2024年中考英語介詞講解課件

1介詞講解什么是介詞？它的作用是什么？1.Lookat

me.()2.Hegoestoschoolby

bike.()3.Heisinterestedin

drawing.()4.Thebookisonthedesk.()代詞名詞

動(dòng)名詞介詞:通常用在_________、_______、_______

之前，表示某個(gè)人、事物/東西、事件與另一個(gè)之間的_________。名詞代詞名詞動(dòng)名詞關(guān)系介詞1.是一種用來表示:詞與詞,

詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。

2.在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分介詞后面一般有:名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞的含義介詞的種類一.表示時(shí)間介詞三.表示方式介詞二.表示地點(diǎn)介詞介詞的主要分類：1.atthecinema,inthehospital__________2.Writewithapen,gobybus___________3.insummer,onSeptemper1st___________地點(diǎn)介詞方式介詞時(shí)間介詞1.in年、月、季節(jié)及時(shí)間段（早、午、晚）on具體某一天、節(jié)日at鐘點(diǎn)、具體一點(diǎn)的時(shí)間段、節(jié)日1.in1998，inMay,inthreedays,inaweek,inamonth,…表示大于一天的時(shí)間用in2.inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening在早上/下午/傍晚用in3.onSunday,onMarch21st,

onmybirthday,onNewYear’sDay…表示在某一天用on4.atsixo’clock,atnoon,atthattime,atmid-night,attheSpringFestival…表示點(diǎn)鐘或具體一點(diǎn)時(shí)間用at

一.時(shí)間介詞1.MaryisflyingtoFrancesoon.ShewillarriveinParis___themorningofJuly9.A.onB.inC.at2.Thetwinswereborn__aFridayevening.A.inB.onC.at3.WetravelledovernighttoParisandarrived__5o’clock__themorning.A.on,inB.at,inC.at,in4.Wefinishourlessons___11:30andthenhavearest__noon.A.in,inB.at,atC.in,at2.

in+時(shí)間段

在……之后（內(nèi)），多用于將來時(shí)

after+時(shí)間段

在……之后，

多用于過去時(shí)

1.MrBrownhasgonetoCanada.Hewillbeback___twoweeks.A.forB.afterC.in2.Ourmanagercameback___anhour.A.inB.afterC.at

1.in+大地方

at+小地方

on+門牌，某層樓1.inShanghai,inthecountry,inAsia,intheworld,

inspace…_______________________2.atthevillage,athome,atthecornerofthestreet..______________________表示小地方用at表示大地方用in二.地點(diǎn)介詞1.Myunclelives__thefifthfloor.A.onB.inC.at2.Theyarrived___Beijingat12:00andwaitedforabus___thestationtothehotel.A.at,inB.in,onC.in,at2.on

在……的上面,與表面接觸

over

在……的正上方,不接觸表面

under

在……下面(是on,over的反義詞)

1.Look!Thereisabridge__theriver.A.onB.overC.above2.Canyouseetheegg___theplate?A.onB.inC.over3.Thelight__usisverybright.A.overB.underC.on使用工具用介詞with使用器官用介詞with使用語言用介詞in使用聲音用介詞in使用方法用介詞in或by

三.方式介詞1.writewith

apen,cutwithaknife,lockwithalock…____________________2.seewithoureyes,dowithourhands,smellwithournoses,eatwithourmouths…____________________3.inEnglish,inFrench,inyourownwords,

inthreelanguage…_____________________4.inaloudvoice,inalowvoice…___________________5.inthisway,bythismeans…___________________使用工具用介詞with使用器官用介詞with使用語言用介詞in使用聲音用介詞in使用方法用介詞in或by6.bybike,bybus,bytrain,byplane,byship,bycar…(onfoot)byland陸路，bysea水路，byair空運(yùn)

_________________

但：onthebike,onthebus,onthetrain,ontheplane,ontheship,inthecar…7.inareadcoat,thegirlinyellow,theboyinwhite…__________________8.lieinbed,afterawhile,inthesun（在陽光下）

underthesun（天下，世界上；到底，究竟）使用交通工具用by表示穿衣服用in固定搭配()三.英語句子成分英語句子成分有主語(subject)、謂語(predicate)、賓語(object)、表語(predicative)、定語(attribute)和狀語(adverbial)、補(bǔ)語(complement)等。（一）主語：主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不是疑問詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（名詞）（代詞）（不定式）三.英語句子成分英語句子成分有主語(subject)、謂語(predicate)、賓語(object)、表語(predicative)、定語(attribute)和狀語(adverbial)、補(bǔ)語(complement)等。（一）主語：主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不是疑問詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（名詞）（代詞）（不定式）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.Smoking

doesharmtothehealth.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.Thereisasupermarketaroundthestreetcorner.Withthebellringing,incameourteacher.(二)謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。

Thesunrisesintheeast.Hepractices

runningeverymorning.

Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.Thedelegationistovisitafewwesterncountries.（動(dòng)名詞）（主語從句）（三）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.

Thenewexpensivebicycleismine.

Theweatherhasturnedcold.

Thespeechisexciting.Ourteacherwassatisfiedwithmywork.

Threetimessevenistwentyone?

HisjobistoteachEnglish.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.

Themachinemustbeoutoforder.

Timeisup.Theclassisover.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（名詞）（代詞）（形容詞）（現(xiàn)在分詞）（過去分詞短語）（數(shù)詞）（不定式短語）（動(dòng)名詞短語）（介詞短語）（副詞）（表語從句）（四）賓語：賓語表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：

Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展覽）yesterday.

Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.

Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.

Hepretendednottoseeme.Theoldwomandidn’tknowwhattodo.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.

Heisusedtoworkingatnight.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），有些及物動(dòng)詞可以帶兩個(gè)賓語，往往一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，指人的叫間接賓語，指物的叫直接賓語。Lendme

yourdictionary,please.（2）復(fù)合賓語

Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式短語）（不定式短語）（動(dòng)名詞短語）（賓語從句）（動(dòng)名詞短語）（五）賓語補(bǔ)足語：英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)助語，對(duì)賓語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、身份、特征等內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明,才能使句子的意義完整。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式(短語)、分詞(短語)、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如：

Weelectedhimourmonitor.

Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.Letthefreshairin.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.Wesawherenteringtheroom.WhenIcamebacktomyhometown,Ifounditgreatlychanged.

Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.

Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（名詞）（形容詞）（副詞）（不定式短語）（現(xiàn)在分詞短語）（過去分詞短語）（介詞短語）（賓語從句）（六）定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下列詞、短語、句子表示：

Guilinisabeautifulcity.

Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisa

developedcountry.

Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.

HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.

Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.

HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.Thankyouforthehelpwhichyouhavegivenme.（形容詞）（現(xiàn)在/過去分詞）（名詞）（代詞）（不定式短語）（動(dòng)名詞）（介詞短語）定語從句（七）狀語：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。可由以下形式表示：

Lighttravelsmostquickly.

Hehaslivedinthecity

fortenyears.

Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.

Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.

Givenmoretime,we’lldomuchbetter.

Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.

狀語種類：

Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（時(shí)間狀語）

Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因狀語）

Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（條件狀語）

MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地點(diǎn)狀語）（副詞）（介詞短語）（不定式短語）（現(xiàn)在分詞短語）（過去分詞短語）（狀語從句）

Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式狀語）

Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴隨狀語）

Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的狀語）

Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（結(jié)果狀語）

Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（讓步狀語）

Iamtallerthanheis.（比較狀語）四.詞類和句子成分的關(guān)系在句子里，一定的詞類（短語）可以充當(dāng)一定的句子成分；反過來說，一定的句子成分要由一定的詞類（短語）來擔(dān)任。閱讀并劃分下列句子成分：1.Theteacher’sdecisionmadeJohnhappy.2.Hedidtheworkyesterday,buthedidnotfinishit.3.Thedishestastedelicious.4.Workandplayarebothnecessarytohealth.5.Thehorseisausefulanimal.6.Youmustremembertotellhimallthat.7.Ifinishedmyhomeworkjustnow.8.Awoodfirewasburningonthehearth,andadogwassleepinginfrontofit.9.Ifoundanoteonmycarthismorning.10.Thestreamwounditswayacrossthefield.閱讀下面短文并指出劃線部分的句子成分：

1.Manycities

aroundtheworldtodayareheavilypolluted.Carelessmethodsofproductionandlackofconsumerdemandingforenvironmentfriendlyproducts

havecontributedto

thepollutionproblem.Oneresultisthatmillionsoftonsofglass,paper,plastic,andmetalcontainersareproduced,andthesearedifficulttogetridof.

2.Inthesecondhalfofeachyear,manypowerful

storms

areborn

inthetropicAtlanticandCaribbeanseas.Ofthese,onlyabouthalfadozen

becomes

thestrong,circlingwindsof75milesperhourormorethatarecalledhurricane,andseveralusuallymaketheirway

tothecoast.Theretheycausemillionsofdollarsofdamage,andbring

death

tolargenumbersofpeople.語法填空:(2009年廣東省高考英語試題）

閱讀下面短文,按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求,在空格處填人一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空,并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為31～40的相應(yīng)位置上。Janewaswalkingroundthedepartmentstore.Sherememberedhowdifficult31__wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.Shewishedthathewasaseasy32_________(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnot33___pleasantexperience:peoplesteppedonyourfeetor34______(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.Janepausedinfrontofacounter35______someittopleasea

pushedwhere

attractivetieswereondisplay.“Theyarerealsilk,”theassistanttriedtoattracther.“Worthdoubletheprice.”ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather

36_______(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.Janestoppedwhereasmallcrowdofmenhadgathered.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes37__sale.Shedidnothesitateforlong:althoughher

fathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtoplease38____.WhenJanegothome,withhersmallbutwell-chosenpresentinherbag,herparentswerealready39___tablehavingsupper.Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane39____________(inform).choiceon

himatwasinformed

語法填空：(2008年廣東省高考英語試題）ChineseproverbsarerichandtheyarestillwidelyusedinChinesepeople’sdailylife.1________theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop2_______

(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty（960-1279）wasveryanxioustohelp3____

ricecropgrowupquickly.Hewasthinkingabout4_______dayandnight.Butthecropwasgrowingmuchslowerthanheexpected.Oneday,hecameupwithanidea5______hewouldpluckupallhiscropafewinches.Hedidsothenextday.Behind/Intohelphisthis/itthatHewasverytired6_____doingthisforawholeday,7______hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”8______(high).Hissonheardaboutthis,andwenttoseethecrop.Unfortunatelytheleavesofthecropbegantowither.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir9________(nature)course.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften10_______(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.afterbuthighernaturalresults

但常用的英語句子并不都象基本句型這樣簡短，這些句子除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語（modifier）而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。下面以基本句型五為例：

此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。常用于這句型的動(dòng)詞有：attempt,dare,decide,desire,expect,hope,intend,learn,need,offer,pretend,promise,propose,purpose,refuse,want,wish等。1.Whoknows

theanswer?誰知道答案？2.Hehasrefused

tohelpthem.他拒絕幫他們的忙。3.Heenjoys

reading.他喜歡看書。4.Theyate

whatwasleftover.他們吃了剩飯。5.Hesaid“Goodmorning.”他說：“早上好！6.Iwant

tohaveacupoftea.我想喝杯茶。7.Headmits

thathewasmistaken.他承認(rèn)犯了錯(cuò)誤。(3)主語+謂(及物動(dòng)詞+賓語)(S+V+O)翻譯下列句子:1.昨天我給我媽媽寫了一封信。Yesterdayhewrotealettertohismother.2.從孩提時(shí)代我們就相互認(rèn)識(shí)了。Wehaveknowneachothersincewewereboys.3.他希望中學(xué)畢業(yè)后去上大學(xué)。Hehopestogotocollegeafterhefinishesmiddleschool.4.你喜歡讀中國日?qǐng)?bào)嗎？DoyouenjoyreadingChinaDaily?5.我真得不知道如何是好。Ireallydon’tknowwhattodo?6.你能告訴我去最近的郵局怎么走好?CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpost-office?(4)主語+謂(及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語)

e.g.Shetaughtthem

physics.Acarfactorywillbringtheprovince

morejobs.

翻譯下列句子：1.他給我們講了一個(gè)動(dòng)人的故事。Theytoldusamovingstory.2.她父親給她買了一件漂亮的生日禮物。Herfatherboughtherabeautifulgiftforherbirthday.3.請(qǐng)給我們唱支歌吧！Pleasesingusasong!4.你能幫我一把嗎？Couldyougivemeahand?5.公共汽車上她把她的座位讓給了一位老人。Sheofferedanoldmanherseatonthebus.這類句子結(jié)構(gòu)大部分可以和主語+謂+賓語+介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)互換Shegavemeabook.Shegaveabooktome.Billofferedheracandy.Billofferedacandytoher.I’llbuyyousomeclothes.I’llbuysomeclothesforyou.I’llcutyouapieceofcake.I’llcutapieceofcakeforyou.Shekissedhergood-byeTheyfinedhim＄25.附:常用于此種句型結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞主要有:allowbringbuycallcausechoosecookcostdofindforbidgetgivehandleavelendlosemakeofferpasspromisereadsavesellsendsetshowsingtaketeachtellwriteetc.(5)主語+謂(及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語)e.g.Wemustkeep

theroom

warm.Thevillagersdidn’tallow

them

todothis.Iwillkeep

thebox

intheshade.

翻譯下列句子：1.我們選他當(dāng)班長。Weelectedhimourmonitor.2.假如你用煤氣做飯，你應(yīng)該讓窗戶開者。Youshouldkeepthewindowopenifyouusegasforcooking.3.她說服她的父親把煙給戒了。Shepersuadedherfathertogiveupsmoking.4.昨天當(dāng)我路過Tom房間時(shí)，我聽見他在唱歌。IheardTomsingingwhenIpassedbyhisroomyesterday.5.你在哪里理得發(fā)？Wheredidyouhaveyourhaircut?6.你能告訴我這個(gè)單詞怎么讀嗎？CouldyoutellmehowIcanpronouncetheword?可接復(fù)合賓語的常見動(dòng)詞有：ask,tell,find,help,like,allow,take,make,let,haveforce,call,advise,persuade,watch,see,hear,feel,consider,choose,electetc.判斷下列各句屬于哪一種基本句型:1.Didyouobservethebirdsflyingaroundthetrees?2.Thefactoryproduce1000carsaweek.3.Iwillgetsomeonetorepairtherecorderforyou.4.Yourexplanationsoundsreasonable.5.Hewrotehisfamilyaletteryesterday.6.Haveyoufixedmywatch?7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepthemomenthewenttobed.8.Wemustgetthetaskfinishedontime.9.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.10.Lastnight,theprofessorgaveusatalkonEnglishstudy.翻譯下列句子：1.你的故事聽起來很有趣。2.我感到有一點(diǎn)累。3.我妹妹是在農(nóng)村長大的。4.這家醫(yī)院創(chuàng)建于1950年。5.他因?yàn)檐囎娱_得太快而違反了交通規(guī)則。6.他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快將其喝光。7.順便問一下，她把錢付給你了嗎？8.下學(xué)期誰教你們生物？9.他總是把他的臥室收拾得干干凈凈。10.什么促使你這樣想的？翻譯下列句子：1.你的故事聽起來很有趣。

Yourstorysoundsveryinteresting.2.我感到有一點(diǎn)累。

Ifeltabittired.3.我妹妹是在農(nóng)村長大的。

Myyoungersistergrewupinthecountry.

4.這家醫(yī)院創(chuàng)建于1950年。

Thishospitalwassetupin1950.5.他因?yàn)檐囎娱_得太快而違反了交通規(guī)則。

Hebrokethetrafficrulebecausehedrovehiscartoofast.

6.他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快將其喝光。

Hebroughtoutabottleofbeeranddrankitupquickly.7.順便問一下，她把錢付給你了嗎？

Bytheway,hasshepaidyouthemoney?8.下學(xué)期誰教你們生物？

Whowillteachyoubiologynextterm?9.他總是把他的臥室收拾得干干凈凈。

Healwayskeepshisbedroomclean.10.什么促使你這樣想的？

Whatmadeyouthinkso?

但常用的英語句子并不都象基本句型這樣簡短，這些句子除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語（modifier）而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。下面以基本句型五為例：

1.Wefound

thehall

full.

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。

2.Wefound

thegreathall

fullofstudentsandteachers.

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。

3.Wefoun