北京卷05-2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)測試卷（解析版）

2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)測試卷四（北京卷）本試卷共100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長100分鐘考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：學(xué)問運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完型填空（共10小題：每小題1.5份，共15份）閱讀下面短文，把握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。(2023門頭溝區(qū))Familyisthewarmestplacewheremembersalwayshelpeachother,especiallyinthemostdifficulttimes.MyhusbandandIwentthroughtoughtimesmanyyearsago.However,wedidn’tmentionthedifficultiestoourchildren.Theonlythingtheyknewclearlywasthatwehadto___1___manythings.Butwedidn’twantto___2___themwithaproblemaboutwhichtheycoulddonothing.Oursituationwasn’timproving,andweknewthatwewouldhavetolookforoutsidehelp.Justaswereachedthepointof___3___,ourcommunitygaveusanenvelopethathadbeenleftinthecommittee’sofferingbox.Thecommitteesaid,“Inourcommunity,therehasbeenawayofassistingthosewhohavefinancialdifficulties.Inordernottomakethereceiversfeelashamed,moneyissecretlydroppedintoanofferingboxwithonlythe___4___nameoneachenvelope.Thentheenvelopesare___5___tothosememberswithoutthemknowingthegivers’names.”Youcouldimaginehowoverjoyedweweretoreceiveit,whichwasenoughtobringusthroughthedesperatetime.Wecouldn’thelpbut___6___whohadgivensuchagenerousgift.Wewereenormouslygrateful.Later,oursonappliedforastudentloansothathecouldattenduniversity.Itwasthenthatwe___7___hissavingaccountwasalmostempty.We’dtrustedhimtoputthewagesfromhispart-timejobintothebank.Wewereso___8___thatIaskedhimrepeatedlytofindoutwherethemoneyhadgone.Hejuststoodtherewithfirmeyesbutsaidnothing.Finally,withgreat___9___,mysoneventuallyadmittedthattheyearbeforehehadputhissavingsintheofferingboxforus.Istoodtherespeechless,tearsfillingmyeyes.Hehadspentseveralyearssavingthatmoneyandhadgivenittous_____10_____withouttellinguswhathehaddone.1.A.makeupfor B.comeupwith C.cutbackon D.lookforwardto2.A.bother B.harm C.encourage D.support3.A.anger B.desperation C.hope D.relief4.A.receiver’s B.giver’s C.organizer’s D.partner’s5.A.related B.contributed C.distributed D.devoted6.A.recall B.infer C.imagine D.wonder7.A.discovered B.thought C.ensured D.admitted8.A.pessimistic B.disappointed C.frightened D.guilty9.A.interaction B.explanation C.expectation D.hesitation10.A.obviously B.willingly C.gradually D.accidentally【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.A5.C6.D7.A8.B9.D10.B【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了作者一家生活困難，在瀕臨無望的時(shí)候，一個(gè)匿名的人給了他們一個(gè)裝有現(xiàn)金的信封幫他們度過了難關(guān)，最終發(fā)覺這個(gè)人竟然是他們的兒子。1考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他們唯一清楚的是，我們必需削減開支。A.makeupfor補(bǔ)償；B.comeupwith提出；C.cutbackon消減；D.lookforwardto期盼。依據(jù)上文“MyhusbandandIwentthroughtoughtimes(我和丈夫經(jīng)受了困難的時(shí)期)”可知他們需要消減開支，故選C項(xiàng)。2考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們不想為他們無能為力幫忙的問題而困擾他們。A.bother打攪；煩擾；B.harm損害；C.encourage鼓舞；D.support支持。依據(jù)下文“aproblemaboutwhichtheycoulddonothing(他們無能為力幫忙的問題)”可知，這些問題他們無能為力，所以父母不期望煩擾他們，故選A項(xiàng)。3考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就在我們接近無望的程度的時(shí)候，社區(qū)給了我們一個(gè)信封，這個(gè)信封放在了居委會的募捐箱里。A.anger生氣；B.desperation無望；C.hope期望；D.relief解脫。依據(jù)下文“Youcouldimaginehowoverjoyedweweretoreceiveit,whichwasenoughtobringusthroughthedesperatetime.(你可以想象，我們收到它是多么的興奮，這足以讓我們度過無望的時(shí)間)”可知，作者一家的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況達(dá)到了無望的程度，故選B項(xiàng)。4考查名詞全部格詞義辨析。句意：為了不讓接收者感到恥辱，人們偷偷地把錢放進(jìn)一個(gè)募捐箱里，每個(gè)信封上只有接收者的名字。A.receiver’s接收人的；B.giver’s贈予人的；C.organizer’s組織者的；D.partner’s伙伴的。依據(jù)上文“ourcommunitygaveusanenvelope(社區(qū)給了我們一個(gè)信封)”可知，信封上面寫的是我們的名字，我們是接收者，故選A項(xiàng)。5考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，信封被分發(fā)給這些人，而他們不知道贈予者的名字。A.related聯(lián)系；B.contributed貢獻(xiàn)；C.distributed分發(fā)；D.devoted奉獻(xiàn)。依據(jù)下文“withoutthemknowingthegivers’names(不知道贈予者的名字)”可知，這是分發(fā)信封的方式，故選C項(xiàng)。6考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們不禁想知道是誰送了這么慷慨的禮物。A.recall回憶；B.infer推理；C.imagine想象；D.wonder想知道。依據(jù)上文“Thentheenvelopesaredistributedtothosememberswithoutthemknowingthegivers’names(信封被分發(fā)給這些人，而他們不知道贈予者的名字)”以及下文“Wewereenormouslygrateful(我們格外感謝)”可知，我們得到了掛念，格外感謝，但又不知道誰掛念了我們，想知道這個(gè)人是誰，故選D項(xiàng)。7考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：就在那時(shí)，我們才發(fā)覺他的儲蓄賬戶幾乎是空的。A.discovered發(fā)覺；B.thought思考；C.ensured確保；D.admitted承認(rèn)。依據(jù)下文“hissavingaccountwasalmostempty(他的儲蓄賬戶幾乎是空的)”可知，他的賬戶是空的，這是我們發(fā)覺的，故選A項(xiàng)。8考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們格外絕望，反復(fù)要求他說出錢去了哪里。A.pessimistic悲觀的；B.disappointed絕望的；C.frightened可怕的；D.guilty內(nèi)疚的。依據(jù)上文“wediscoverhissavingaccountwasalmostempty.We’dtrustedhimtoputthewagesfromhispart-timejobintothebank.(我們發(fā)覺他的儲蓄賬戶幾乎是空的。我們原本信任他會把兼職工作的工資存入銀行)”可知，我們對他很絕望，故選B項(xiàng)。9考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，在極大的遲疑之下，我兒子最終承認(rèn)前一年是他為我們把積蓄放進(jìn)了募捐箱。A.interaction互動；B.explanation解釋；C.expectation期盼；D.hesitation遲疑。依據(jù)下文“mysoneventuallyadmitted(我兒子最終承認(rèn))”可知，兒子是遲疑了很長時(shí)間才告知真相，故選D項(xiàng)。10考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他花了好幾年時(shí)間存了這筆錢，并心甘情愿地把錢給了我們，卻沒有告知我們他做了什么。A.obviously顯而易見地；B.willingly樂意地；C.gradually漸漸地；D.accidentally偶然地。依據(jù)下文“withouttellinguswhathehaddone(沒有告知我們他做了什么)”可知，他情愿這么做，故選B項(xiàng)。其次節(jié)語法填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分,共15分）(2022-2023學(xué)年北京市海淀區(qū))閱讀下列短文，依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AI’velovedphotographysinceIwasateenager.Myparentsrecordedmanyhomevideosofmysiblingsandme.Cherishedfamilymoments____11____(document).Revisitingthemwaslikeopeningatreasurechest.I’mgratefulforthesevisualrecords____12____showedouryouthandgrowth.Filmhadabiginfluenceonme.Ilovetheemotionsconveyedbythestoryonvideo.ForadecadeIworkedasafreelancefilmmakerandphotographer.Irecordedawiderangeofgenres,therefore____13____(collect)tensofthousandsofimages—bothstillandmoving.B閱讀下列短文，依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。“Conventionalwisdomtellsusthatwecanfeelhappierifwesmileorthatwecangetourselves____14____amoreseriousmoodifwescowl(怒視),”saidNicholasColes,aPhDatUtahUniversity.Histeamcombineddatafrom138studiestestingmorethan11,000participantsandfoundfacial____15____(express)dohaveimpactonfeelings.Forexample,smilingmakespeoplehappier,scowlingmakesthemfeelangrier,andfrowningmakesthem____16____(sad).Thesefindingareexcitingbecausetheyprovideaclueabouthowthemindandbodyinteract____17____(influence)ourconsciousexperienceofemotion.C閱讀下列短文，依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Bydrawingpatternssuchasbamboosonthesurfaceofacupoftea,Chabaixi,anancientChineseteatrick____18____(go)viralrecently.Thereareadozensteps,fromgrindingteaforfinepowder,topouringboiledwater,stirringthemixtureforthickfroth(泡沫),andfinallydrawingpatterns.Clearwateritusedtoputintothecup.Whenthewater____19____(touch)thesurfaceoftea,itturnsintoawhitecoloranddisappearsin20minutes.Theprocessbeforedrawingisknownas“diancha.”Thequalityofitiscrucialto____20____thepatternscanbesuccessfullyproducedlater.11．weredocumented12．which/that13．collecting【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了作者的父母在童年為他和兄弟姐妹們錄像對他成為一位電影制作人和攝影師的影響。11．考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：貴重的家庭時(shí)刻被記錄下來?？仗幾髦^語，和主語moments為被動關(guān)系，需用被動語態(tài)，結(jié)合上文“recorded”可知，此處陳述過去發(fā)生的事情，使用一般過去時(shí)，主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填weredocumented。12．考查定語從句。句意：我很感謝這些記錄我們青春和成長的影像?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語從句，先行詞records，指物，在定語從句中作主語，需用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)。故填which/that。13．考查非謂語動詞。句意：我錄制的題材廣泛，因此收集了數(shù)以萬計(jì)的圖像——有靜止的，也有移動的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，已有謂語動詞recorded，空處需填非謂語動詞作狀語，I和collect為規(guī)律主謂關(guān)系，需填現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填collecting。14．in15．expressions16．sadder17．toinfluence【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章敘述了爭辯發(fā)覺面部表情對心情有影響。14．考查介詞。句意：猶他高校的尼古拉斯·科爾斯博士說:“傳統(tǒng)觀念告知我們，微笑會讓我們感到更歡快，皺眉會讓我們的心情更嚴(yán)峻??！眎namoreseriousmood為固定短語，意為“處于更嚴(yán)峻?的心情”。故填in。15．考查名詞。句意：他的團(tuán)隊(duì)綜合了對1.1萬多名參與者進(jìn)行的138項(xiàng)爭辯的數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)覺面部表情的確對心情有影響。分析句子可知，“facial2(express)dohaveimpactonfeelings”是賓語從句，提示詞是從句中主語，應(yīng)用名詞expression作主語，結(jié)合謂語中助動詞do可知，主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。故填expressions。16．考查形容詞比較級。句意：例如，微笑讓人更歡快，皺眉讓人更生氣，皺眉讓人更哀痛。“make+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”為固定用法，且空處和happier，angrier并列，空處需填形容詞比較級作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故填sadder。17．考查非謂語動詞。句意：這些發(fā)覺令人興奮，由于它們供應(yīng)了一個(gè)線索，說明大腦和身體是如何相互作用，影響我們對情感的有意識體驗(yàn)的?？仗幮杼顒釉~不定式作目的狀語。故填toinfluence。18．hasgone19．touches20．whether【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種古老的中國茶藝——茶百戲。18．考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在一杯茶的表面畫上竹子的圖案，這是一種古老的中國茶藝，茶百戲，最近在網(wǎng)上瘋傳。依據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“recently”可知，此處使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語為anancientChineseteatrick，助動詞用has。故填hasgone。19．考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)水接觸到茶的表面時(shí)，它會變成白色，并在20分鐘內(nèi)消逝。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句缺少謂語動詞，主句謂語動詞turns是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句也使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語為thewater，謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填touches。20．考查賓語從句。句意：它的質(zhì)量對于以后是否能成功地制作出圖案至關(guān)重要?？仗幰龑?dǎo)賓語從句，作介詞to的賓語，從句不缺成分，連接詞表示“是否”，需用whether引導(dǎo)。故填whether。其次部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題，每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。A（2022·北京·北京師大附中?？既＃￤anttoexplorenewcultures,meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhileatthesametime?YoucandoallthethreewithGlobalDevelopmentAssociation(GDA).Whateverstageoflifeyou’reat,whereveryougoandwhateverprojectyoudoinGDA,you’llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity(社區(qū)).Weworkwithvolunteersofallagesandbackgrounds.Mostofourvolunteersareaged17-24.Nowweneedvolunteermanagersaged25-75.Theyareextremelyimportantinthesafeandeffectiverunningofourprogrammes.Wehavesuchrolesasprojectmanagers,mountainleaders,andcommunicationofficers.Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincreaseacommunity’saccesstosafedrinkingwater,orhelptoprotectvaluablelocalcultures.Youmightalsodesignanadventurechallengetotrainyoungvolunteers.Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally,you’llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalawareness.Youmayhavechancestomeetnewpeoplewho’llbecomeyourlifelongfriends.Thissummerwehaveboth4-weekand7-weekprogrammes:CountrySchedule4-weekprogrammes7-weekprogrammesAlgeria5Jul.—1Aug.20Jun.—7Aug.Egypt24Jul.—20Aug.19Jun.—6Aug.Kenya20Jul.—16Aug.18Jun.—5Aug.SouthAfrica2Aug.—29Aug.15Jun.—2Aug.GDAensuresthatvolunteersworkwithcommunitymembersandlocalprojectpartnerswhereourhelpisneeded.Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities.ThereisnootherchancelikeaGDAprogramme.Joinusasavolunteermanagertodevelopyourownskillswhilebringingbenefitstothecommunities.FindoutmoreaboutjoiningaGDAprogramme:Website:Email:humanresources@21．Whatisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?A．Toseeklocalpartners. B．Totakeinyoungvolunteers.C．Tocarryoutprogrammes. D．Tofosterculturalawareness.22．TheprogrammebeginninginAugustwilloperatein________.A．Egypt B．Algeria C．Kenya D．SouthAfrica23．ThesharedgoalofGDA’sprojectsto________.A．explorenewcultures B．protecttheenvironmentC．gaincorporatebenefit D．helpcommunitiesinneed【答案】21．C

22．D

23．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一則廣告。GlobalDevelopmentAssociation(GDA)致力于樂觀的轉(zhuǎn)變貧困和偏遠(yuǎn)的社區(qū)，在這里能探究新的文化，結(jié)識新伴侶，同時(shí)做一些有價(jià)值的事。文章為GDA招募志愿者并介紹了今年夏天的具體項(xiàng)目。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問管理人員的主要職責(zé)是什么。依據(jù)第三段中Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincrease...,orhelptoproject....Youmightalsodesign...可知，依據(jù)崗位不同，管理人員可以掛念增加小區(qū)的飲用水，可以規(guī)劃地方文化，可以設(shè)計(jì)挑戰(zhàn)項(xiàng)目培訓(xùn)年輕的志愿者，從這些內(nèi)容上可以推斷出其主要職責(zé)是執(zhí)行項(xiàng)目方案。故選C。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問八月份開頭的這個(gè)項(xiàng)目將在哪里開展。依據(jù)這個(gè)表格中4-weekprogrammes中的最終一個(gè)SouthAfrica

2Aug—29Aug，可知八月在南非開頭，答案選D。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干問GDA的全部項(xiàng)目的共同目的是什么。依據(jù)第一段you’llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity.和倒數(shù)其次段中Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities可知，其目標(biāo)就是促進(jìn)偏遠(yuǎn)貧困區(qū)域的進(jìn)展，即掛念有需要的社區(qū)。故選D。B(2022-2023平谷區(qū))AndreaSperanzawantedtobeafirefighterlongbeforeshehadtherightwordforherwish.Afteronechildhoodadventureataconstructionsiteendedwithanironnailembedded(嵌入)inherlegandanemergencycalltothefiredepartment,shefoundherselfinawe.“Astheygavemethemedicaltreatment,Ithought,theycouldhelpeverybodyanddoanything,”saysthenow52-year-old.In2000,Speranzafulfilledherdreamofbecomingafirefighter.Herjobwasexactlyasfulfillingassheimagineditwouldbe,exceptforonething;shestillhadn’tseenanotherwomaninherrole—notinamagazine,notontelevision,notinreallife.Speranzadecidedtohelpyoungwomenseethatthey,too,couldhaveacareerlikehers.TheresultisCampCourage,animmersive(沉醉式的)programforgirlsaged15to19whowanttolearnmoreaboutfirefighting,paramedicineandpolicework.In2006,Speranzawelcomedthefirst17participants.Overthecourse,thegirlsdiscovertheinsandoutsofbeingfirstresponders:learninghowtoputoutfires,deliveringfirstaidandsoon.CampCouragenownunsonesessioneveryyearandisfreetoattend.Tooffset(抵消)costs,Speranzafundraisesbyholdingeverythingfromcarwashestocomedynights.Campersmustsubmitanessaydescribinghowtheyplantohelptheircommunity,oraspecificindividualinneed.Andtheyhavetodeliverontheplan—frombuildingabenchforasenioratabusstoptolaunchingalocalchapteroftheKidsHelpPhone.WhileCampCourageisdesignedtohelpmorewomenbecomefirstresponders,Speranzaalsohasanother,biggerobjectiveinmind:buildingleaders.“Iftheycandeliveramechanicalbabyorclimbahundred-footladder,they’renotgoingtohaveaproblemgoingthroughajobinterview,”saysSperanza.“It’sacompletechangeinmindset,anditworks.”NowhundredsofgirlshavepassedthroughCampCourageandsomeofthemworkasfirstrespondersnow.Speranzafeelsasenseofachievement.Theopportunitytorecruitothergirlstosavelivesalongsideherkeepshergoing.It’snotevenmeasurable.24.WhatinspiredSperanzatobecomeafirefighter?A.Herdreamnow. B.Achildhoodaccident.C.Thelackoffemalefirefighters. D.Afirefighter’sencouragement.25.WhydidSperanzadecidetostartCampCourage?A.Totrainthegirlstotakethefirstaidcourse.B.Tocompleteanimmersiveprogramaboutfirefighting.C.Toassistmorefemalestotakeupsomejobslikehers.D.Tomotivatemorefemalestostandontheirownfeetinthefuture.26.WhatdocampershavetodotopassthroughCampCourage?A.Raisemoneytopayoffthecost.B.Submitanessayanddeliveraspeech.CBuildabenchforthedisabledatabusstop.D.Handinaplanandthenputitintoaction.【答案】24.B25.C26.D【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，文章主要敘述了加拿大的一位女性消防員AndreaSperanza，由于自己所在的領(lǐng)域女性很少，她創(chuàng)辦了“士氣營”，掛念很多女性成為消防和急救人員。24細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中“Afteronechildhoodadventureataconstructionsiteendedwithanironnailembedded(嵌入)inherlegandanemergencycalltothefiredepartment,shefoundherselfinawe.“Astheygavemethemedicaltreatment,Ithought,theycouldhelpeverybodyanddoanything,”saysthenow52-year-old.(童年時(shí)，她在建筑工地經(jīng)受了一次冒險(xiǎn)，結(jié)果腿上嵌了一顆鐵釘，她給消防部門打了緊急電話，這讓她感到敬畏?！爱?dāng)他們給我治療時(shí)，我想，他們可以掛念全部人，做任何事情，”現(xiàn)年52歲的她說)”可知，童年的一次意外經(jīng)受使她想成為一名消防員。故選B。25細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中“Speranzadecidedtohelpyoungwomenseethatthey,too,couldhaveacareerlikehers.(Speranza打算掛念年輕女性生疏到，她們也可以擁有像她一樣的事業(yè))”以及第三段中“TheresultisCampCourage,animmersive(沉醉式的)programforgirlsaged15to19whowanttolearnmoreaboutfirefighting,paramedicineandpolicework.(其結(jié)果就是“士氣營”，這是一個(gè)面對15至19歲的女孩的沉醉式項(xiàng)目，她們想要了解更多關(guān)于消防、醫(yī)療護(hù)理和警察工作的學(xué)問)”可知，Speranza創(chuàng)辦“士氣營”是掛念更多的女性從事像她這樣的工作。故選C。26細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中“Campersmustsubmitanessaydescribinghowtheyplantohelptheircommunity,oraspecificindividualinneed.Andtheyhavetodeliverontheplan—frombuildingabenchforasenioratabusstoptolaunchingalocalchapteroftheKidsHelpPhone.(營員必需提交一篇短文，描述他們方案如何掛念他們的社區(qū)，或有需要的特定個(gè)人。他們必需實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)方案——從在公交車站為一位老人建一張長椅，到在當(dāng)?shù)爻闪⒁粋€(gè)兒童掛念電話分會)”可知，營員們需要提交一份方案，然后付諸行動才能通過士氣營。故選D。C(2023房山區(qū))Plantsneedsunlightforphotosynthesis(光合作用),theprocessofabsorbingenergyfromlighttocreatetheirownfoodfromcarbondioxideandwater.That’swhyplantsgrowandthriveinthewarmermonthswhenthereismoredaylightandaredormantinthecoldermonths.Butthisprocessisn’tparticularlyefficientandonlyonepercentoftheenergycontainedinsunlightactuallyendsupintheplant,accordingtoanewsreleasefromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside.Nowscientistsattheuniversityhavefoundawaytobypasstheneedfornaturalphotosynthesisandtocreatefoodbyusingartificialphotosynthesis.Thisallowsplantstogrowincompletedarkness.“Withourapproachwesoughttoidentifyanewwayofproducingfoodthatcouldbreakthroughthelimitsnormallyimposedbybiologicalphotosynthesis,”correspondingauthorRobertJinkerson,aUCRassistantprofessorofchemicalandenvironmentalengineeringsaidinthenewsrelease.Theresearchersdevotedtoartificialphotosynthesisusedatwo-stepelectrocatalytic(電催化)processtoconventCO2,water,andelectricityintoacetate(醋酸鹽)—themainingredientofvinegar—thattheplantorganismsconsumedtogrow.Theresearchersadjustedtheelectrolyzer,adevicethatuseselectricitytosupportthegrowthoffoodproducingorganisms.tocomeupwiththehighestlevelsofacetateeverproducedbythismethod.Thenewartificialphotosynthesismethodcouldbeupto18timesmoreefficientthansunlight.Experimentsshowedthatalargerangeoffoodproducingorganismscouldbegrownusingthisacetate.“Wewereabletogrowfoodproducingorganismswithoutanycontributionsfrombiologicalphotosynthesis,”saidElizabethHann,adoctoralcandidateintheJinkersonlabandco-leadauthorofthestudy.“Thistechnologyisamoreefficientmethodofturningsolarenergyintofood,ascomparedtofoodproductionthatrelicsonbiologicalphotosynthesis,”shesaid.Byeliminatingtheneedforsunlight,hepotentialofthismethodtoincreasefoodsupplyinregionswithless-thanidealgrowingconditionsisalmostendless,accordingtoNewAtlas.Foodwillbeabletobegrownalmostanywhere,includinginspaceandonotherplanets.“ImaginesomedaygiantvesselsgrowingtomatoplantsinthedarkandonMars—howmucheasierwouldthatbeforfutureMartians?”co-authorMarthaOrozco-Cárdenas,directoroftheUCRPlantTransformationResearchCentersaid.Whilethismaybeyearsoff,thepotentialtogrowfoodusingartificialphotosynthesishasgreatvalueinfeedingahungryplacewherethepopulationisgrowingandarablelandshrinking.Thisnewmethodincreasestheefficiencyoffoodproductionusinglesslandandminimizestheenvironmentalimpactontheplanet.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dormant”inParagraph1mostprobablymean?A.Fresh. B.Resting. C.Healthy. D.Normal.28.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theprocessofartificialphotosynthesis.B.Thecontributionofnaturalphotosynthesis.C.Theefficiencyofsunlightonplantorganisms.D.Thewiderangeofapplicationsofartificialphotosynthesis.29.AccordingtoMarthaOrozco-Cárdenas,artificialphotosynthesisis.A.accurate B.dangerous C.promising D.impractical30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Biologicalphotosynthesiscanhelpproducehigherqualityfood.B.Biologicalphotosynthesisismoreefficientinturningsolarenergyintofood.C.Usingartificialphotosynthesismaydecreasetheefficiencyoffoodproduction.D.Usingartificialphotosynthesistogrowfoodcanreduceenvironmentalinfluence.【答案】27.B28.A29.C30.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人工光合作用的過程以及樂觀效果。27詞句猜想題。依據(jù)劃線詞上文“That’swhyplantsgrowandthriveinthewarmermonthswhenthereismoredaylight(這就是為什么植物在暖和的月份生長和健壯成長)”以及后文“inthecoldermonths”結(jié)合常識，可知，植物在陽光充分的暖和月份生長茂密，而在寒冷的月份休眠。故劃線詞意思是“休息的”。故選B。28主旨大意題。依據(jù)第三段“Theresearchersdevotedtoartificialphotosynthesisusedatwo-stepelectrocatalytic(電催化)processtoconventCO2,water,andelectricityintoacetate(醋酸鹽)—themainingredientofvinegar—thattheplantorganismsconsumedtogrow.Theresearchersadjustedtheelectrolyzer,adevicethatuseselectricitytosupportthegrowthoffoodproducingorganisms.tocomeupwiththehighestlevelsofacetateeverproducedbythismethod.(致力于人工光合作用的爭辯人員使用兩步電催化過程將二氧化碳、水和電轉(zhuǎn)化為醋酸鹽——醋的主要成分——植物有機(jī)體消耗醋酸來生長。爭辯人員調(diào)整了電解槽，這是一種利用電力來支持食物生產(chǎn)生物生長的設(shè)備。用這種方法生產(chǎn)出了最高水平的醋酸鹽)”可知，第三段的主要內(nèi)容是人工光合作用的過程。故選A。29推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段“Foodwillbeabletobegrownalmostanywhere,includinginspaceandonotherplanets.“ImaginesomedaygiantvesselsgrowingtomatoplantsinthedarkandonMars—howmucheasierwouldthatbeforfutureMartians?”co-authorMarthaOrozco-Cárdenas,directoroftheUCRPlantTransformationResearchCentersaid.(食物幾乎可以在任何地方種植，包括在太空和其他星球上?！跋胂笠幌?，有一天，巨大的容器在黑暗中在火星上種植番茄——這對將來的火星人來說會簡潔多少？”UCR植物轉(zhuǎn)化爭辯中心主任MarthaOrozco-Cárdenas說)”可知，MarthaOrozco-Cárdenas認(rèn)為人工光合作用是有期望的。故選C。30細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段“Thisnewmethodincreasestheefficiencyoffoodproductionusinglesslandandminimizestheenvironmentalimpactontheplanet.(這種新方法使用更少的土地提高了糧食生產(chǎn)的效率，并最大限度地削減了對地球環(huán)境的影響)”可知，利用人工光合作用種植食物可以削減對環(huán)境的影響。故選D。D（2022·北京·北京八十中?？既＃￤henIgivepubliclecturesabouttheclimatecrisis,themostcommonquestionpeopleposeis:“Areyouanoptimistorapessimist?”Myanswerisyes.Californiahasachieveddramaticemissionsreductionsinathrivingeconomy,whichmakesmehopeful,yetingeneralthefossil-fuelindustryisdeterminednottochange.Thesecondmostcommonquestionis:“WhatcanI,personally,do?”That’satoughone.Themajordriversofclimatechangearecollectiveenterprisessuchaspowergrids,industry,large-scaleagricultureandtransportationsystems.Substantialemissionsreductionsinthesesettingsmostlikelywillnotcomefrompersonalactions;theywillcomefromlawsandpoliciessuchascarbon-pricingsystems,revisedbuildingcodesandsupportsforgreeninvestment.Somepeoplehavearguedthatcallsforindividualactionactuallydistractusfromcorporateresponsibility.Thatcouldexplainwhythefossil-fuelindustryisfondofsuchrequests.OilgiantBPpopularizedandpromotedtheideaofacarbonfootprint,deflectingattentiontoitscustomerswho,itsuggests,shouldtakepersonalresponsibilitybyloweringtheircarbonfootprints.Onestudyfoundthatfocusingonindividualactivityactuallyunderminessupportformoreeffectivepolicyinitiativessuchasacarbontax.Anotherproblemwithpersonalbehavioristhatpeopledonotliketobetoldwhattodo.Yetindividualactscangrowintoinfluentialgroupactivity.Oneeffectiveact,andonethatcanbeamplified,istoeatlessredmeat.CuttingmeatconsumptionisapowerfulandpersonalthingmostAmericanscandototackletheclimatecrisis,andtheycandoitimmediately.About40percentofgreenhousegasescomefromagriculture,deforestationandotherland-usechanges.Meat—particularlybeef—drivesclimatechangeintwoways:first,throughcows’emissionofmethane,apotentgreenhousegas,andsecond,bydestroyingforestsastheyareconvertedtograzinglandtosatisfytheglobaldemandforbeef.Byeatinglessbeef,wecanstarttodecreasethatdemand.Youdonothavetobecomeavegantodothis.IfeverypersonintheU.S.cuttheirmeatconsumptionby25percent,itwouldreduceannualgreenhousegasemissionsby1percent.Thatmightnotsoundlikealot,butitwouldhelpprotecttherainforest,sothepositiveeffects—includingreducedwaterandfertilizeruse,improvedbiodiversityandsafeguardedrightsofindigenouspeoples—wouldbeamplified.Perhapsmostimportant,socialactioniscontagious—inagoodway.Iflotsofusbegintoeatlessmeatandifwetalkaboutitconstructively,wewilllikelyinfluenceothers.Prettysoonthe1percentreductionbecomes2percentormore.Reduceddemandformeatcouldmotivatemylocalsupermarkettocarrybetterproduce,makingiteasierformeandmyneighborstoprepareafewmoresatisfyingmeat-freemeals.Ultimatelychangesindemandwillinfluenceindustry.Fortyyearsagofewmainstreamsupermarketscarriedorganicproducts;nownearlyalldo.Consumerdemanddidthat.Cuttingbackonredmeatalsohastheaddedbenefitofbeinggoodforyourhealth.SowhileIwouldn’tadvisegovernmentstoorderpeopletostopeatinghamburgers,ifanyoneasks,“WhatcanIdo?”asimpleandaccurateansweris:“Eatlessmeat.It’sinyourcontrol,andyoucanbeginrightnow.Itbenefitsbothyouandtheplanet.”31．Whichoneplaysthemostdecisiveroleinemissionsreductionsaccordingtothepassage?A．Individualactions. B．Fossil-fuelindustries.C．Thethrivingeconomy. D．Effectivelawsandpolicies.32．Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?A．Indigenouspeoplesturnforestsintograzingland.B．Meatisconsideredasthebiggestdriverofclimatechange.C．Smallindividualactscanmakeabigdifferencecollectively.D．MostAmericanshavetobecomeveganstotackletheclimatecrisis.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contagious”inParagraph6mean?A．Appealing. B．Poisonous. C．Harmonious. D．Spreading.34．Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorwritingthispassage？A．Toexplainwaystoreducecarbonfootprint.B．Topersuadepeopletocutmeatconsumption.C．Toevaluatetheeffectsofhealthyeatinghabits.D．Toargueagainsttheemissionpoliciesofindustries.【答案】31．D

32．C

33．D

34．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了通過個(gè)人的努力，也可以為削減碳腳印?????貢獻(xiàn)自己的力氣。31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段“theywillcomefromlawsandpoliciessuchascarbon-pricingsystems,revisedbuildingcodesandsupportsforgreeninvestment.(它們將來自法律和政策，如碳定價(jià)體系、修訂的建筑法規(guī)和對綠色投資的支持。)”可知，有效的法律和政策在減排中起打算性作用。故選D。32．推理推斷題。依據(jù)第五段“Yetindividualactscangrowintoinfluentialgroupactivity.(然而，個(gè)人行為可以進(jìn)展成有影響力的群體活動。)”及下文所舉少吃肉的例子可推斷，小的個(gè)人行為可以產(chǎn)生大的影響。故選C。33．詞句猜想題。依據(jù)劃線詞后文“Reduceddemandformeatcouldmotivatemylocalsupermarkettocarrybetterproduce,makingiteasierformeandmyneighborstoprepareafewmoresatisfyingmeat-freemeals.(假如我們很多人開頭少吃肉，假如我們建設(shè)性地談?wù)撍?，我們很可能會影響其他人。很快?%的削減就變成了2%或更多。)”可知，社會行動具有傳染性。所以contagious為“感染性的；傳播性的”之意。故選D。34．推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“SowhileIwouldn’tadvisegovernmentstoorderpeopletostopeatinghamburgers,ifanyoneasks,“WhatcanIdo?”asimpleandaccurateansweris:“Eatlessmeat.It’sinyourcontrol,andyoucanbeginrightnow.Itbenefitsbothyouandtheplanet.”(所以，雖然我不會建議政府下令人們停止吃漢堡包，但假如有人問：“我能做什么?”一個(gè)簡潔而精確?????的回答是:“少吃肉?！币磺卸荚谀愕恼瓶刂校悻F(xiàn)在就可以開頭。這對你和地球都有好處?！?”及全文可推斷，作者寫這篇文章的目的是解釋如何通過個(gè)人努力削減碳腳印?????的方法。故選A。其次節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。(2022-2023平谷區(qū))Coralreefsaretherainforestsoftheocean.Theyexistonvastscalesandareequallyimportanthavensofbiodiversity.Reefsoccupy0.1%oftheoceans.____35____Coralsareusefultopeople.Withouttheprotectionwhichreefsaffordfromcrashingwaves,low-lyingislandssuchastheMaldiveswouldhavefloodedlongago,andabillionpeoplewouldlosefoodorincome.However,reefsareunderthreatfromrisingseatemperatures.Heatcausesthealgae(海藻)withwhichcoralsarelivingtogethertogeneratetoxins(毒素)thatforcethosecoraltoleave.____36____Researchgroupsaroundtheworldarecomingupwithplansofactiontoseeifthatwillhelp,suchasidentifyingnaturallyheat-resistantcoralsandcross-breedingsuchcoralstocreateanewtype.____37____Withoutcarbonreductionanddeclineinlocal,coral-killingpollution,evenresistantcoralswillnotsurvivethecentury.Doubtersdoubthumanitywillgetitsacttogetherintimetomakemuchdifference.____38____Carbontargetsarebeingsetandoceanpollutio