Unit3SeaExplorationDiscoverUsefulStructures不定式課件高中英語人教版選擇性

非謂語之動詞不定式

todoIplantoswimIdecidetocleanmyroomtomorrow.Iwishtohavedinnerwithher.表示計劃，期望，將來以及目的

todo不定式非謂語動詞過去分詞(done)

動詞不定式todo現(xiàn)在分詞/動名詞(doing)

①To

complete

the

great

map

of

the

world

wasastrongpassionforthepeopleofearlycivilisations.②MarcoPolo’stalesinspiredEuropeanexplorers

to

search

for

sea

routesfromwesttoeast.③Here，merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmetto

negotiate

trade

deals，whichalsoledtomoreawarenessofeachother’scultures.④Thesefleetswereasight

to

beholdandwereinaleagueoftheirownatthattime.⑤To

reach

out

across

the

sea

remainsastrongdesiretoday.主語賓補目的狀語定語主語分析下面句子中的動詞不定式在句子中充當?shù)某煞郑ㄖ髻e表定狀賓補）三維P57⑥Theaimofthisinitiativeisto

encourage

cooperation

and

trade

across

the

historic

Silk

Road

areas，

and

strengthen

the

bonds

between

China

and

the

rest

of

the

world.⑦Tradinghasgrowngreatlyinrecentyears，andwillcontinue

to

do

soinyearstocome.⑧Chinahasinvestedbillionsinsystemsandservicesalongtheseroutes，whichwillhelp

to

greatly

develop

the

whole

areaforthebenefitoffuturetradeandculturalexchange.⑨Hundredsofyearson，andwiththelatesttechnologyinhand，

theneed

to

tradeandthedesire

to

enhance

relationshipswilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.表語賓語賓語定語

以上句子中的藍體部分都用了動詞不定式。動詞不定式在句①和句⑤中作

主語?，在句⑦和句⑧中作

賓語?，在句②中作

賓語補足語?，在句⑥中作

表語?，在句④和句⑨中作

定語?，在句③中作

目的狀語。主語賓語賓語補足語表語定語目的狀語1主語(subject)2賓語(object)3表語(predicative)4定語(attribute)5狀語(adverbial)6賓補(objectcomplement)todofunctions動詞不定式主動被動一般式todotobedone表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后完成式tohavedonetohavebeen

done表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前進行式tobedoing/表示動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生完成進行式tohavebeendoing/表示動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前一直進行??一、不定式的形式??二、不定式句法功能1)三情況：直接做主語

Tokeepsmilingishealthyforyou.當主語過長時，為保持句子平衡，可用it作形式主語：Ittookhimalongtimetoacquiretheskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.

帶wh-（特殊疑問詞）+todo短語作主語(謂語用單數(shù))Whenandwheretostarttheprograms________(remain)unknown.remains1.不定式作主語

(subject)2).?？季湫虸t’stimetodosth.Ittakesb.sometimetodosth.

It+be+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.

★for:adj.多為描述不定式行為的特征,特點（important/necessary/interesting等.）★of:adj.多為描述主語的品質（kind/nice/friendly/wise/foolish等.）Practice:1.Itisimportant______ustolivealow-carbonlife.2.Itwasgenerous______himtocontributesomuch.forof(1).動名詞（-ing分詞）：表示一般的、抽象的、籠統(tǒng)的概念，或者一個已經(jīng)完成的動作，強調(diào)的是事情本身不定式（todo）：表示某一次具體的、特定的或將來的動作。Flyingisimpossibleinthisarea.飛行在這個地區(qū)是不可能的。（泛指概念）ItisimpossibletoflyovertheHimalayas.飛越喜馬拉雅山是不可能的。（特指本次飛行）名師點津：作

主語時，不定式與動名詞的區(qū)別(2)在某些句型中通常要用動名詞短語作主語。Itisnousedoing…Itisnogooddoing…Itisuselessdoing…Itisworthwhiledoing…?

?單句語法填空①

Tosee

?

（see）istobelieve.

②Itisgenerousofhim

tocontribute

?

（contribute）somuch.

③Itisimportantforus

tolive

（live）alow-carbonlife.

④Youcan’thelpwonderinghowharditwasforthepeoplethen

toput

?（put）allthoserocksintoplace.

Tosee

tocontribute

tolive

toput

(1).位于系動詞之后2.不定式作表語

(predicative)狀態(tài)“是”be持續(xù)“繼續(xù)或保持”keep,remain,stay,lie表像“看起來像”seem,appear,look感官look,feel,smell,sound,taste變化“變成......”become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run終止prove“證明是，結果是”(2).句中如果主語部分有實義動詞do的各種形式，作表語的動詞不定式實際上是do的引申，即表示do所做的內(nèi)容，這時動詞不定式可省略to。TheleastIcandois(to)

writetoyou.我至少能做到的是給你寫信。前有do后省to(3)主語是以aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,plan,proposal,suggestion

等為中心詞的名詞詞組,表語用不定式說明其內(nèi)容MydreamistoenterBeijingUniversity.Myideais___________(climb)themountainfromthenorth.Mysuggestionis_____________(start)workatonce.(4).帶wh-疑問詞+todo也可做表語Ourdifficultyiswhere_____________(find)aguide.toclimbtostarttofind2.不定式作表語(predicative)動名詞（-ing分詞）：表示一般的、抽象的、籠統(tǒng)的概念，或者一個已經(jīng)完成的動作，強調(diào)的是事情本身不定式（todo）：表示某一次具體的、特定的或將來的動作。Herjobistakingcareofchildren.她的工作是照料小孩。（泛指概念）Herjobistotakecareof

thechildren.她的工作是照料這些小孩。（特指本次的工作）名師點津：作

表語

時，不定式與動名詞的區(qū)別一般說來，作主語和表語的非謂語動詞形式應一致，即：或同時為不定式，或同時為-ing分詞。如：眼見為實:Seeingisbelieving./Toseeistobelieve.?

?單句語法填空①Whattheplandoes

is

（to）ensure

?

（ensure）afairpension退休金forall.

②Toknoweverythingis

toknow

?

（know）nothing.

③Therearetwotragedies悲劇inlife.Oneisnottogetyourheart’sdesire.Theotheris

toget

?

（get）it.

（to）ensure

toknow

toget

非謂語不定式的否定nottodo前有do后省to1）

動詞+tododecide/determine,learn,manage,tryrefuse,promise,pretend,agreewant,help,choose,planhope/wish/expect,offer,waithappen,threaten,fail,afford2）有時和（特殊疑問詞）wh-詞+todo構成賓語.①下一步干什么你決定了嗎Haveyoudecided____________next②我不知道怎么做它。Ididn’tknow______________it.what

todo

how

todo

決定學好，（就）設法努力拒絕承諾；（就）假裝同意；想要幫忙，（就）選好計劃希望關心；（就）主動等待碰巧威脅，（也）不能付錢3.不定式作賓語

(object)3)動詞+it+賓補+todo此時，it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的todo不定式常用動詞：make,find,feel,think,believe,consider例1.我覺得回答這個問題很難Ithinkithardtoanswerthequestion.例2.我發(fā)現(xiàn)要吃完這頓飯是一個負擔Ifinditaburdentofinishthemeal/eatthewholefood.?當賓補是nouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile時，

todo應改為doingItisnouse/nogood/useless/worthwhiledoing…lookforwardto...期待，盼望……objectto...反對……bedevotedto...致力于……beopposedto...反對……adapt/adjustto...適應……leadto...導致……whenitcomesto...名師點津：動詞短語中含有介詞to，賓語要用動名詞（ving）?

?完成句子①Haveyoudecided

whattodo

?next？

下一步做什么你決定了嗎？②Ireallylike

towatchfootballmatches

?.

我非常喜歡看足球比賽。③HowIwish

toseemyoldfriends

?again！

我多么想再見到我的老朋友??！whattodo

towatchfootballmatches

toseemyoldfriends

Theeventalsoencouragedher____________(found)thecommunity.Theyoffered_________(do)somevoluntaryworkduringtheschoolholidays.Theactivitynotonlyenabledus________(learn)Chineseculturebetterbutalsopromotedourfriendship.Mrs.Greenobjectedto___________(advertise)theproduct.Whenitcomesto______________(play)badminton,herfaceisglowingwithexcitement.Hemadeit

arule_________(read)Englisheveryday.Idon’tknowwhether_________(eat)firstortotakeashowerfirst.Ifinditnouse__________(organize)thediscussion.tofoundtodotolearnadvertisingplayingtoreadtoeatorganizing1)不定式作后置定語時，常表示將來的動作，翻譯時常須在動詞不定式前加“要”字。2)不定式修飾的詞：抽象名詞ability、attempt、chance、courage、decision、effort、failure、promise、way、wish等序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或theonly/thelast/thenext等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞Heisalways

thefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelast_________(leave)theschool.Butshegaveupthechance_________(go)abroad.I’vegotmywifeandson_________(look)

after.Canyouthinkupagoodway_________(deal)withtheeverincreasingprices？toleave4.不定式作定語

(attribute)togotolooktodeal不及物動詞要加介詞1.Asisknowntous,YangLiweiisthefirstChineseastronaut_______

(send)intospace破解：序數(shù)詞修飾的名詞后用不定式作后置定語，且send與邏輯主語astronaut是被動關系，故用不定式的被動式，故填tobesent2.Whatisthebestwayforyou________(solve)thisproblem破解：thewayforsb.todosth.“某人做某事的方法”，不定式復合結構作后置定語。故填tosolve3.Theairport_______(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.破解:根據(jù)時間狀語nextyear可知，該動作將要發(fā)生，且complete與theairport之間為被動關系。故填tobecompleted?

?單句語法填空①In1931，AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwoman

towin

?

（win）theNobelPeacePrize.

②Thebestway

tostrengthen

?

（strengthen）

willpower意志力，毅力

istomakeitintoahabit.

③WemustmaketheEarthabetterplace

tolive

?

（live）in.

towin

tostrengthen

tolive

做目的狀語，常用的結構

todo;inordertodo;soasto以便于①Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.②Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.5.不定式作狀語(adverbial)(2)做原因狀語：一般用在be+adj.(表情感）后：說明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因.Weweresurprisedtofindthathehadalreadyleft.Shewasdisappointed

tolearnthenews.目的，結果，

原因，條件，方式等高考鏈接：不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語的區(qū)別1.

Theoldmanreturnedhomeonlytofind

thathisdaughterhadgotmarried.2.Hediedfromasuddentrafficaccident，leaving

hisfamilyevenworseoff惡化，每況愈下.

出乎意料順其自然(3)

做結果狀語：①so/such......todoWearenotsostupidtobuyhiswords.②enoughtodoHedidn’trunfastenoughtocatchthetrain③too......todo太......而不能Theteaistoohottodrink.④onlytodo結果卻...(高頻考點)Wehurriedtothetrainstationonly___________thetrainhadleft.（tell）tobetold1)動詞+賓語+todosth.Mymumasksme_________________twohoursonadailybasis.

toplaythepiano常用的這類動詞有：ask;allow;advise;want;tell;order;teach;expect,require;cause;force;permit;encourage;urge；enable；warn;forbid;get;invite;persuade6.不定式作賓補(objectcomplement)2）動詞+賓語+不帶to的不定式感官動詞使役動詞一感：feel二聽：hear,listento五看：see,notice,watch,lookat,observelet,make,have◆但當以上的動詞用于被動式，to要還原：

Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseen_______suddenlyfromthetree.+sbdosth（不帶to）tofall感官動詞的非謂語：不帶to的不定式(全過程)現(xiàn)在分詞(正在發(fā)生)過去分詞（表被動）6.不定式作賓補(objectcomplement)3)動詞+賓語+adj.+todosthTheybelievehim（tobe）innocent.常用的這類動詞表示心理狀態(tài)：believe、find、consider、prove、suppose、think、declare等作賓語補足語的動詞不定式往往是“tobe＋形容詞”，這時，這些動詞后的tobe通?？墒÷?。6.不定式作賓補(objectcomplement)?

?完成句子①Hisfatherdoesn’tallowhim

toplaycomputergames

?.

他爸爸不允許他玩電腦游戲。②Thethiefwasseen

togeton

?thebus.

有人看見小偷上了公共汽車。③Thepolicemanobservedtheman

openthewindow

?.

警察看見這個人打開了窗戶。toplaycomputergames

togeton

openthewindow

名師點津：不定式主動表被動不定式：能在句中找到動作的發(fā)出者

beadj+todo作定語：Ihaveaquestiontoaskyou.疑問代詞+todo作名詞性從句:Idon’tknowwhattodonext.with+n.+todo(with復合結構)therebe+名詞+todo[主動表主觀看法，被動表客觀情況Thereisnothingtodonow.(Wehavenothingtodo.)Thereisnothingtobedonenow.(Wecandonothingnow.)Thereisnothingtosee.(Nothingthereisworthseeing.)Thereisnothingtobeseen.(Thereisnothing.)固搭：betoblame[該對某事負責]betolet[待出租]??三、不定式的形式動詞不定式主動被動一般式todotobedone表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后完成式tohavedonetohavebeen

done表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前進行式tobedoing/表示動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生完成進行式tohavebeendoing/表示動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前一直進行

Inoticedhimgo

out.（notice與goout同時發(fā)生）Iplanto

attend

the

party

tobeheld

tomorrow.（attend的動作在plan后發(fā)生）Theyarereported

to

be

working

hard.（bereported與work同時發(fā)生）Iamverygladto

be

workingwithyou.（beglad與work同時發(fā)生）I’mverysorry

to

have

keptyouwaitingforalongtime.（keep發(fā)生在besorry前）Heisbelieved

to

have

come.（come發(fā)生在believe前）感官動詞省略tobereportedtodoplantodobeadj.todobebelievedtodo有時被理解并不是一件容易的事。Theboyaskedto

be

givenanopportunitytotryagain.那個男孩要求給他再試一次的機會。Noharmseemsto

have

been

done.似乎并沒有什么危害發(fā)生。（harm是do的承受者，且發(fā)生在seem前）Sometimesto

be

understoodisnotaneasyjob.不定式作主語，表被動tobedoneasktodo要求做某事固搭：doharmto非謂語在謂語之前用完成不定式tohavedone表被動tohavebeendone名師點津（1）表示看法與想法的動詞：seem/appeartodo“似乎，好像做某事”常用tohavedone表示該動作先于另一個動作發(fā)生。此結構也常用以it作形式主語的結構代替。Heseemstohaveboughtthenewbook.他好像已經(jīng)買了那本新書。＝Itseemsthathehasboughtthenewbook.（2）表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望、期待或計劃：want、intended（=meant）、expected、hoped、promised等表示希望、期待、意圖、欲求等的動詞過去式+tohavedone，was(were)十tohavedone”，也是表示未實現(xiàn)的過去的決定Iintendedtohavecalledonyou,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.(我原想來看你，但因事未果。)Iexpectedtohavemethimherelastnight.(昨夜我以為在此可以見到他的。)Wemeanttohavestayedthereaweek.(我們原打算在那里呆一個禮拜的。)Iwantedtohaveseenyoueversomuch.(我真想能見到你。)Ithoughttohavewrittenalinetoher,butforgottodoso.(我原想寫封信給她的，不料忘記了)。Weweretohavemetatsixo'clock.(我們原定六點見面的。)表示希望、期待、意圖、欲求等的動詞過去式+tohavedone，was(were)十tohavedone”，表示未實現(xiàn)的過去的決定名師點津want、need、require作“需要”講時，后常接動詞不定式的被動形式或動詞-ing形式的主動形式。Thehousewantsrepairing/to

be

repaired.這座房子需要修理了。Theseflowersneedwatering/to

be

wateredonceaday.這些花需要每天澆一次水。?

?單句語法填空/完成句子①Heisn’tfeelingwell.Heappears

tohavecaught

?

（catch）acold.②Hehadintended

toreturn

?

（return）afterreceivingthefirstletterfromTess.③ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle

tobeheard

?

（hear）.④Whenherparentscamebacklastnight，she

happenedtobedoingherhomework

?.

昨天晚上當她父母回來時，她碰巧正在做作業(yè)。

tohavecaught

toreturn

tobeheard

happenedtobedoingherhomeworkappear/seemtodo=intendedtohavereturnedstruggletodohappentodotodofunctionsforms1主語(subject)2賓語(object)3表語(predicative)4定語(attribute)5狀語(adverbial)6賓補(objectcomplement)1一般式2進行式3完成式4.一些特殊情況

維度一：基礎題型練1.Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohikingandaccommodationsaim

tohave

?

（have）alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.

2.Chineseresearchershopetousetheinstruments儀器onboardChang’e-4

tofind

?

（find）andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin盆地.

3.ThemedianageofanAmericanin1950was30—todayitis41andisexpected

toincrease

?

（increase）to42by2050.

tohave

tofind

toincrease

P1504.Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology

tochange

?

（change）lives.

5.BeijingisthecapitalofChinaandalsothecenterfor

politics

?

（political）andculture.6.Withhis

professional

?

（profession）

skillsandperseverance毅力，heovercameallthedifficultiesandfinallywonthecompetition.7.Mychin下巴trembled顫抖witha

mixture

?

（mix）ofheartbreakandanger.8.Tenminuteslaterthewholeclassstoodup，

applauding

?

（applaud）Jenny’swonderfulspeech.tochange

politics

professional

mixture

applauding

維度二：語法與寫作1.上初三時，我的目標是成為全班最好的學生。（動詞不定式作表語）

WhenIwasajuniorthreestudent，myaimwastobethebeststudentinmyclass.

?

2.為了實現(xiàn)這個目標，我決定像我的同桌一樣每天熬夜學習到半夜。（動詞不定式作目的狀語和賓語）

Toachievethisgoal，Idecidedtostayuptostudyuntilmidnightlikemydeskmate.

?

WhenIwasajuniorthreestudent，myaimwastobethebeststudentinmyclass.

?

Toachievethisgoal，Idecidedtostayuptostudyuntilmidnightlikemydeskmate.

?

3.我努力第一個到，最后一個走，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)我上課總是發(fā)困。（動詞不定式作定語和結果狀語）

Itriedtobethefirsttoarriveandthelasttoleave，onlytofindmyselfalwayssleepyinclass.

?

4.我的老師說保持充足的睡眠是很重要的。（動詞不定式作賓語）

Myteachersaiditwasveryimportanttohaveenoughsleep.

?

5.他建議我制定一個適合我自己的計劃。（動詞不定式作賓語補足語）

Headvisedmetomakeaplanthat/whichissuitableform