考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷31（共190題）

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷31（共9套）（共190題）考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共25題，每題1.0分，共25分。)[A]TheworkbuildsonastudypublishedlastyearbyShinyaYamanakaofKyotoUniversityinJapan,whichshowedthatmousetailcellscouldbetransformedintoES-likecellsbyinsertingfourgenes(ScienceNow,3July2006).Thosegenesarenormallyswitchedoffafterembryoniccellsdifferentiateintothevariouscelltypes.InJunethisyear,Yamanakaandanothergroupreportedthatthecellsweretrulypluripotent,meaningthattheyhadthepotentialtogrowintoanytissueinthebody(ScienceNow,6June).[B]Inthenewwork,Yamanakaandhiscolleaguesusedaretrovirustoferryintoadultcellsthesamefourgenestheyhadpreviouslyusedtoreprogrammousecells:OCT3/4,SOX2,KLF4,andc-MYC.Theyreprogrammedcellstakenfromthefacialskinofa36-year-oldwomanandfromconnectivetissuefroma69-year-oldman.RoughlyoneiPScelllinewasproducedforevery5,000cellstheresearcherstreatedusingthetechnique,anefficiencythatenabledthemtoproduceseveralcelllinesfromeachexperiment.[C]Nowtheracetorepeatthefeatinhumancellshasendedinatie:Twogroupsreporttodaythattheyhavereprogrammedhumanskincellsintoso-calledinducedpluripotentcells(iPSs).InapaperpublishedonlineinCell,Yamanakaandhiscolleaguesshowthattheirmousetechniqueworkswithhumancellsaswell.AndinapaperpublishedonlineinScience,JamesThomsonoftheUniversityofWisconsin,Madison,andhiscolleaguesreportsuccessinreprogramminghumancells,againbyinsertingjustfourgenes,twoofwhicharedifferentfromthoseYamanakauses.[D]Oncethekinksareworkedout,"thewholefieldisgoingtocompletelychange,"saysstemcellresearcherJoseCibelliofMichiganStateUniversityinEastLansing."Peopleworkingonethicswillhavetofindsomethingnewtoworryabout."[E]Thomson'steamstartedfromscratch,identifyingitsownlistof14candidatereprogramminggenes.LikeYamanaka'sgroup,theteamusedasystematicprocessofeliminationtoidentifyfourfactors:OCT3andSOX2,asYamanakaused,andtwodifferentgenes,NANOGandLIN28.Thegroupreprogrammedcellsfromfetalskinandfromtheforeskinofanewbornboy.Theresearcherswereabletotransformaboutonein10,000cells,lessthanYamanaka'stechniqueachieved,Thomsonsays,butstillenoughtocreateseveralcelllinesfromasingleexperiment.[F]Scientistshavemanagedtoreprogramhumanskincellsdirectlyintocellsthatlookandactlikeembryonicstem(ES)cells.Thetechniquemakesitpossibletogeneratepatient-specificstemcellstostudyortreatdiseasewithoutusingembryosoroocytes—andthereforecouldbypasstheethicaldebatesthathaveplaguedthefield."Thisislikeanearthquakeforboththescienceandpoliticsofstemcellresearch,"saysJesseReynolds,policyanalystfortheCenterforGeneticsandSocietyinOakland,California.[G]Althoughpromising,bothtechniquesshareadownside.Theretrovirusesusedtoinsertthegenescouldcausetumorsintissuesgrownfromthecells.Thecrucialnextstep,everyoneagrees,istofindawaytoreprogramcellsbyswitchingonthegenesratherthaninsertingnewcopies.Thefieldismovingquicklytowardthatgoal,saysstemcellresearcherDouglasMeltonofHarvardUniversity."Itisnothardtoimagineatimewhenyoucouldaddsmallmoleculesthatwouldticklethesamenetworksasthesegenes"andproducereprogrammedcellswithoutgeneticalterations,hesays.Order:1、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點解析：文章首段[F]就開門見山地指出：科學(xué)家已經(jīng)成功重組了人體的皮膚細(xì)胞并改造成了類胚胎干細(xì)胞。由第一段和最后一段可以得知，這句話是本文的中心。[A]中首句“這些研究工作都是以去年日本京都大學(xué)山中伸彌教授的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)為基礎(chǔ)的”是過渡句，起到承上啟下的作用，這表明下文將闡述科學(xué)家這項重大發(fā)現(xiàn)的研究工作，故選[A]。2、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：由第一段、第二段及最后一段我們可以看出，全文圍繞一個核心概念：科學(xué)家的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)展開，逐步論述這個發(fā)現(xiàn)是如何被科學(xué)家經(jīng)過各種實驗和研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的。[C]的開頭一詞：Now，時間上起到了很好的銜接作用，使文章自然地過渡到下文。此外，[C]中提到的therace，twogroups以及描述的兩組研究人員最后都得出了驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)，都與上一段的描述很好地呼應(yīng)，這符合段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系，故為本題答案。3、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點解析：第三段中作者介紹了Thomson和Yamanaka兩個研究小組在Yamanaka小組原來的研究基礎(chǔ)上都獲得了同樣的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)，按照文章的邏輯關(guān)系，作者接下來就會介紹一下這兩組研究小組獲得發(fā)現(xiàn)的研究過程。[E]主要講的是Thomson小組的研究過程，但作者在[B]開頭便說Inthenewwork(在新的研究中)，然后再介紹Yamanaka小組的實驗過程，Inthenewwork起到恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡作用，而且Yamanaka小組首先做了基礎(chǔ)的實驗，才有后來兩個小組的共同研究結(jié)果，所以相比之下，[C]和[B]這兩部分的語義銜接更為緊密，屬于上下文關(guān)系。故[B]為正確答案。4、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E知識點解析：上文詳細(xì)闡述了Thomson小組的實驗過程，而[E]中的LikeYamanaka’sgroup剛好與[B]緊密銜接起來，而緊接其后的andtwodifferentgenes又與[C]中作者在段尾指出雖然兩組實驗結(jié)果一致，但湯姆森領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的實驗小組所用的兩個重組基因與Yamanaka小組所用的不同形成了前后呼應(yīng)的關(guān)系，屬于語義場同現(xiàn)，故[E]為正確答案。5、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G知識點解析：通過文章前幾段的描述，可以看出這篇文章是典型的“總一分一總”結(jié)構(gòu)。文章第一段提出論述的中心，后面接下來的幾段圍繞中心進(jìn)行了一步步詳細(xì)的描述，最后應(yīng)該進(jìn)行總結(jié)。英語文章在進(jìn)行總結(jié)時，通常會先對文章進(jìn)行概括，然后提出不足或給出解決方案。[G]在第一句中就先對文章描述的重大科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)予以肯定，說新的發(fā)現(xiàn)帶來了巨大的希望，但同時又指出這兩種技術(shù)都存在一些弊端，與上文銜接緊密，故為正確答案。[A]TimeAwayThatShapesCareers[B]FacultyWeighin[C]AdmissionsImpact[D]NoRegrets[E]HelpStudentsDevelopStrategiestoMingle[F]FindingOpportunities[G]BuildStrongSenseofResponsibilityDatafromtheNationalScienceFoundationindicatethatoverthelast25years,therehasbeenafairlyconsistent1-to2-yeartimevarianceintheintervalbetweenanundergraduatedegreeandaPh.D.Sowheredoestheextratimego?Partofitisthe"postbac":recentgraduatesoftentakebetweenthebachelor'sdegreeandgraduateschool."Postbac"timeallowsrecentgraduatestomature,gainsomeperspective,andlearnnewskillsbeforestartingoutonalonggraduateprogram.Ashorthiatusbeforethelongroad,studentsandfacultymemberssay,isalmostalwaysgood.【R1】______Mostfacultymembersagreethatifstudentshaveaclearideaofwhattheywanttostudyandwhattheirgoalsare,theycanmakeasuccessfuldirecttransitiontograduateschool."Forthegreatmajorityofstudents,sometimeoffisagoodidea,"saysDeborahGoldberg,aprofessorofecologyandevolutionarybiologyattheUniversityofMichigan.StudentswithmorelifeexperienceoftenhavethematurityittakestoperseverethroughaPh.D.,shesays.ShehasobservedthatstudentswithoutthatexperiencearemorelikelytofeelburnedoutandtodropoutoftheirPh.D.programsthanarestudentswhotaketimeoff.【R2】______Facultymembersagreethat1to2yearsawaydoesnothurtastudentinthegraduate-admissionsprocess.Butrelevantwork—especiallyresearchexperience—oftenhasabetter-than-neutraleffectonadmissionsprospects.Asheconsideredgraduateprograms,Grieswasabletodiscusshisresearchinone-on-oneinterviewswithfacultymembers,andallofthem,hesays,consideredhisyearofworkanadvantage.Maturityandlifeexperiencearethemainsellingpointsfor"postbac"time,butthedetailsofwhatyoulearncanmatter,too.Inaddition,manyfacultymembersappreciatetheperspectivesstudentswithaddedlifeexperiencebringtotheirclassroomsandlaboratories.【R3】______Individualswespoketowhohadcompleteda"postbac"expressednoregretsabouttheirdecisions.SarahWalkerseesonlyadvantagestothetimethatshespentinthePeaceCorpsandworkinginAfrica.AftershefinishedherundergraduatedegreeatSmithCollegeinNorthampton,Massachusetts,in1994,sheworkedasabiologyandmathematicsteacherfor2yearsinLesotho.WhenshereturnedtograduateschoolattheUniversityofVirginia,Charlottesville,in1998,WalkerfoundthatherexperienceinthePeaceCorpsmadeteachingassignmentseasier.HerexperienceinAfricashapedhercareergoals:Herthesisresearchinenvironmentalscienceexaminedtheimpactofland-usechangesonecologicalsystems.Walkersaysherrelationshipswithfacultymemberswerealsoimprovedbyhertimeaway.【R4】______FindingapostgraduatepositionoutsideoforganizedprogramssuchasthePeaceCorpsrequiresundergraduatestomineadiversenetworkofresources.Talktoasmanypeopleaspossible,Goldbergsays;facultymembersmightknowofcolleagueswhoarelookingforresearchassistants.Regionalandnationalmeetingspresentgreatchancesforundergraduatestoscoutforpositions.【R5】______AftercompletingthecorerequirementsforherPh.D.in2005,WalkertookajobatWinrockInternational,anonprofitinternationaldevelopmentorganizationinArlington,Virginia.Herjob—advisingprojectsthathelplimitcarbonemissionsanddeforestationinthedevelopingworld-buildsonbothherPeaceCorpsexperienceandscientificexpertise.Unsurprisingly,she'sastrongadvocateofthepostbac."Taking2years[off]haszeronegativeimpactonyourabilitytocontinueoninschool,"sheadvises.Itallowsyoutogrowasapersonandhaveabettersenseofwhatitisthatyouwanttodo.6、【R1】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點解析：第三段全段沒有出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折詞，可見，該部分內(nèi)容前后一致，為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。在本段中出現(xiàn)students和they，指代的是前兩段提到的大學(xué)畢業(yè)之后先工作一段時間，然后再返回大學(xué)繼續(xù)進(jìn)修研究生的學(xué)生。先說大學(xué)老師都認(rèn)為如果學(xué)生清楚地知道他們的目標(biāo)是什么，那么他們會更順利地進(jìn)入研究院學(xué)習(xí)，由此我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，這是承接上文，之后又引用了一個教授的話加以佐證，可判斷答案為[B]。7、【R2】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：本題所在段首句為主題句，指出大學(xué)老師們也一致認(rèn)為離開學(xué)校一到兩年不會在研究生人學(xué)考試上使學(xué)生受到打擊。后面進(jìn)一步解釋了大學(xué)畢業(yè)后先工作一段時間反倒對研究生入學(xué)有更大幫助，后面還用了一個例子來進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的印證。而[C]是對主題句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，是對后面細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容的高度概括，故為答案。8、【R3】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：本段末尾出現(xiàn)明顯的主題句，但全段都是在談?wù)撨x擇大學(xué)畢業(yè)之后先短暫工作一段時間的大學(xué)生對自己的選擇沒有遺憾，作者先是提到成熟的個性和工作經(jīng)驗是畢業(yè)后在實驗室短暫工作一段時間的最大賣點，然后再談到很多大學(xué)老師還很欣賞有更多生活經(jīng)驗并且很有潛質(zhì)的學(xué)生把更多東西帶到他們的教室和實驗室里來。最后用莎拉·沃克作為實例分析獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位后先工作一段時間的優(yōu)勢。結(jié)合首段內(nèi)容可知，這里作者是把畢業(yè)后先短暫工作一段時間的好處一一列舉，從中獲得的東西會令人對這個選擇沒有遺憾，故[D]為答案。9、【R4】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F知識點解析：本段提到大學(xué)畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)之后需要通過各種手段和途徑尋求研究助理的職位去工作。段中出現(xiàn)requires，lookingfor等詞，表示大學(xué)畢業(yè)生需要找到合適的職位，而且本段當(dāng)中還提醒學(xué)生可通過多種途徑尋求工作職位，這與[F]中的FindingOpportunities不謀而合，故答案為[F]。10、【R5】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點解析：第5題考生很容易選[G]，這是因為這一段先是提到Walker在畢業(yè)后到一個nonprofit(非盈利的)組織去工作，并且后文還提到她在PeaceCorps的經(jīng)歷使得她很勝任現(xiàn)在的工作，這些都與[G]比較一致。但是小標(biāo)題的選擇應(yīng)該是對段落的整體把握，不能只關(guān)注部分細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。本段除了這些詞之外，作者更多談到的是大學(xué)畢業(yè)先工作一段時間可以讓你對未來人生的職業(yè)規(guī)劃有更加明確的認(rèn)識。顯然該段主旨并非責(zé)任心的問題。特別是最后Walker說道：相反地，這種經(jīng)歷反倒可以讓你成長為一個人，更清楚你將來想干什么，由此得出[A]為答案。Thetime-enduringmetaphorofthewaroncancer,asoverusedasitmaybe,isasevocativeasevertodescribeoureffortstobeatthediseasethatwillclaimnearly566,000Americanlivesthisyearalone.Solet'sfallbackonmartialimagerytodescribeourcurrentposition:Wenowknowtheenemyfarbetterthaneverbefore.Andthatpromisesmuchmoreprecisetargets.【R1】______Butmountingdiscoveriesabouttheastoundinglycomplexessenceofcancer—thatitscauseslieinmultitudesofgenesgoneawry—arealsopointingthewaytowardtreatmentsaimedinlaser-likefashionatapatient'suniquesetofgeneticlimitations.Inmid-October,scientistsreportedinNaturethatthey'veidentified26keymutatedgeneslinkedtolungcancer,forexample.【R2】______Yetuntilquiterecently,theonlytoolsavailable—theblunt-forcemainstaysofsurgery,chemotherapy,andradiation—treatedeveryonemuchthesame.Then,inthe1990s,powerfulnewcomputingtechnologyallowedresearcherstobegincomparingtheDNAofcancerousandhealthytissuesandgainalookattheveryblueprintsofsimilar-lookingbutmarkedlydifferenttumors.【R3】______Itseemsthatmanyoftheabnormalgenesoperatetogethertocreatetroubleinasmallernumberofdistinctcellularpathways—themolecularprocessesthatmakeacancercellsodeadly.Thesecommonpathwaysarethelikelydrugtargets.Thinkofitthisway:Multiplecarsaretakingseparateroutestothesamegarage,andinsteadoftryingtostopeachcarontheroad,youblockthedriveway.Thepathwaysaresharedbycancersindifferentorgans;thenewlungcancerstudy,forexample,revealedmutationsalsofingeredincanceroftheretinaandcolon,amongothers,suggestingthatdrugscanbeusedagainstapanoplyoftumors.【R4】______Theoretically,thatmeansdrugscouldbemuchbettermatchedtopatients.Thatkindofmatchingisonlyoccasionallyavailablenow.LungcancerdrugsTarcevaandIressatargetthecell-growthreceptorEGFR;forreasonsnotyetfullyunderstoodbutmostlikelyinvolvingmutationsinEGFR,theyworkbetterinsomepatientsthaninothers.【R5】______Foronething,findingallthemutationslinkedtoacertaincancerisn'tenough.Howandwhyaregenesturnedonandoff?Andhowdothesignalingpathwaysaffectandinfluenceeachother?Evenwhenatargetisidentifiedasimportantandadrugmadetoblockit,chancesarethetumorhasanotherwaytoreachthesameend—orwillfindoneasitcontinuestogrowandmutate,whichexplainswhypeopledevelopresistancetotargetedtherapiesthatworkatfirst.Whatthisallsuggests,manysay,isthatjustasHIVisnowmanagedbyadrugcocktail,cancermayonedaybehandledasachronicdiseasecontrolledbyachangingmixofseveraldrugsatonceinsequenceorcombination.Theraceisontoexpandthearsenal.AccordingtoarecentDatamonitorreport,10newtargeteddrugshaveenteredthemarketplacesince2005,andresearchersarestudyingexistingtherapiestoseeifthey'remoreeffectivetogether.[A]It'sbeenclearforyears,forexample,thatcancersvarywidelyeveniftheylookthesameunderamicroscope:Someareslowgrowing,othersareaggressive;somepatientsrespondtoonedrug,whileothersarenothelpedatall.[B]Devisingtreatmentstocombateverysinglemutationwouldbeahugetask—butthatmaynotbenecessary,expertssay.[C]Ofcourse,asevenSunTzurecognized,intelmustbetranslatedintoeffectiveaction,andinthisstruggle,thatefforthasbeenalltooplaguedbyfailure.[D]Withinjustafewyears,thetechnologymaybeavailabletosequenceanindividualtumor'sgenesandfindoutexactlywhatpathwaysneedblocking,saysRaymondDuBois,deanofM.D.AndersonCancerCenterinHoustonandpresidentoftheAmericanAssociationforCancerResearch.[E]Anewstudyhasfoundthatmutationsineitheroftwogenesareinvolvedinthedevelopmentoflungcancer.[F]Studieshavefoundthattheepidermalgrowthfactorreceptor(EGFR)geneismutatedinmanynon-smallcelllungcancersandthatthesemutationsareassociatedwithincreasedsensitivitytogefitinib(Iressa)orerlotinib(Tarceva),tyrosinekinase(TK)inhibitorsthattargetEGFR.[G]Clearly,convertingthismassofnewgeneticinformationintoperfectlytailoredtherapiesisn'taquickanddirtyexercise.11、【R1】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：作者在前文介紹了我們現(xiàn)在對癌癥的了解比以前已經(jīng)多了很多，而且就已知的情況我們將會有更明確的抗癌目標(biāo)。那么接下來該把目標(biāo)付諸實際行動。七個選項中只有[C]具體提到了必須轉(zhuǎn)化為有效的行動。因此[C]是正確答案。12、【R2】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點解析：上文提到科學(xué)家已經(jīng)找到一些治療癌癥的措施，而在第2題空格處的后一句是：直到最近，才發(fā)現(xiàn)了唯一一種有效的方法。由此推斷第2題空格處依然應(yīng)該描述治療癌癥的措施或方法，對上文進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的說明。[A]中出現(xiàn)了forexample，根據(jù)上下文語義邏輯關(guān)系，可以初步判定本題答案是[A]，然后再根據(jù)該題上下文語義場，顯然該項符合此處上下文邏輯及語義關(guān)系。13、【R3】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點解析：由上文我們得知癌癥變化的幅度很廣，下文按照邏輯，設(shè)計研究者應(yīng)該設(shè)計出對抗每一個變異的癌癥的方法，根據(jù)常識，研究者肯定用的是相反的方法。[B]剛好指出設(shè)計出對抗每一個變異的癌癥的方法將是一項巨大的工作——而專家也說，那也沒有必要。故[B]為本題答案。14、【R4】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：前一段末句中談到，科學(xué)家通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，可以按照用來堵住所有腫瘤的所有細(xì)胞途徑來發(fā)明藥物治療癌癥。根據(jù)常識可知，接下來就應(yīng)該按照這個原理來發(fā)明藥物。而[D]引用美國休斯敦安德森癌癥中心主任、美國癌癥研究學(xué)會會長雷蒙德·迪布瓦先生的話對這個方法予以肯定，同時[D]中的blocking與上文句中的block構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系，故本題答案是[D]。15、【R5】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G知識點解析：經(jīng)過對上文的分析之后發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些藥物并不是對所有的人都適用，第5題下一句中用了Foronething，明顯是在解釋原因，而[G]中所表述的意思很明顯，把這種大量的新遺傳信息轉(zhuǎn)化為恰好適合的治療藥物并不是一個快速而又有效的方法，剛好與上文表達(dá)的藥物不一定適用于任何人一致。這符合文章上下文的語義邏輯關(guān)系，故[G]為本題答案。I'mnotoriousamongmyfriendsforbeinganearly-morningexerciser—youknow,theannoyingpersonwhobouncesrightoutofbedbeforethealarmgoesoff(Ihaveneverhitthesnoozebuttoninmylife),jumpsintoherrunningshoes,andisoutthedoorforarun,swim,orbikeridebeforeMattLauerisintohisfirstcupofcoffee.【R1】______Thetroubleis,Iusuallyendupputtingthemoffuntilafterwork,andthenuntilthenextday,whentheentirecyclerepeatsitself.【R2】______ButnowthatI'mputtingdownthehammerandgettingbackintoaworkoutroutine,I'mfindingthatitcanbehardtomotivatemyselftoactually,youknow,workout.SoIdecidedtocheckoutwhethertechnologyoffersanybetteranswersthansimplyputtingaPost-itonmycomputer.Usingtextmessaging,phonemessages,andE-mailtomotivatepeopletobetterhealthbehaviorisahottopic,itturnsout.ResearchersinScotland,forexample,areusingatest-messagingsystemcalledSweetTalktoremindteenswithtype1diabetestotaketheirinsulin.Textmessageshavealsobeenusedtoremindpeopletotaketheirmedicationsandhelpthemquitsmokingandhavebeenstudiedtofollowupwithbulimiapatients.【R3】______OrsendadelayedE-mailmessagetoyourself,anoptionavailableinsomeE-mailprograms,includingMicrosoftOutlook.OruseaWeb-basedservicetoremindyourselfviatextmessagesorE-mail;GoogleCalendarandOhDontForget.combothallowyoutoprogramintextmessagestoyourself.【R4】______(SweetTalkalonedidn'timprovebloodsugarlevelsintheabsenceofintensiveinsulintherapy,whilethebulimicsstudiedfoundtheautomatedmessageswereimpersonal.)Inthatcase,it'sapersonaltouchthatmaymattermost.ResearchersatOhioStateUniversityMedicalCenterarestudyingpostmenopausalwomenwhoareoverweightanddon'texercise,thusputtingthemathigherriskforbreastcancer.They'regivingeachwomanapedometerandagoalofworkingupto10,000stepsaday.Butonegroupofwomeninthe12-weekstudywillgetdailyautomatedvoicemessagesremindingthemtoworkout,whiletheotherwillgetbothvoicemessagesandcallsfromarealliveperson—acoach.Thehypothesisisthattheoneswhospeaktoarealpersonwillbettersticktotheirgoals(andpossiblypreventcancer).【R5】______TomHolland,aDarien,Conn-basedexercisephysiologistwhocoachesandtrainspeoplerangingfromIronman,triathletestofitnessnewbies,saysoneofhisclientsistryingtoloseweightashermaingoal."Isendheralittlemessageeverydaywhenshe'snotexpectingit,"hesays."Itmayjustsay'Youcandoit,'butitreally,reallyworks.Itshowsthatsomeonetooktimeoutandisthinkingaboutthemandisontheirside."I'mexperimentingwithGoogleCalendarforthereminders.Andforface-to-facemotivation,I'veinstructedmyboyfriendtoharassmetogorunningatleasteveryotherday,whilehe'stoldmetomakesureheplaysbasketballatleastasoften.I'lltellyouhowitgoes.Gotagreatway—high-techorlow—ofremindingormotivatingyourselftoworkout?Pleaseshareit.[A]Iwon'tlie;it'sbeenreally,reallynicetorelax.[B]Tomotivateyourself,tryanonlinecalendar,likeGoogleCalendar,thatyoucanprogramtoremindyourselftoworkout.[C]Now,though,I'mrecoveringfromvariousinjuriesandtakingabreakfromheavytraining,andI'vediscoveredthejoysofsleepingpast7:30andputtingoffmyworkoutsuntilmylunchbreak.[D]Personaltrainersandcoacheshavealreadycottonedontothisidea.[E]Whatimpactcanmobilephoneshaveontheirusers'health?Manypeopleworryaboutthesupposedilleffectscausedbyradiationfromhandsetsandbasestations,despitethelackofcredibleevidenceofanyharm.[F]Butifyouneedareasontoexercise,notjustareminder,youmayrequireabitmorethananautomatedmessage.[G]DrFranklinandhercolleaguesdevisedasystemcalledSweetTalk,whichsendspatientspersonalizedtextmessagesremindingthemofthetreatmentgoalstheyhavesetthemselves,andallowingthemtosendquestionstodoctors.16、【R1】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：作者在前文介紹了自己是一個進(jìn)行體育鍛煉很有規(guī)律的人，但是第1題空格后作者提到自己現(xiàn)在有些不習(xí)慣，據(jù)此推斷，空格處應(yīng)該是作者改變了自己的工作和鍛煉的正常習(xí)慣，所以才會不習(xí)慣，而七個選項中只有[C]提到作者受傷了，而且發(fā)現(xiàn)睡懶覺很舒服，所以把所有的鍛煉都推遲到了午休時間，因此[C]是本題答案。17、【R2】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點解析：作者在上文中指出自己在改變了生活和工作習(xí)慣后非常不習(xí)慣。本題解題難度稍大，但是考生應(yīng)該想到，如果不習(xí)慣，可以改回原來的時間表。在第2題后面，作者就提到了回到原來的作息時間表的問題(gettingbackintoaworkoutrootine)。[A]指出“休息真的真的很享受”，其中的nice與上文中的joys屬于同義替換，剛好和下文的內(nèi)容形成對比，符合邏輯習(xí)慣，故[A]是本題答案。18、【R3】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點解析：在第2題所在段的最后一句作者提到：所以我決定，檢查一下先進(jìn)科技是否可以提供比簡單地往電腦上貼一張即時貼更好的方法。之后作者提到了利用短消息、電話提醒和電子郵件來進(jìn)行提醒。[B]中的workout在第2題所在段已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過，根據(jù)詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)原則可以初步判定本題答案是[B]。然后再根據(jù)該題上下文語義，顯然該項符合上下文邏輯及語義關(guān)系，故為本題答案。19、【R4】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F知識點解析：在第4題之前的幾個段落講現(xiàn)代科技可以給人們帶來的便利，如手機(jī)短信、電子郵件等等對人們進(jìn)行提醒，而在第4題之后，作者指出Inthatcase，it’sapersonaltouchthatmaymattermost，從而把論述的重點轉(zhuǎn)移到了personaltouch，所以第4題應(yīng)該是個轉(zhuǎn)折。縱觀所有選項，只有[F]開頭便是but，而再結(jié)合上下文語義，顯然本題答案是[F]。20、【R5】標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：上一段作者語鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，開始論述personaltouch，而在第5題后面又舉了湯姆·哈蘭德手下的一名學(xué)員在真人提醒下取得的進(jìn)步，由此可以判斷第5題應(yīng)該是對真人提醒的肯定，而[D]指出：真人訓(xùn)練者和教練都肯定了這個計劃，符合文章上下文語義，故為本題正確答案。[A]Americans'abilitytotakethemortgageinterestdeductionranksuptherewiththerighttobeararmsandwatchfootballgames.HomeownershipispartoftheAmericandream,andtheU.S.governmenthaslongdoneitsparttoencouragehomebuyingamongcitizensofalleconomicstrata.EconomistEdmundPhelps,a2006NobellaureateandColumbiaUniversityprofessor,hascriticizedtheU.S.financialsector'sorientationtowardfinancingresidentialconstructionandawayfrombusinessinvestmentandinnovation.[B]So,Igrewupthinkingthatrentingisperfectlynormal.Andthen,strangelyenough,Ineverdidbuyahouse.IliveinNewYorkCityandI'mstillrenting.Myownpersonalnarrativeshowsthatitispossibletolivearespectablelifewithouteverhavingownedahome.[C]Isthesacrificeofbusinessinvestmentandinnovationthekeynegativetothefinancialsector'sfocusonhousing?Thatwasmykeynegative,butIalsohadsomeanimusagainsttheideathateverybodyoughttoownhisorherownhome.Ithoughtthiswasabizarresocialgoal.[D]Haven'tyounotedinthepastthathomeownershipcanreducethemobilityofaworkforce?That'snottrueinNewYorkorLosAngeles,wheretherearesomanyemployers.ButifyouownyourhomeinPeoriaandyou'reworkingforsomespecializedfirm,andthingsdon'tgosowellthere—atthatpoint,you'dliketohavethemobilityofpickingupstakesatnocostandlookingforsomesimilarkindoffirmelsewhere.Tobeperfectlyhonest,thattheothersideofthecoinisthatmobilityisn'tnecessarilyrightuptherewithapplepieassomethingthat'sgoodforus.Becausewhenpeopleareverymobile,theycanbeverydifficultemployees.[E]Therehasbeenresearchthatshowshomeownershipmakesforbettercitizens.Icanwellimaginethatsomeunemployedsociologistwouldlookintothathypothesis.I'mnotattackingtheideathatpeopleliveinconglomerationsofhousesinproximitytooneanother,sharingthesamewatermainsandthesamenewspaperdeliveryboyandsoforth.I'mnotobjectingtothat.Thatcouldhappenwithorwithouthomeownership.[F]Isitemotional,asin,partoftheAmericandream?Orhasitjustbeenthebestwayforpeopletobuildwealth?Wecouldarguewhetherornotit'sthebestway.Butwhatissurprisingisthisnewethos,thisnewenthusiasmforhomeownershipsuggeststhatitshouldbe—forpeoplewhoaren'trichanyway—themainwaytheyholdtheirwealthandthatthere'ssomethingalmostun-Americanaboutholdingyourwealthinstocksandbonds.Thecelebrationofhomeownershipseemstobepartofacountermovementagainstpopularowningofsharesincorporations.[G]Ofcourse,Icomefrommoreofanurbanculture.Igrewup,untilage6,inChicago.Myparentsrentedtheirapartmentand,attheendoftheDepression,myparentswantedtoreplicatethatsituation.So,again,welivedinasomewhatsuburbansettingoutsideofNewYorkCityand,again,theyrented.[H]U.S.government'simproperrealestateandfinancialpoliciesforthecrisispavedthewayfortheseeds.HomeOwnershipwastheAmericandream.Inthe1930stheGreatDepression,theUnitedStatesflaggingdomesticdemand,Roosevelt'sNewDealofthedecision-makingisoneoftheestablishmentofFannieMae,toprovideforthenationalhousingfinancetohelppeoplebuyhousing,tostimulatedomesticdemand.[I]So,willthenexteconomicexpansionlookverydifferent?Ithinkweverymuchneedtoreorientthefinancialsectorawayfromhousing.Thelevelofhousingconstructionwasunsustainable.Ithadtocometoacrashingend.Butwhatwehavetohopeforisthatthefinancialsectorwillbeabletoreinventitselfandstartlearningtoservetheclassicalfunctionsofallocatingfinancetocompetinginvestmentprojectsandcompetinginnovationsandactivities.Ithinksomehowthebankingindustryhaslosttheexpertisetobeabletochooseamongrivalinvestmentprojectsandinnovationprojects.Idon'tthinkthebankersknowanythingaboutalternativeenergyprojects.They'regoingtohavetoacquirethatexpertiseifthey'regoingtobe,astheNewYorkTimesputit,"useful"totheeconomy.Order:21、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點解析：文章第一段先提出了一種現(xiàn)象，即美國人都有很強(qiáng)的承受抵押貸款利息扣除額的能力，都想居者有其屋，然后引用一位諾貝爾獲獎?wù)叩母醒耘u了這種現(xiàn)象。因此，在這一段后作者應(yīng)該表明自己對這種現(xiàn)象的觀點，[C]恰恰非常明確地表示Ialsohadsomeanimusagainsttheidea(我仍然有意反對……)。因此[C]正確。22、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F知識點解析：通過對第一、二段和第五段內(nèi)容的把握可知，本文大體結(jié)構(gòu)為現(xiàn)象．解釋型。所以應(yīng)選擇一個解釋性語言的段落，[F]恰好分析了美國民眾對居者有其屋飽含深情的原因。因此[F]正確。23、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E知識點解析：通過對第三段內(nèi)容的把握，發(fā)現(xiàn)文章解釋部分又是“總一分”結(jié)構(gòu)。作者在第三段對居者有其屋現(xiàn)象先是從它是美國夢的一部分來加以解釋，下文將會從具體的方面進(jìn)行逐一分析。[E]開頭提到已經(jīng)有研究報告指出擁有房屋可以培養(yǎng)出更好的公民，所以[E]正確。24、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點解析：通過對前面一到五段的把握和對第3題的分析很容易得知，作者在對人們居者有其屋那么認(rèn)同的原因解釋的同時，用自身的經(jīng)歷進(jìn)行逐一辯駁。所以此段會對租房住予以肯定。[B]恰好論述在“我”成長的過程中“我”認(rèn)為租住房屋是再正常不過的事情。而且[B]開頭有So一詞作為邏輯順序標(biāo)準(zhǔn)詞，所以[B]正確。25、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點解析：分析文章最后一段，發(fā)現(xiàn)最后一段是總結(jié)性語言，在批駁居者有其屋之際，還建議人們應(yīng)該適應(yīng)金融部門把投資從房屋上轉(zhuǎn)移的改變。由于最后一段以so開頭，就意味前后文是因果關(guān)系，所以這一段應(yīng)該是分析人們認(rèn)同居者有其屋的又一原因，同時作者還會加以反駁，只有[D]提到擁有住房可以減少勞動力的流動性，并在之后用That’snottrue進(jìn)行了明確的反駁，所以[D]正確?？佳杏⒄Z（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Comeon—Everybody'sdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood—drinking,drugsandcasualsex.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexamplesofthesocialcureinaction:InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownasloveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafesexamongtheirpeers.Theideaseemspromising,andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueofthelamenessofmanypubic-healthcampaignsisspot-on:theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology."Daretobedifferent,pleasedon'tsmoke!"pleadsonebillboardcampaignaimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers—teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit'spresentedhereisthatitdoesn'tworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheloveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandmixed.There'snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.Anemergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealth