UNIT3CAREERSANDSKILLS詞匯詳解課件高中英語牛津譯林版（2020）選擇性必修第四冊

牛津英語單元詞匯詳解選擇性必修四Unit3Careersandskills1.salary/?s?l?ri/n.薪金，薪水（30）【原句背誦】Ifyouwereaskedthequestion,“Doyouworktoliveorlivetowork?”whatwouldyouranswerbe?Somemightsaythatweworkbecausewehaveto,notleastbecauseweneedthesalarythatenablesustobefinanciallyindependent.【聯(lián)想拓展】anannualsalaryof$400004萬美元的年薪a9%salaryincrease/rasie加薪9%monthlysalary月薪grosssalary工資總額salarymann.上班族salarycap工資上限【經(jīng)典例句】Igotafantasticnewjobandmysalarytripled.我得到了一份極好的新工作，我的薪水是原來的三倍。Asatoplawyer,hecanexpecttocommandasix-figuresalary.作為首屈一指的律師，他可望拿到六位數(shù)的薪資。Thejobisgreatintermsofsalary,butithasitsdisadvantages.就薪金而言，這個工作倒是挺不錯的，但也有一些不利之處。2.labour/?le?b?(r)/n.勞動，（尤指）體力勞動；分娩期，分娩vi.努力做；干苦力活（30）

labourforce（全公司或全國的）勞動力（30）【原句背誦】Itiscertainlytruethatmostofusdojointhelabourforceonceourstudiesarecompleted.【聯(lián)想拓展】labor=labourlabourforcen.勞動力manuallabour(=workusingyourhands)體力勞動ashortageoflabour勞動力的短缺labourern.勞動者；勞工Labour（abbr.Lab）英國工黨labourforv.努力爭取【經(jīng)典例句】Wehaveaproblemofskilledlabour.我們?nèi)鄙偈炀毠ぁepairsinvolveskilledlabour,whichcanbeexpensive.修理需要熟練技工，人工費會很昂貴。Thecompanywantstokeepdownlabourcosts.公司想保持低勞動成本。ScientistslabouredformonthstounravelthemysteriesofNeptuneandstillremainbaffled（迷惑）.科學家們?yōu)榻议_海王星之謎艱難地工作了數(shù)月，但依然迷惑不解?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?015四川卷）Mothershavelongknownthattheirhomeworkloadwasjustasheavyaspaidwork.Now,thenewstudyhasshownthatiftheywerepaidfortheirparentallabours,theywouldearnasmuchas$172,000ayear.母親們很早就知道，她們的家庭工作量和有償工作一樣沉重?，F(xiàn)在，新的研究表明，如果他們?yōu)楦改傅膭趧又Ц秷蟪辏麄兠磕陮①嵢《噙_17.2萬美元。3.*gear/ɡ??(r)/vt.使適用于n.排擋；齒輪；傳動裝置（30）【原句背誦】Indeed,itcouldbearguedthatoureducationisgearedtowardspreparingusforalifeofwork.【聯(lián)想拓展】gearsthto/towards(doing)sth使與…相適應(yīng)；使適合于gearup(for/tosth)/gearsb/sthup(for/tosth)（使）為…作好準備reversegear倒擋low/highgear低速╱高速擋tochange/shiftgear換擋【經(jīng)典例句】Thecoursehadbeengearedtowardsthespecificneedsofitsmembers.課程已作調(diào)整，以滿足學員的特別需要。Mytrainingwasgearedtowardwinninggold.我的訓練是為贏得金牌去規(guī)劃的。Carelessuseoftheclutch（離合器）maydamagethegears.離合器使用不當可能會損壞傳動裝置。4.earnaliving謀生（30）【原句背誦】However,earningalivingisbynomeanstheonlyreasonwhywework—thereareotherimportantreasonsthatmotivateustoentertheworldofwork.【聯(lián)想拓展】earnafortune賺大錢earnagoodmark得到贊揚earnanincome賺取收入makealiving謀生；維持生活【經(jīng)典例句】Firstyoushouldconsiderhowtoequipyourselftoearnaliving.首先你應(yīng)該考慮如何讓自己有能力謀生。Schoolleaversfacesomuchcompetitionthattheyseldomcarewhattheydoaslongastheycanearnaliving.畢業(yè)生面臨著十分激烈的競爭，以至于只要能以謀生，他們就很少關(guān)心做什么工作。5.attain/??te?n/vt.達到；獲得（30）【原句背誦】Throughtheworkwedo,ourgoalscanbeattainedandourdreamsachieved.【聯(lián)想拓展】attainmentn.達到，獲得；成就，造詣attainableadj.可得到的；可達到的；可到達的unattainableadj.做不到的；難到達的【經(jīng)典例句】Areyoucourageousenoughtoattainthatgoalthatyouset?你有足夠的膽量來實現(xiàn)你所制定的目標嗎？Studentswithhighhopesetthemselveshighergoalsandknowhowtoworktoattainthem.被寄予厚望的學生為自己設(shè)定更高的目標，并知道如何努力實現(xiàn)這些目標。Thegascanbestoredunderpressureandattaintorecovertheenergy.這種氣體可以在壓力下儲存，以恢復能量。6.*endeavor/?n‘dev?/vi.努力，盡力n.努力，嘗試（30）【原句背誦】HenryDavidThoreausaid,“…ifoneadvancesconfidentlyinthedirectionofhisdreams,andendeavorstolivethelifewhichhehasimagined,hewillmeetwithasuccessunexpectedincommonhours.”【聯(lián)想拓展】endeavor=endeadourmakeanendeavortodosth盡力做某事advancesinthefieldofscientificendeavour在科學探索領(lǐng)域的進步endeavourfor盡力endeavourtoperfectone'sskill努力鉆研技術(shù)【經(jīng)典例句】Pleasemakeeveryendeavourtoarriveontime.請盡全力按時到達。Themanagerisexpectedtousehisorherbestendeavourstopromotetheartist'scareer.經(jīng)紀人應(yīng)以最大的努力來推動其演藝人的事業(yè)發(fā)展。Iwillendeavourtodomybestformycountry.我將竭盡全力報效祖國。7.passion/?p??(?)n/n.強烈感情；酷愛（30）【原句背誦】YangLiwei,forexample,drivenbyhispassionforflying,becameapilotandthenChina’sfirstastronautinspace.【聯(lián)想拓展】haveapassionfor對…有強烈的愛好passionateadj.熱誠的，狂熱的；熱戀的，情意綿綿的；易怒的passionatelyadv.熱情地；強烈地；激昂地【經(jīng)典例句】Thechemistsaysshealwayshasapassionforscience.這位化學家說她對科學一直很有熱情。Hehasdevelopedaconsumingpassionforchess.他對國際象棋已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣。Musicisapassionwithhim.他對音樂情有獨鐘?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?019江蘇卷）Musicwashistruepassion,thoughhehadneverperformedoutsidethefamily.音樂是他真正的激情所在，盡管他從未在家庭之外表演過。（2017全國卷I）Since1962,PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassion(熱情)fordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience,mathandtechnology.自1962年以來，太平洋科學中心一直激發(fā)著人們對科學、數(shù)學和技術(shù)的探索和終身學習的熱情。8.fond/f?nd/adj.喜愛（30）

befondof喜愛（30）【原句背誦】Whereverourinterestsmaylieandwhateverourcareerchoicesmightbe,workallowsustheopportunitytobeengagedinsomethingwearefondof,andconsequently,itcangiveusagreatsenseofachievementandsatisfaction.【聯(lián)想拓展】fondnessn.愛好；溺愛fondlyadv.天真地；憐愛地；溫柔地【經(jīng)典例句】IusedtoliveinYorkandI'mstillfondoftheplace.我曾住在約克郡，現(xiàn)在仍然喜歡那里。I'vealwaysbeenfondofpoetryandonepiecehasalwaysstuckinmymind.我一直喜歡詩歌，有一首詩一直被我銘記于心?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?013江蘇卷）OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodiles,bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.侏羅紀海洋的特征之一是有大量的大型鯊魚和鱷魚，它們都喜歡吃魚龍的午餐。9.anticipate/?n?t?s?pe?t/vt.預(yù)計（并做準備）；預(yù)料（31）【原句背誦】Twentyyearsago,positionsinsocialtechnologiesorenergyefficiencydidnotevenexist,anditisdifficulttoanticipatethenewpositionswhichwillemergetwentyyearsfromnow.【聯(lián)想拓展】anticipatedoingsth/anticipatesthdoingsth期盼；期望anticipationn.預(yù)期，預(yù)料；期盼，期望inanticipationofsth期待著；預(yù)計到anticipatoryadj.預(yù)期的；提早發(fā)生的；期待著的【警示誤區(qū)】anticipate后常接doing(sth)作賓語，一般不能接todo(sth)。使用時要注意！Theyanticipatemovingtobiggerpremises（場所）bytheendoftheyear.他們預(yù)期年底前遷入較大的經(jīng)營場址?！窘?jīng)典例句】Therearesomethingsinlifewejustcan'tanticipate.生活中有些事使我們無法預(yù)料的。Weanticipatethatadditionalfundingwillberequired.我們預(yù)期，更多的救援資金將是必不可少的。Tryandanticipatewhattheinterviewerswillask.盡量設(shè)想面試主持者會提出什么問題。Imaginationisafaculty（能力）thatsomepeopleusetoanticipatefutureeventsintheirlives.想象力是一些人用來預(yù)測生活中未來事件的能力。10.*statusquo/?ste?t?s?kw??/n.現(xiàn)狀，原來的狀況（31）【原句背誦】However,itiscertainthatnoonecanaffordtobesatisfiedwiththestatusquo.11.superior/su??p??ri?(r)/adj.好的，占優(yōu)勢的n.級別（或地位、職位）更高的人（31）12.prejudice/?pred?ud?s/n.偏見，成見（31）【原句背誦】Inasuccessful,stableandproductivesociety,alljobsareequallyimportantandnooneissuperiortoanother,soweshouldnothaveprejudiceagainstanyofthem.【聯(lián)想拓展】besuperiortosb/sth（在品質(zhì)上）更好的；占優(yōu)勢；更勝一籌besuperior(tosb)（在級別、重要性或職位上）更高的besuperiorin在…方面優(yōu)越superiorintelligence更強的智力superiorlyadv.超越其他地；卓越地superiorityn.優(yōu)越，優(yōu)勢；優(yōu)越感，驕傲自大prejudice(againstsb/sth)偏見；成見withoutprejudice無偏見racialprejudice種族偏見PrideandPrejudice《傲慢與偏見》prejudicedadj.懷偏見的；有成見的；偏頗的【反義詞】superior的反義詞是inferioradj.較差的；低等的，下級的【警示誤區(qū)】在besuperiorto中，介詞to一般不用than替換。類似用法beinferiorto,beseniorto,bejuniorto等。【經(jīng)典例句】Thismodelistechnicallysuperiortoitscompetitors.這一款式在技術(shù)上超過了與之競爭的產(chǎn)品。Wehavearelationshipinfinitelysuperiortothoseofmanyofourfriends.我們之間的關(guān)系遠比我們許多朋友之間的關(guān)系好得多。Thereiswidespreadprejudiceagainstworkersover45.對年齡超過45歲的工人有普遍的偏見。ImustadmittoaprejudiceinfavourofBritishuniversities.我得承認我對英國大學有所偏愛。Therewasadeep-rootedracialprejudicelongbeforethetwocountrieswenttowar.早在兩國交戰(zhàn)之前就有了根深蒂固的種族偏見。Thereportwasheldbackforfearofprejudicinghistrial.因為擔心會使他的審判帶有偏見，該報告沒有公開?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?021天津卷）Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.詩人兼哲學家的醫(yī)生是一個優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生，他能給病人的不僅僅是良好的醫(yī)療技能。（2014山東卷）Shewasbornaslaveandremainedaslavefornearlythirtyyears.Shecouldneitherreadnorwrite,yetinherownsphereshehadnosuperiororequal.她生下來就是奴隸，而且當了將近三十年的奴隸。她既不會讀也不會寫，然而在她自己的圈子里，卻沒有人比她強，也沒有人比得上她。（2015廣東卷）ThissuggeststhatBritishattitudestowardsaccenthavedeeprootsandarebasedonclassprejudice.這表明英國人對口音的態(tài)度根深蒂固，是基于階級偏見的。13.lawyer/?l???(r)/n.律師（31）14.servant/?s??v?nt/n.雇員，職員；仆人（31）publicservant公務(wù)員，公職人員（31）15.consultant/k?n?s?lt?nt/n.顧問；會診醫(yī)師（31）16.clerk/klɑ?k/n.職員，簿記員，文書vi.當職員（或文書、書記員）

（31）17.receptionist/r??sep??n?st/n.接待員（31）18.respective/r??spekt?v/adj.分別的，各自的（31）【原句背誦】Whetherwearescientists,lawyers,doctors,publicservants,consultants,clerks,receptionistsorbutchers,weallmakeourrespectivecontributions.【聯(lián)想拓展】lawn.法律（體系）；法令，法規(guī)；規(guī)律，法則

consultv.咨詢，請教；商討；當顧問receptionn.接待處，服務(wù)臺；歡迎會，招待會therespectiverolesofmenandwomeninsociety男女在社會中各自的角色respectivelyadv.分別地，依次地【經(jīng)典例句】Sheisaconsultanttothegovernment.她是政府顧問。Haveyouconsultedyourlawyeraboutthis?你就此事咨詢過你的律師嗎？Theyareeachrecognizedspecialistsintheirrespectivefields.他們在各自的領(lǐng)域都被視為專家。SteveandIwereatverydifferentstagesinourrespectivecareers.史蒂夫和我處在各自事業(yè)的迥然不同的階段?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?019北京卷）Atthisyear'sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman–soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.在今年的I/O大會(I/OConference)上，一家公司展示了一種新的語音技術(shù)，這種技術(shù)能夠產(chǎn)生令人信服的人聲，以至于它能夠與接待員交談并在不被發(fā)現(xiàn)的情況下預(yù)訂房間。19.zone/z??n/n.地區(qū)；區(qū)域（31）comfortzone舒適區(qū)，放松區(qū)（31）【原句背誦】Moreover,therearepeoplewhochoosetostepoutoftheircomfortzoneandcommitthemselvestoworkingforthebenefitofothers.【聯(lián)想拓展】developmentzone開發(fā)區(qū)economiczone經(jīng)濟特區(qū)；經(jīng)濟圈；經(jīng)濟地帶industrialzone工業(yè)區(qū)economicdevelopmentzone經(jīng)濟開發(fā)區(qū)specialeconomiczone(sez)經(jīng)濟特區(qū)awar/security/demilitarized,etc.zone交戰(zhàn)區(qū)、安全區(qū)、非軍事區(qū)等anearthquake/danger,etc.zone地震帶、危險地帶等apedestrianzone(=wherevehiclesmaynotgo)步行區(qū)【經(jīng)典例句】Whatpreventsusfromgettingoutofourcomfortzone?是什么阻止了我們從舒適的小窩里走出來？20.operate/??p?re?t/vt.操作，使運行vi.運轉(zhuǎn)，工作（33）【原句背誦】Besides,moreimportancewillbeattachedto“softskills”.Currently,aheavyfocusisputontrainingin“hardskills”,suchasmachineoperatingandsoftwareprogramming.【聯(lián)想拓展】operationn.運作，實施；運轉(zhuǎn)，操作；手術(shù)；（有組織的）活動，行動operatorn.（設(shè)備、機器的）操作員；經(jīng)營者；精明圓滑的人，善于取巧的人operatingadj.（機器、車輛、裝置等）操作的，運作的；（企業(yè)、部門等）經(jīng)營的，管理的【熟詞生義】operate作“動手術(shù)”時，常用operate(onsb)(forsth)。InMarch2020,surgeonsoperatedonMaxforabrainaneurysm（動脈瘤）.2020年3月，外科醫(yī)生們?yōu)轳R克斯做了腦部動脈瘤手術(shù)?！窘?jīng)典例句】Whatskillsareneededtooperatethismachinery?操作這種機器需要什么技能？Solarpanelscanonlyoperateinsunlight.太陽能電池板只能在日光下起作用。【鏈接高考】（2015湖北卷）Loeisamasterfoodpreserver,gardenerandcanningexpert.Shealsooperatesawebsite,wheresheshareshertipsandrecipes,withthegoalofdemonstratingthateveryonehastheabilitytocontrolwhat’sontheirplate.洛奧是食物保存大師、園丁和罐頭專家。她還經(jīng)營著一個網(wǎng)站，在那里她分享自己的秘訣和食譜，目的是證明每個人都有能力控制自己盤子里的食物。（2014江西卷）ORBISisaninternationalnon-profitorganizationwhichoperatestheworld’sonlyflyingteachingeyehospital.

ORBIS是一家國際非盈利組織，運營著世界上唯一的飛行教學眼科醫(yī)院。

21.hire/?ha??(r)/vt.&vi.聘用，雇用；租用n.新雇員；租借（33）22.leadership/?li?d???p/n.領(lǐng)導應(yīng)有的品質(zhì)；領(lǐng)導地位（33）【原句背誦】However,inthefuture,employerswilllooktohirepeoplewhoarereadyandabletolearn.Asaresult,employeeswillneedto(5)attainexcellentsoftskillssuchcommunication,cooperationandleadership.【聯(lián)想拓展】tohireacar/room/video租汽車╱房間╱錄像帶tohirealawyer聘請律師hiresth

out出租某物hireyourselfout(tosb)為（某人）工作；受聘于；受雇于forhire/rent供出租onhire/rent出租的；雇用bicyclesforhire,￡2anhour自行車出租，每小時2英鎊leadershipqualities/skills領(lǐng)導的素質(zhì)╱技巧leadershipteam領(lǐng)導團隊underone’sleadership/undertheleadershipof在…的領(lǐng)導下【同義詞】hire的同義詞可以用employ,rent等?！痉戳x詞】hire的反義詞可以用fire,dismiss等?！窘?jīng)典例句】Jessicawashiredthreeyearsago.杰西卡是三年前錄用的。Theyhiredafirmofconsultantstodesignthenewsystem.他們請了一家咨詢公司來設(shè)計新的系統(tǒng)。Sixteenofthecontestantshavehiredlawyersandaresuing（控訴）

theorganizers.參賽者中有16人已經(jīng)聘了律師，正在起訴主辦方。HelmetswillbeavailableforhireatallZhangjiakouResortskiareas.在張家口假村的所有滑雪場里都有頭盔供出租。Strongleadershipisneededtocaptaintheteam.擔任這個隊的隊長需要強有力的領(lǐng)導才能。Thepartythrived（興旺，繁榮）underhisleadership.這個黨在他的領(lǐng)導下興旺起來?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?020山東卷）Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.電影開始前，每個婦女都被要求吃一份點心。研究人員雇傭的一名演員先搶了她的食物。（2018北京卷）Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.在所有的項目中，團隊合作是關(guān)鍵，因為受訓人員了解到領(lǐng)導能力和參與更大任務(wù)的重要性。23.weighup權(quán)衡，斟酌（34）【原句背誦】Youmayhaveabrilliantidea,butbeforeyoudecidetoputitintoaction,itiswisetoweighuptheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthisoption.【聯(lián)想拓展】weighonsb/sth加重…的思想負擔；使焦慮不安；使擔憂weighup權(quán)衡；估量；稱weighin加入比賽；比賽前量體重；參加辯論weighsbdown使煩惱；使焦慮；使憂心忡忡weighoutv.稱出weighone’swords推敲；斟酌字句【經(jīng)典例句】Sheweighedupalltheevidence.她慎重地考慮了所有的證據(jù)。Iweighedthebenefitsoftheplanagainsttherisksinvolved.我認真權(quán)衡了這個計劃的優(yōu)點和有關(guān)的風險。IthinkthatwhateverproblemsBrazil'sfacingnow—thesamewillbetrueforanycountry—youhavetoweighuptheprosandcons.我認為，不管巴西現(xiàn)在面臨什么問題——對任何國家來說都是如此——你都必須權(quán)衡利弊。24.receipt/r??si?t/n.收到的款項，收入；收據(jù)（34）【原句背誦】Forexample,youshouldlearntosharpenyourleadershipskillsandmotivateyouremployees,ortodevelopyourfinancialmanagementskillsandkeeptrackofallyourreceiptsandpayments.【聯(lián)想拓展】tomakeout(=write)areceipt寫收據(jù)net/grossreceipts凈收入；總收入onreceiptof在收到…后inreceiptof已收到…【經(jīng)典例句】Iwroteherareceiptforthemoney.我為那筆錢給她開了張收據(jù)。Hewastallying（理貨；計數(shù)）theday'sreceipts.他正在結(jié)算當天的收入。Thegoodswillbedispatched（發(fā)送）onreceiptofanorderform.訂單一到即發(fā)貨。25.commercial/k??m???l/adj.商業(yè)的，貿(mào)易的；盈利的；商業(yè)性的（24）【原句背誦】Anotheradvantageisthatyouwillbeabletobetterprovideforyourselfandyourfamily,oreventheeconomywillbenefitifyouachievecommercialsuccess.【聯(lián)想拓展】thecommercialheartofthecity城市的商業(yè)中心commerciallyadv.商業(yè)上；通商上commercen.貿(mào)易，商業(yè)commercializev.使商業(yè)化；使商品化commercializationn.商品化，商業(yè)化【經(jīng)典例句】There'safeelingamongalotofpeoplethatmusichasbecometoocommercial.許多人都感到音樂已變得太商業(yè)化了。Thecompanyhasindeedbecomemorecommercialoverthepastdecade.

這個公司在過去的十年里確實已變得越來越商業(yè)化了。ConservationistsinChileareconcernedovertheeffectofcommercialexploitationofforests.智利的自然保護者對森林商業(yè)化開發(fā)的后果感到擔憂?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?020天津卷）Forthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet,soundcannowcreatesilence.Let’ssayyouareattheairport,andthelittleboyontheseatnexttoyouishumming(哼唱)ashortcommercialsong.對于那些渴望和平和安靜的人來說，聲音現(xiàn)在可以創(chuàng)造安靜。假設(shè)你在機場，你旁邊的座位上的小男孩哼著一首簡短的商業(yè)歌曲。（2018北京卷）Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethylene（聚乙烯）shoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.研究小組將100只蠟蟲放在一個商用聚乙烯購物袋上12小時，這些蠕蟲消耗并分解了約92毫克購物袋，約占其中的3%。26.weekly/?wi?kli/adj.每周的adv.按周地n.周報，周刊（34）27.monthly/?m?nθli/adj.每月的adv.按月地n.月刊（34）28.budget/?b?d??t/n.預(yù)算（34）29.put…ontheline讓…處于危險之中（34）【原句背誦】Forinstance,youwillhavetoworkoutweekly,monthlyandyearlybudgets,andawrongdecisionmightcostthecompanyagreatdealandputotherpeople’sjobsontheline.【聯(lián)想拓展】weeklymagazine周刊weeklyreport周報，每周報告entertainmentweekly娛樂周刊；娛樂周報；每周娛樂amonthlymeeting/visit/magazine每月一次的會議╱拜訪；月刊thefashionmonthlies時裝月刊amonthly/anannual/afamilybudget每月╱年度╱家庭預(yù)算theeducation/defencebudget教育╱國防預(yù)算【經(jīng)典例句】Wedecoratedthehouseonatightbudget(=withoutmuchmoneytospend).我們儉省地裝修了房子。Theworkwasfinishedontimeandwithinbudget(=didnotcostmoremoneythanwasplanned).工作按時完成且未超出預(yù)算。Shewilldesignafantasticnewkitchenforyou–andallwithinyourbudget.她將為你設(shè)計一個嶄新的漂亮廚房--所有的花費都將在你的預(yù)算之內(nèi)。Don'tputyourprofessionalreputationontheline.不要拿你的職業(yè)名聲冒險。Firefightersdoajobthatsometimesrequiresthemtoputtheirlivesontheline.消防員們在執(zhí)行任務(wù)中時常命懸一線?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?016北京卷）Managingthefamilybudgetmusthavebeenaveryhardtask,butshemadeitlookeffortless.管理家庭預(yù)算一定是一項非常困難的任務(wù)，但她讓它看起來毫不費力。30.loan/l??n/n.貸款，借款；借出vt.借出，貸與（尤指錢）（34）【原句背誦】Also,youwillneedtomakesureanyloansyouhavearerepaidontime.【聯(lián)想拓展】loanern.債權(quán)人；代替品totakeout/repayaloan(=toborrowmoney/payitback)取得╱償還貸款bankloanswithlowinterestrates銀行低息貸款loansth(tosb)/loan(sb)sth借出，貸與（尤指錢）loansth(out)(tosb/sth)/loan(sb)sth出借（貴重物品給博物館等）【經(jīng)典例句】Thecountryhasnoaccesstoforeignloansorfinancialaid.該國得不到外國貸款或財政援助。Thepresidentwantstomakeiteasierforsmallbusinessestogetbankloans.總統(tǒng)想使小公司能更容易地獲得銀行貸款。Thebankishappytoloanmoneytosmallbusinesses.銀行樂于貸款給小型企業(yè)。Heloanedthemuseumhisentirecollection.他把自己的全部收藏品都借給了博物館。【鏈接高考】Forexample,taketheQuickCutGreensHarvester,atooldevelopedjustacoupleofyearsagobyayoungfarmer,JonathanDysinger,inTennessee,withasmallloanfromalocalSlowMoneygroup.舉個例子，田納西州的年輕農(nóng)民喬納森·戴辛格在幾年前用當?shù)亍奥X”組織的小額貸款開發(fā)了一種快速割菜收割機。（2020天津卷）Checkoutabook.Whilelibrariesstillloanout(出借)books,you’llfinditeasiertogetacopyofwhateveryou’relookingfor,thankstoacooperativenetworkofarealibraries.借一本書。雖然圖書館仍然會借書，但你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，由于有地區(qū)圖書館的合作網(wǎng)絡(luò)，無論你想要什么，都能更容易地得到一本書。（2020天津卷）Somelibrariesevenloanouttoysandgames.有些圖書館甚至出借玩具和游戲。31.client/?kla??nt/n.客戶，顧客，委托人（35）32.detective/d??tekt?v/n.偵探，警探（35）33.subjective/s?b?d?ekt?v/adj.主觀的（35）【原句背誦】(4)Howyoucansatisfytheneedsofpotentialclientsmosteffectivelyshouldbethefocusofyourbusiness.Toachievethat,youneedtodosomedetectivework.Donotrelyonyoursubjectivejudgement.【聯(lián)想拓展】adetectivestory/novel偵探故事╱小說adetectivefilm偵探片privatedetective私家偵探detectv.查明，察覺；測出，檢測，識別detectionn.察覺，發(fā)現(xiàn)；偵破（案件）detectorn.檢測器；發(fā)現(xiàn)者；偵察器ahighlysubjectivepointofview非常主觀的看法subjectivejudgementn.主觀判斷【反義詞】subjective的反義詞是objectiveadj.客觀的；客觀存在的【經(jīng)典例句】Herejectedanobjectiveunderstandingofcolor,infavorofamoresubjectiveunderstanding.他不接受對顏色的客觀理解，更傾向于支持主觀理解。34.directory/d??rekt?ri;da??rekt?ri/n.名錄，電話號碼簿，公司名錄（35）【原句背誦】Youshouldalsolookthroughthebusinessdirectorytoseewhoyourmaincompetitorswillbeandfindouthowtheirbusinesseswork.【聯(lián)想拓展】atelephone/tradedirectory電話號碼簿；商行名錄filedirectory文件目錄【經(jīng)典例句】Thisoptionletsyousearchyourcurrentdirectoryforfilesbydate,contents,anddocumentsummary.這一選項讓你按日期、內(nèi)容和文件摘要在當前目錄中查找文件。35.plug/pl?ɡ/vt.補足，供給；堵塞，封堵n.插頭；插座（35）【原句背誦】Ontheotherhand,partnerscanhelpplugtheknowledgeorskillgaps.【聯(lián)想拓展】plugaway（at）堅持不懈地做（尤指困難的工作）plugsth

in/plugsthintosth接通（電源）；把（插頭）插進（插座）plugsth(up)堵塞；封堵【警示誤區(qū)】plug的過去式和過去分詞要雙寫g，再加ed?！窘?jīng)典例句】Hepluggedtheholeinthepipewithanoldrag.他用一塊舊破布把管子上的那個洞塞住了。Acheaperrangeofproductswasintroducedtoplugthegapatthelowerendofthemarket.推出相對廉價的一系列產(chǎn)品，是為了填補較低檔市場的缺口。I'llhavetochangetheplugonmyhairdryer.我必須更換吹風機的插頭。36.groundwork/?ɡra?ndw??k/n.基礎(chǔ)工作，準備工作（35）【原句背誦】Allthisgroundworkmightseemboringwhenyoujustcannotwaittogetstarted.However,ifyouarewellprepared,thebusinessyouwanttoopenwillhaveagreaterchanceofsuccess.【聯(lián)想拓展】laythegroundworkfor…基礎(chǔ)工作；準備工作【經(jīng)典例句】Yesterday'smeetingwastolaythegroundworkforthetaskahead.昨天的會議為后面的任務(wù)打下了基礎(chǔ)。Officialsarelayingthegroundworkforasummitconferenceofworldleaders.官員們正在為世界首腦峰會做準備工作。37.premier/?premi?(r)/adj.最著名的，最成功的，第一的n.首相，總理（37）38.institute/??nst?tju?t/n.機構(gòu)，機構(gòu)建筑vt.建立，制定（體系、政策等）（37）【原句背誦】Tofindouthowtogetintothefieldoffashiondesign,IdidsomeresearchaboutwhatkindofeducationandskillsImightneed.IfoundoutthatmanypremierfashiondesignersstudiedatartinstitutesinLondon,ParisorMilan.【聯(lián)想拓展】oneofthecountry'spremierchefs國家名廚之一thePremierLeague/Division超級聯(lián)賽vicepremier副總理aresearchinstitute研究所institutesofhighereducation高等學府institutionn.機構(gòu)，團體；社會收容機構(gòu)；制度，習俗institutionaladj.機構(gòu)的，慈善機構(gòu)的；制度的，慣例的；根深蒂固的39.*proportion/pr??p???n/n.正確的比例；部分，份額；比例；體積，面積（37）40.fabric/?f?br?k/n.織物，布料（37）41.fibre/?fa?b?(r)/n.纖維制品；纖維素；纖維（37）【原句背誦】Forexample,theymusthaveagoodsenseofcolorandproportion,befamiliarwithvariousfabricssuchascotton,woolandman-madefibres,beabletorecognizestylesandtrends,andbecreative.【聯(lián)想拓展】keepsthinproportion恰當?shù)靥幨拢豢创挛锴∪缙浞謔utof(all)proportion(tosth)不相稱；不協(xié)調(diào)proportionaladj.成比例的；相稱的，協(xié)調(diào)的；（數(shù)）成常比的;n.（數(shù)）比例項proportionallyadv.成比例地；相稱地，適當?shù)豴roportionateadj.成比例的；相稱的；適當?shù)?vt.使成比例；使相稱ahigh-/low-fibrediet纖維素含量高╱低的飲食【經(jīng)典例句】Theproportionofmentowomeninthecollegehaschangeddramaticallyovertheyears.近年來，這個學院的男女學生比例出現(xiàn)了劇變。Theroomisverylonginproportionto(=relativeto)itswidth.這房間的長度比寬度大很多。Driedfruitsareespeciallyhighinfibre.干水果的纖維素含量尤其高。42.qualification/?kw?l?f??ke??n/n.資格，資歷；學歷；合格，達到標準（37）【原句背誦】Aftermuchthought,Idecidedtodeveloptheseskillsandgettherightqualificationsbystudyingartatuniversity.【聯(lián)想拓展】academic/educational/professional/vocationalqualifications學術(shù)╱教育╱專業(yè)╱職業(yè)資歷anursing/teaching,etc.qualification護理、教學等資格toacquire/gain/get/obtain/have/holdqualifications獲得╱取得╱得到╱拿到╱擁有╱持有資格qualificationandexperience資歷qualifyv.（使）有權(quán)去做；取得資格，達到標準；獲得參賽資格qualifiedadj.具備……的學歷（資歷）的；（尤指做某項工作）有資格的，勝任的【經(jīng)典例句】Inthisjob,experiencecountsformorethanpaperqualifications.擔任這項工作，經(jīng)驗比文憑更重要。Previousteachingexperienceisanecessaryqualificationforthisjob.教學經(jīng)驗是擔任這項工作的必備條件。Responsibilityandreliabilityarenecessaryqualifications,aswellasafriendlyandoutgoingpersonality.責任感和可靠性是必需的素質(zhì)，友善和外向的性格也必不可少。43.swing/sw??/vi.&vt.(swung,swung)改變；擺動，搖擺n.改變；擺動；秋千（37）swingintoaction立即行動起來；馬上大干起來（37）【原句背誦】Actually,IdonothavetowaituntilIgotouniversitytoswingintoactionastherewillbeaworkshopinmycitynextmonth,whichIamhopingtoattend.【聯(lián)想拓展】swing(sth)(atsb/sth)（揮動某物）朝…打去swing(fromA)(toB)/swing(betweenAandB)（使）改變（意見、情緒等）【警示誤區(qū)】swing作動詞時，其過去式和過去分詞是不規(guī)則變化，分別是：swung,swung，使用時要注意！【經(jīng)典例句】Hisarmsswungashewalked.他邊走邊擺著雙臂。Hesatonthestool,swinginghislegs.他坐在凳子上晃動著兩條腿。Thebusswungsharplytotheleft.公共汽車猛地拐向左邊。Educationalpracticeisliabletosuddenswingsandchanges.教育實踐活動易出現(xiàn)突然的轉(zhuǎn)向和變化。Regardlessofthedreamisbigorsmall,thegoalishighorlow,fromnowon,swingitintoaction.不管夢想是大是小，目標是高是低，從現(xiàn)在開始，把它付諸行動?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?020新課標卷I）Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接觸)withthegroundatalltimes.但這項運動的規(guī)則要求競走運動員的膝蓋在擺動腿的大部分時間保持伸直，并且一只腳始終保持與地面接觸。44.label/?le?b(?)l/n.標簽；（不恰當?shù)模┓Q謂vt.貼標簽于；（尤指不公正地）把…稱為（37）【原句背誦】Clotheswithdesignerlabelsinshopsaregenerallythoughttobetooexpensive.【聯(lián)想拓展】price/addresslabels價格標簽；地址簽條labelsb/sth(as)sth（尤指不公正地）把…稱為【經(jīng)典例句】Thewashinginstructionsareonthelabel.洗滌說明在標簽上。He'llonlywearclotheswithadesignerlabel.他只愿穿高檔名牌服裝。Itrequiresforeignfrozen-foodimportstobeclearlylabelled.它要求外國進口冷凍食品要粘貼明確的標簽。Theproducewaslabelled"MadeinChina."該產(chǎn)品上貼有“中國制造”的標簽?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?020新課標卷II）Sheistryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.她正試圖為海貍鼠時裝設(shè)計一個標簽，以表明它是環(huán)保的。（2015浙江卷）Mostgraphshaveafewbasicparts:acaptionorintroductionparagraph,atitle,alegendorkey,andlabeledaxes.大多數(shù)圖表都有幾個基本部分：標題或引言段、標題、圖例或鍵以及標記的軸。45.candidate/?k?nd?d?t/n.候選人；應(yīng)試者；被認定合格者（39）46.gaintheupperhand處于有利地位，有優(yōu)勢（39）【原句背誦】Theoddsarethatyou’veneverbeenacandidateforaparticularjobbefore,butmyadvicewillhelpyougaintheupperhandasyousetoffandstepintotheworldofemployment.【聯(lián)想拓展】acandidatefor候選人；人選qualifiedcandidate合格的候選人；合資格人員suitablecandidate合適人選apresidentialcandidate總統(tǒng)候選人oneoftheleadingcandidatesforthepresidency總統(tǒng)職位的主要候選人之一【經(jīng)典例句】Heisacandidatefortheofficeofgovernor.他是州長的候選人。Therewerealargenumberofcandidatesforthejob.有許多求職者申請這份工作。Theyoungplayerendeavorstogaintheupperhand.年輕的選手努力讓自己占上風。Chinamadethatpromiseaspartofeffortstogaintheupperhandinglobalclimate-changenegotiations.中國的這一承諾在一定程度上是為了努力在全球氣候變化談判中占據(jù)上風?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?021全國甲卷）Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.這頭可愛的母犀牛是該保護區(qū)今年出生的第二頭黑犀牛，但現(xiàn)在還不能確定這頭小犀牛是否適合重返野生保護區(qū)。（2021天津卷）Weneedpeoplewhocanworkatourwarehouse（倉庫）sortingandpackingitemstobedeliveredtofamilies,repairdonatedfurnitureandmore.Candidateswillbematchedwithataskbasedonskillset.我們需要有人在我們的倉庫工作，分揀和包裝要送到家庭的物品，修理捐贈的家具等。候選人將根據(jù)技能組合匹配一項任務(wù)。47.applicant/??pl?k?nt/n.申請人（39）【原句背誦】Aninterviewisaconversationbetweenanemployerandapotentialemployee,whichallowstheinterviewertoassessthejobapplicanttoseeifheorsheissuitablefortheposition.Meanwhile,itprovidesanopportunityfortheapplicanttolearnmoreaboutthejobandthecompany,andtodiscoverwhetherthisjobisrightforhimorher.【聯(lián)想拓展】anapplicantforsth申請人（尤指求職、進高等學校等）applytosb/sth)(forsth)（通常以書面形式）申請，請求applysth(tosth)使用；應(yīng)用；涂；敷；施applyyourself(tosth/todoingsth)勤奮工作；努力學習applyforajob求職；申請工作applicationn.正式申請，書面申請；申請書，申請表；敷用，涂抹applicableadj.適用的，適當?shù)摹窘?jīng)典例句】Therewereover500