Unit 7 International charities 語法精講課件

UnitSevenInternationalcharitiesrammarLearningaimsTolearntoformthepassivevoiceinthesimplefuturetenseTolearntousethepassivevoiceinthesimplefuturetenseHowisPeterlike?Ishegoodatsports?Hisfutureplanistobecomeadoctor,right?LeadinTask1易水寒江雪敬奉WatchandsayLookandsay:

Patientsaredoneoperationsonbythem.WhatdoORBISdoctorsandnursesdo?ORBISdoctorsdooperations.

Whatistheplaneusedas?Itisusedasahospital.Itisalsousedasatrainingcentre.

They

built

anewbridge.

Anewbridgewasbuiltbythem.Activevoice主動語態(tài)Passivevoice被動語態(tài)They

make

shoesinthatfactory.主語+及物動詞+賓語Shoes

aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般現在時：S(主語）+am/is/are+過去分詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)Hisbrother

speaks

Englishevery

day.主謂賓(受動者)English

isspoken

byhisbrother

every

day.改一改易水寒江雪敬奉1.Themainroad

(clean).2.Manyposters

(paint).3.Abigappletree

(plant).4.Alotoffamoussingers

(invite).

5.Somegoodadvice

(give).6.Allthethings

(check).

areinvitedarepaintedisplantediscleanedisgivenarechecked一般現在時被動語態(tài)用填一填易水寒江雪敬奉Thenewsletterarticleisnotwritten.Thesnacksforthesingersarenotbought.Subject

benot

V.(p.p)++Negativesentencesinsimplepresenttense

They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般過去時：S+was/were+過去分詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)易水寒江雪敬奉Ahotel

(build).Colorfullights

(use).Alloftheflowers

(water).Thenewsletterarticle

(write).Thesnacksforguests

(buy).Thedancingshow

(hold).Thepublicsigns

(make).Theanimals

(feed).wasbuiltwereusedwerewateredwaswrittenwereboughtwasheldweremadewerefed一般過去時被動語態(tài)用填一填HowisPeterlike?Ishegoodatsports?Hisfutureplanistobecomeadoctor,right?SummaryTask2

英語語態(tài)被動語態(tài)的構成

workedopenedclosed

seentaught

asked

work

close

openask

seeteache.g.由助動詞be

+及物動詞的過去分詞（V-ed）構成。助動詞be有人稱、數和時態(tài)的變化。英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。

1.當我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者,

2.或者只需強調動作的承受者時，要用被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)結構：be+(及物動詞的)

過去分詞

+(by…)語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，表示的是主語和謂語之間的關系。英語中的語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。當主語是謂語的執(zhí)行者時，用主動語態(tài)。當主語是謂語的承受者時，用被動語態(tài)。如：Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.我們每天都打掃教室。Theclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.教室每天都被(我們)打掃。被動語態(tài)的一般現在時和一般過去時判斷：被動語態(tài)(A)/主動語態(tài)(B);被動語態(tài)要劃出動詞部分．1）MillieandAmytookthelittlecattotheanimalcenteryesterday.2）The79-year-oldmanwassavedoutofafirelastyear.3）Thiskindofcakeiscalledmooncake.4）Peopleuseakeyboardtotypeinformationintothecomputer.5）Thewindowsinourclassroomarecleanedonceaweek.BBAAA被動語態(tài)的基本構成主語be動詞過去分詞一般現在時Iamsupported.You/We/TheyareHe/She/Itis一般過去時Iwassupported.You/We/TheywereHe/She/ItwasRule1主動語態(tài)：S（主語）+V（謂語）+O（賓語）被動語態(tài)：S（主語）+V(被動結構)+byO（賓語）轉換步驟1原句的賓語變主語，賓變主.2和原句的時態(tài)保持一致，看時態(tài)。3找出對應的謂語動詞，變分詞。主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的句式轉換主動語態(tài)主語She謂語(主動式)hurt賓語me.被動語態(tài)原賓語(改為主格)I謂語(被動式)washurtby原主語(改為賓格)her.move寫出下列動詞的過去式和過去分詞:visitvisitedvisited

movedmovedverb＋ed以e結尾＋dstudystudiedstudied以輔音字母加y結尾的詞,去y＋ied.clapclappedclapped以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞,雙寫最后一個輔音字母＋ed敬奉thespecial“by”1.Thepostersarepaintedbythedesigners.2.ThepublicsignsaremadebyJack.3.Thenewsletteriswrittenbyyou.Subject

be+V.(p.p)byPerformer(動作實施者)

+++HowisPeterlike?Ishegoodatsports?Hisfutureplanistobecomeadoctor,right?PracticeTask3areplannedtohelpthepoorWhat

theydoeveryyear1.Charityactivities_________________________(plan/tohelpthepoor).AarehandedouttopeopleLeaflets__________________________________________________(handout/topeopleinthestreet/volunteers).inthestreetbyvolunteersToysandCDs_____________________(sell/toraisemoney).aresoldtoraisemoneyWhattheydidlastweekNewbooks___________________________________________________________(send/tochildreninpoorareas/theClass1,Grade8students).weresenttochildreninpoorareasbytheClass1,Grade8studentsWarmclothes__________________________(collect/forpoorpeople).werecollectedforpoorpeopleAcharityshow_____________________________(hold/theStudents’Union).washeldbytheStudents’UnionAmy:OK.Oxfam___________(setup)intheUKin1942,andthefirstOxfamshop__________(open)in1948.Nowithasabout15,000shopsinallovertheworld.Alotofthings_________(sell)inOxfamshops,includingbooks.Themoney_______(use)byOxfamtohelppoorpeople.

wassetupwasopenedaresoldisusedBAmy:I’mreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:Really?Pleasetellmeaboutit.BDaniel:That’sgood.TherearealsosomecharityprojectsinChina.Oneofthem________(call)ProjectHope.It__________(start)in1989.Withitshelp,millionsofpoorchildrenalloverthecountry__________(give)basiceducation.

iscalled

wasstartedaregivenAmy:Yea.Manyschools__________(build)inpoorareaseachyear.arebuiltHowisPeterlike?Ishegoodatsports?Hisfutureplanistobecomeadoctor,right?DiscussionTask4主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，當主語和謂語動詞構成被動關系時，通常需要用被動語態(tài)。漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞來表示被動，而英語中則用“be+動詞的過去分詞”來表示。Rule2Weusetheactivevoicewhenitisimportanttoknowwhoperformstheaction.當重要的是知道誰是動作執(zhí)行者時，我們用主動語態(tài)。Whentousetheactivevoice?

Itisobviouswhoperformstheaction.

動作的執(zhí)行者是誰是很明顯的。

Theplaneisusedasatrainingcentre.

Whentousethepassivevoice?

Wedonotknowordonotneedtoknowwhoperformstheaction.

我們不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰或不需要知道動作執(zhí)行者是誰。

Hiseyeproblemwascuredtwomonthsago.Whentousethepassivevoice?

Theactionismoreimportantthanthepersonwhoperformstheaction.

我們強調是動作承受者而不是動作的執(zhí)行者。

Thelivesofthepatientswitheyeproblemsareimproved.Whentousethepassivevoice?1、動詞(表示主語的屬性特征)

+副詞(well/badly/easily/smoothly),用主動式表被動義。read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,…Thebooks____well．

A.weresoldB.sellC.havesoldD.arebeingsoldThiskindofcloth____easily．

A.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashedBC主動式表被動義Rule32、不定式在某些形容詞后作狀語,且和句子的主語(或賓語)構成動賓關系時,用主動式表被動義。difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good,comfortable,light,heavy,safe,…Thefishisnotfit_______(eat)．WefindEnglishishard_______(learn)．Thearticleisdifficult___________(understand).toeattolearntounderstand3、不定式作后置定語,與被修飾的名詞構成動賓關系,又和該句主語(或賓語)構成主謂關系時,用主動式表被動義。Ihavealotofhomework______(do)．I’llgivehimsomebooks______(read)．todotoread4、表示狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞+adj./n.,用主動式表被動義。(look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear,make,...)Thesteelfeelscold．5、

表示“開始、結束、運動”的動詞用主動式表被動義。(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut,move,run,...)Theshopopensat6am.everyday．6、

作“需要”講的want/need/require后接動名詞作賓語時，用主動式表被動義；當然也可接不定式的被動式作賓語。Yourjacketneedswashing/tobewashed．Mycarneeds________(wash)．Thehouserequires_______(repair)washingrepairingHowisPeterlike?Ishegoodatsports?Hisfutureplanistobecomeadoctor,right?語法大闖關Task5易水寒江雪敬奉火眼金睛Ahotelbuilt.Colorfullightswasused.Alloftheflowerswerewatering.Thenewsletterarticleweren’twritten.Thesnacksforguestswerebuyed.Thedancingshowswasn’theld.Thepublicsignswerenotmake.Theanimalsfed.wasn’twerewateredwasboughtweren’tmadewere??1.Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.2.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.3.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.4.Theyusedthisroomforresting.5.Theyplantedmanytreesyearsago.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.Manytreeswereplantedbythemyearsago.HowisPeterlike?Ishegoodatsports?Hisfutureplanistobecomeadoctor,right?中考鏈接Task61.It'ssaid(據說)thatthelongbridge______________（build）twomonthsago．2.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______（speak）intheworld？3.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________（cut）down．4.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.

5.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.

6.Thiskindofshoes__________(sell)well.

7.Thefood_____________(smell)delicious.8.Look!Someone__________(dance).

wasbuiltisspokenwerecutaresoldiscleanedsellssmellsisdancing填一填1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.

areusedarecleaned改一改*3.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.4.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.

wasmadetohave

canbe

used5.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?6.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMust

be

finished7.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.8.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemended

mustbe

taken9.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.10.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?

is

studiedIs

talked

bythem1.TodayEnglish_______alloverChina.A.teach