidvacation__________(notdiscuss)yet.23.Sincethebeginningofthevacation,I___________(travel)acrossthecountry,andmynextdestinationistheWuyiMountains.24.Overthepastdecades,seaice____________(decrease)intheArcticasaresultofglobalwarming.25.Excuseme,Marcia,areporterfromVanityFair___________(ring)allday.Couldyouspeaktohernow?26.Youknow,I___________(look)forajobforthreemonthsandthisismyfirstformalinterview.27.Thelittleboyisdirtyalloverbecausehe___________(play)inthemudallthemorning.28.I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.Ithinkso.He___________(prepare)foritformonths.29.—Youlookpale.—Iamtired.I___________(paint)thelivingroomallday.30.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy___________(consider)goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.31.Danny__________(work)hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular.

32.Thosecandidates___________(wait)inthehallforovertwohours.33.He___________(sleep)for6hoursandstillcan`twakeup.34.Mymother___________(clean)thefurniturethewholeweekend.35.Haveyoufinishedthereport?No,I___________(do)itallbymyself.36.Theseflowers___________(give)offastrangesmellthismorning.37.Marty___(work)reallyhardonhisbookandhethinkshe’llhavefinisheditbyFriday.38.It(rain)everydaysincethebeginningofthismonth.39.They

(be)hereforthreeyearsbytheendofthisyear.40.I(learn)ChineseformanyyearssinceIcametoChinathreeyearsago.41.Ithasetoourknowledgethatyou______(cheat)thepany.42.Eversincemiddleschool,he______(dream)abouttakingagreatbiketrip.43.Inrecentyears,militaryforces(assign)tohelpwithpeacekeeping.44.Forhalfamonth,he(prepare)fortheschoolbasketballgame.45.Inordertopletethetaskinadvance,she(bury)herselfintheworkthesedays.46.Thetobaccoindustry(try)toimproveitsimage.47.Thegroup(live)inaremotecorneroftheCambodianjungle.48.Jim(phone)Jennyeverynightforthelastweek.49.Thetwoparties___________(try)tounitesincetheNewYear.50.Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy__________(consider)goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.三、高考真題回顧：1.(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Inthelastfiveyears,Cao___________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’shighestmountain.

2.(2020北京卷)TheNeanderthals____________(live)alongsidehumanancestorsinEuropefortensofthousandsofyears,beforedyingoutabout40,000yearsago.3.(2020北京卷)OliverisahostofaTVprogrammeonfood.Hesaysfood____________(play)abigroleinhislife.4.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Idon’tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IloveinghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI___________(make)overtheyears.四、語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)法填空：(1)Asayoungmanofbothpassionandendurance,PerceBlackhorowhadlongbeendreaming1decentadventure.Sohedidn’tgiveupwhenSirErnestShackletonturneddownhisrequesttojointheexpedition.Perce2(secret)hidhimselfinacupboard,only3(find)threedaysaftertheysetoff.Hefeltfortunateandhappywhenhewasassignedasastewardinsteadof4(send)backhome.Itturnedouttobeatoughjourney.Theshipgot5(stick)intheiceastheyapproachedAntarcticaandtheyhadtoabandontheship.UndertheguidanceofSirErnest,they6(throw)awaynearlyeverythingexceptnecessitiesandabanjo,7kepttheirspiritsupduringthejourney.Survivalwasnoteasyandthingswentfrombadtoworse.FinallySirErnestleftforSouthGeorgiaIslandinordertofindhelp.ThedesperatesituationmadeyoungPerceBlackborowfeeldown8beebadtempered.Itwasthegenuine9(encourage)andconcernfromBlessFrankWildthatcheeredhimup.FrankandErnest’sresolveandperseverancefilledhimwithhope.Realizingthatheshouldn’tbeeselfishjustbecauseof10adversitytheywerefacedwith,helearnedtobeoptimisticanddetermined.(2)Manyofmyfriendslikefallandtakeitastheirfavoriteseason.Lastweekend,Iwentoutdoorsandsoon1(find)adeeperappreciationforthisseason.Thechangeofleafcolorsisamonreasongiven2theloveoffall.Eachtreereacts3(different)tothechangeoftheseason.Someshedtheirleavesinhopesofreproducing；however,other4(tree)remaingreenforaslongaspossibletogainadditionalenergyfromthesuntosurvivethewinter.Thiseffect5(call)theflightorfightresponse.Fallisatimeof6(reflect)andpreparationfortheyearahead.Ihavefoundameaningoffallforme.I’m718yearoldboyinthefinalyearofhighschoolandmylifeisajobinprogress.TherearetimesIwanttogiveup,butthenIlookaroundmeandrealizelifekeeps8(move).Thenaturalcycleoflifeisbeautifulanddoesn’tstopgrowingsoIhavetolearntokeepup.Themeaningoffallisdifferentforeachperson.Iencourageyou9(go)outtofollowsomepathorsidewalkanddiscover10fallmeanstoyou.(3)Ayoungman,while1(travel)throughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater.Thewaterwassweet.Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder2hadbeenhisteacher.Afterafour–dayjourney,theyoungmanpresentedthewatertotheoldman.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiledwarmly,andthankedhisstudentverymuch3thesweetwater.Theyoungmanwenthomewithahappyheart.Afterthestudent4(leave),theteacherletanotherstudenttastethewater.Hespititout,5(say)itwasawful.Obviously,itwasnolongerfreshbecauseoftheoldleathercontainer.Heaskedhisteacher,“Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretend6(like)it”Theteacherreplied,“Youtastethewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwas7(simple)thecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe8(sweet).Weunderstandthislessonbestwhenwereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.Whether9isacheappipeoradiamondnecklace,theproperresponseis10(appreciate).Welovetheideawithinthegiftratherthanthething.(4)MaxWoosey,an11yearoldfromtheUnitedKingdom,hasspenthistimeduringCOVIDdoingsomething1(mean).Max’sfamilywerelookingaftertheirneighbor,Rick,whowas2(die)ofcancer.BeforeRickpassed3,hegaveMaxatentandhadhimpromisetohaveanadventure.So,afterRickdied,MaxdecidedtoraisemoneyfortheNorthDevonHospice,